Spain

OECD’s periodic surveys of the Spanish economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.

Études économiques consacrées périodiquement par l'OCDE à l’économie de l’Espagne. Chaque étude analyse les grands enjeux auxquels le pays fait face. Elle examine les perspectives à court terme et présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des décideurs politiques. Des chapitres thématiques analysent des enjeux spécifiques. Les tableaux et graphiques contiennent un large éventail de données statistiques.

Tourism is a cornerstone of Spain's economy and a key driver of regional development. This report presents indicators to monitor tourism sustainability in Andalusia, Catalonia, Navarra, and the Region of Valencia, building on existing frameworks and good practices at international, national and regional level. A set of 30 indicators and 57 metrics is informed by key policy issues and priorities identified in existing tourism strategies and measurement frameworks in the four regions. They cover economic benefits, seasonality, local resident perceptions, accessibility, climate change mitigation and water management. A sub-set of ten ‘priority’ metrics has also been identified to monitor key policy issues and help prioritise action towards sustainable development. The report highlights avenues for future development to refine indicator methodologies and close existing data gaps on central policy issues such as cultural heritage, greenhouse gas emissions, waste and digitalisation.

El turismo es una pieza clave de la economía española y un factor esencial de desarrollo regional. En este informe se presentan indicadores que han de servir para controlar la sostenibilidad del turismo en Andalucía, Cataluña, Navarra y la Comunidad Valenciana, partiendo de los sistemas y buenas prácticas ya existentes a escala internacional, nacional y regional. Se ha elegido un conjunto de 30 indicadores y 57 parámetros orientados a los principales problemas políticos y prioridades identificados en las actuales estrategias turísticas y sistemas de medición de las cuatro regiones. Se centran en los beneficios económicos, la estacionalidad, la percepción por los residentes, la accesibilidad, la mitigación del cambio climático y la gestión del agua. También se ha definido un subconjunto de 10 parámetros «prioritarios» para controlar aspectos políticos esenciales y ayudar a priorizar la actuación hacia un desarrollo sostenible. El informe destaca posibilidades de desarrollo futuro con el fin de depurar los métodos de los indicadores y subsanar las deficiencias que existan en los datos en relación con aspectos políticos esenciales, como el patrimonio cultural, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, los residuos y la digitalización.

To meet the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050, Spain will need to take further climate action in the years ahead. Enhanced policy measures, such as taxes, subsidies and standards, will have implications for the public budget and for the economy. This paper quantifies these implications by comparing two scenarios developed with the ENV-Linkages model: a baseline with current policies, and a net-zero scenario in which more ambitious climate policy measures are implemented to reduce CO₂ emissions. The analysis shows that ambitious climate action and economic growth can go hand-in-hand. While the consequences for the public budget will be strongly influenced by the chosen climate policy instruments, the findings illustrate that the changes in net fiscal revenues induced by additional climate policy can be small compared to the overall size of government revenues in 2050.

Although uptake of digital practices by SMEs continues to increase, so too has the “digital gap” with larger firms. Understanding the drivers and persisting bottlenecks of SME digitalisation as well as gaining a deeper understanding of their practices and digitalisation processes is key to inform policy decisions to help bridge this gap. This is the primary purpose of the survey this paper draws its findings from, conducted in seven OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Spain and the United States), in co-operation with digital platforms partners of the OECD D4SME Global Initiative. Survey findings provide new insights on SMEs’ digital journeys and how digital tools can support them in navigating short-term challenges and enhancing long-term resilience. The survey also provides evidence about SMEs' use and perception of AI technologies (with a focus on “generative AI”), their application of data analytics for tracking environmental performance, and the impact on mental wellbeing of digital practices in the workplace.

This report takes stock of the project carried out by the OECD, Arantzazulab, and public authorities in the town of Tolosa and the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain) to experiment with the use of public deliberation. It explores ways to improving deliberative processes in the Basque region, including looking at the link between those who participate in deliberative processes and the broader public, the role of civil servants in ensuring ownership of deliberative processes, the governance structure, or making evaluation and follow-up more systematic. The report also sets out three pathways to promoting and systemising deliberation across all levels of government in the Basque Country: 1) institutionalising deliberative practices; 2) embedding deliberation in public administration; and 3) mainstreaming deliberation both within and outside government.

Spain has been confronted with weak wage and productivity growth for several decades. This report provides an overview of the role that labour market policies as well as other policies can play in reviving broadly shared productivity growth in Spain. To set the scene, it starts with documenting the decline in broadly shared productivity growth and its underlying mechanisms. It then provides a discussion of how policies can enhance the adaptability of the economy and labour market to structural change. It concludes with a discussion of the role of selected labour market policies for promoting broadly shared productivity gains. The emphasis is on wage-setting institutions, employment protection and job retention support, consistent with the focus of recent reforms.

The Pensions at a Glance database includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary pensions. It covers 34 OECD countries and aims to cover all G20 countries. Pensions at a Glance reviews and analyses the pension measures enacted or legislated in OECD countries. It provides an in-depth review of the first layer of protection of the elderly, first-tier pensions across countries and provideds a comprehensive selection of pension policy indicators for all OECD and G20 countries.

This dataset contains data on metropolitan regions with demographic, labour, innovation and economic statistics by population, regional surface, population density, labour force, employment, unemployment, GDP, GDP per capita, PCT patent applications, and elderly dependency ratio.

This dataset comprises statistics on different transactions and balances to get from the GDP to the net lending/borrowing. It includes national disposable income (gross and net), consumption of fixed capital as well as net savings. It also includes transaction components such as net current transfers and net capital transfers. Data are expressed in millions of national currency as well as US dollars and available in both current and constant prices. Data are provided from 1950 onwards.

Ce document donne un aperçu du développement des énergies renouvelables dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’Union européenne (RUP de l’UE), se concentrant sur la capacité de ces énergies à contribuer à la transition verte tout en ouvrant des perspectives de développement économique durable. Il décrit les cadres d'action et les outils mis en place par les RUP de l’UE pour agir dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, et formule des recommandations politiques. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.

Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble des chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE). Il évalue les tendances émergentes, discute des opportunités et des défis, examine les cadres politiques et les outils qui peuvent renforcer la participation bénéfique des RUP de l'UE dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires internationales, et propose des actions prioritaires. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.