1 - 20 of 118 result(s)

This report analyses competition in public procurement in Hungary and the rationale behind the high prevalence of single bidding. It provides an empirical analysis of competition, using procurement data and several variables. It also provides recommendations on potential improvements to institutional and regulatory frameworks to foster competition and improve the Hungarian Government’s action plan to increase competition in public procurement from 2023 to 2026. Finally, it provides recommendations to improve the capacity of both contracting authorities and bidders regarding public procurement.

This paper provides an insight into the policy landscape for sustainable infrastructure in the Philippines. It identifies opportunities for promoting responsible business conduct (RBC) in infrastructure development in the country and includes policy considerations on how to use RBC frameworks to further facilitate sustainable infrastructure investment. This paper is one of four papers analysing the role of responsible business conduct in enabling sustainable infrastructure.

In many OECD countries, the majority of social spending is financed from earmarked revenues, and a large share of revenues earmarked for any type of government spending is used for social purposes. Tying revenue sources to specific expenditure categories has a number of potential advantages and weaknesses. These trade-offs depend on the design and implementation of earmarking, and they can become more apparent when fiscal space is tight. In practice, provisions for linking revenues to programme spending differ widely, and they vary also by social protection branch within countries. This paper compares financing patterns and trends and provides examples of earmarking for social insurance and assistance programmes. It concludes with a discussion of carbon pricing as a potential source of financing social support programmes.

This paper provides an insight into the policy landscape for sustainable infrastructure in Thailand. It identifies opportunities for promoting responsible business conduct (RBC) in infrastructure development in the country and includes policy considerations on how to use RBC frameworks to further facilitate sustainable infrastructure investment. This paper is one of four papers analysing the role of responsible business conduct in enabling sustainable infrastructure.

Tourism is a cornerstone of Spain's economy and a key driver of regional development. This report presents indicators to monitor tourism sustainability in Andalusia, Catalonia, Navarra, and the Region of Valencia, building on existing frameworks and good practices at international, national and regional level. A set of 30 indicators and 57 metrics is informed by key policy issues and priorities identified in existing tourism strategies and measurement frameworks in the four regions. They cover economic benefits, seasonality, local resident perceptions, accessibility, climate change mitigation and water management. A sub-set of ten ‘priority’ metrics has also been identified to monitor key policy issues and help prioritise action towards sustainable development. The report highlights avenues for future development to refine indicator methodologies and close existing data gaps on central policy issues such as cultural heritage, greenhouse gas emissions, waste and digitalisation.

El turismo es una pieza clave de la economía española y un factor esencial de desarrollo regional. En este informe se presentan indicadores que han de servir para controlar la sostenibilidad del turismo en Andalucía, Cataluña, Navarra y la Comunidad Valenciana, partiendo de los sistemas y buenas prácticas ya existentes a escala internacional, nacional y regional. Se ha elegido un conjunto de 30 indicadores y 57 parámetros orientados a los principales problemas políticos y prioridades identificados en las actuales estrategias turísticas y sistemas de medición de las cuatro regiones. Se centran en los beneficios económicos, la estacionalidad, la percepción por los residentes, la accesibilidad, la mitigación del cambio climático y la gestión del agua. También se ha definido un subconjunto de 10 parámetros «prioritarios» para controlar aspectos políticos esenciales y ayudar a priorizar la actuación hacia un desarrollo sostenible. El informe destaca posibilidades de desarrollo futuro con el fin de depurar los métodos de los indicadores y subsanar las deficiencias que existan en los datos en relación con aspectos políticos esenciales, como el patrimonio cultural, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, los residuos y la digitalización.

The New Professionalism and the Future of Teaching project has devised a theoretical framework that allows stakeholders in education to construct a shared vision on what the teaching profession could look like in the future. This study in Flanders seeks to anticipate and increase deeper, structured thinking about medium- and long-term scenarios for teacher professionalism and empowerment. Potential benefits for the system include long-term strategic thinking regarding the Flemish teacher workforce and finding solutions to issues that transcend the short-term. The results of the study point to a focus on community, families, empowering students, an explicit definition for teaching and learning, links with higher education and teacher collective learning, teacher autonomy, well-being, and (more) diversity of roles within the teacher workforce as elements of specific importance in thinking about the possible future of the teaching profession in Flanders.

Le présent document propose une méthodologie pour cartographier les instruments d’action en fonction du périmètre des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Il vise à soutenir les efforts déployés dans le cadre du Forum inclusif sur les approches d’atténuation des émissions de carbone (Forum inclusif) pour améliorer la compréhension des politiques des pays en termes approches d’atténuation des émissions de carbone, en proposant un inventaire complet et systématique des instruments d’actions et en mettant en place une base de données correspondante. La méthodologie de cartographie des émissions de GES est conçue pour être inclusive, couvrant un large éventail d'instruments politiques pertinents pour l’atténuation du changement climatique, et est appliquée aux études pilotes nationales dans le cadre du Forum inclusif. Le document développe plusieurs concepts et définitions clés et propose une approche en cinq étapes qui se concentre sur la conception administrative de l'instrument d’action, sa base réglementaire et les obligations légales établies dans le cadre réglementaire. Enfin, le document présente deux exemples de cartographie des GES issues d'une des premières études pilotes du Forum inclusif (Chili).

To meet the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050, Spain will need to take further climate action in the years ahead. Enhanced policy measures, such as taxes, subsidies and standards, will have implications for the public budget and for the economy. This paper quantifies these implications by comparing two scenarios developed with the ENV-Linkages model: a baseline with current policies, and a net-zero scenario in which more ambitious climate policy measures are implemented to reduce CO₂ emissions. The analysis shows that ambitious climate action and economic growth can go hand-in-hand. While the consequences for the public budget will be strongly influenced by the chosen climate policy instruments, the findings illustrate that the changes in net fiscal revenues induced by additional climate policy can be small compared to the overall size of government revenues in 2050.

Countries are increasingly turning to industrial policy to address concerns over climate change, energy security and strategic autonomy. This paper explores the potential and risks of green industrial policies with a focus on green subsidies, and illustrates some key design considerations that governments should take into account when providing such support. To get green industrial policy right, governments need to ensure that support is targeted, time-bound, and accompanied by effective monitoring and evaluation. Large data gaps remain on the scale, scope and impact of green industrial policy — filling these and co-operating internationally on good-practice policy design will be essential to minimise risk and realise the full benefits green industrial policies can offer.

This paper sets out the main issues being tackled in Phase Two of the OECD’s Horizontal Project on Climate and Economic Resilience: Net Zero+. These issues are explored in detail in a series of policy papers that bring together the wide range of OECD expertise on climate change to provide governments with a clear overview of policy options at their disposal to address the climate emergency. This framing paper introduces the Net Zero+ Policy Paper series, providing background and context to each of the in-depth papers that follow. Each paper synthesises relevant work carried out by the OECD over the 2023/24 biennium. The papers focus on how to deliver the immediate and drastic emissions reductions needed this decade to keep the Paris Agreement’s temperature targets within reach, while also improving resilience to climate impacts and other disruptions.

This document proposes a methodology to map policy instruments to their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission base. It seeks to support the efforts under the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) to enhance the understanding of countries’ climate change mitigation policies by providing a comprehensive and systematic stocktake of policy instruments and establishing a corresponding database. The GHG mapping methodology is designed to be inclusive, covering a broad set of policy instruments relevant for climate change mitigation and is being applied to country pilot studies under the IFCMA. It develops several key concepts and definitions and proposes a five-step approach that focuses on a policy instrument’s administrative design, policy regulatory base and the legal obligations established under the regulatory framework. Finally, it presents two GHG mapping examples drawn from one of the first IFCMA pilot studies (Chile).

《二十国集团/经合组织公司治理原则》帮助政策制定者评估和完善公司治理的法律、监管和制度框架。这些原则明确了健全的公司治理框架的关键要素，并为在国家层面的实施提供了实用指导。该原则还为证券交易所、投资者、公司和其他在推动良好公司治理方面具有重要作用的机构提供指引。

L’édition 2024 des Tendances et politiques du tourisme de l’OCDE analyse les dernières performances touristiques et tendances politiques dans 50 pays de l’OCDE et économies partenaires. Cette édition fait le point sur la reprise de l’économie touristique après la pandémie et souligne la nécessité de politiques coordonnées et tournées vers l’avenir, à l’heure où les défis pour créer un élan en faveur d’un avenir plus résilient, durable et inclusif pour le secteur demeurent. Des données sur l’importance de l’économie touristique sont présentées, avec des données couvrant le tourisme intérieur, entrant et sortant, les entreprises et l’emploi, et la consommation du tourisme interne. Les priorités, réformes et développements de la politique du tourisme sont analysés, et des exemples de pratiques nationales sont mis en évidence. Les chapitres thématiques fournissent des informations sur le renforcement de la main-d’œuvre dans le secteur du tourisme et la création d’une base de données factuelles pour les politiques du tourisme durable.

This working paper explores the role of data governance in advancing people-centred justice systems. It outlines the objectives, values, and practices necessary to harness data effectively, drawing on OECD policy instruments. The paper provides actionable insights for policymakers aiming to implement data-driven justice reforms. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by digital transformation in the justice sector, advocating for a strategic approach that balances innovation with the protection of fundamental rights. It incorporates lessons from data governance activities and experiences in justice and other relevant sectors. This paper is essential reading for those involved in modernisation of justice and data governance.

This policy paper presents a step-by-step assessment to help countries implement the OECD Recommendation on Access to Justice and People-Centred Justice Systems. The paper draws on the United Kingdom's model for measuring access to His Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service. It is designed to help policymakers adapt this assessment model to their specific contexts and provides guidance on using data to identify and address barriers to court services. With a focus on people-centred justice, it includes good practices and country examples for using data to realise equal access to justice for all.

This policy paper introduces the OECD Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Framework, exploring how digital technologies and data can support dispute resolution within and beyond court systems, thereby enhancing access to justice for all. It elaborates on three pillars - governance, policy levers, and ethics and safeguards - offering comprehensive guidance to countries on integrating ODR. The framework aims to assist countries in improving the seamless transfer of information across various dispute resolution mechanisms. The paper provides a strategic approach to developing ODR, including best practices for governance, robust legal frameworks, and ethical standards to ensure fairness and transparency. It highlights the successful implementation of ODR globally, demonstrating its potential to make justice more efficient and accessible to all.

Ensuring the well-being of farmers, their families, farmworkers, and that of their communities is high on the agenda of governments and policy makers in OECD countries. The quality of agricultural jobs (e.g. working conditions) and quality of life aspects such as environmental quality, health, depopulation of rural areas, isolation, crime, discrimination, and access to knowledge together determine the well-being of those active in the agricultural sector. Relevant policy design has tended to be hampered by serious data gaps. By focusing on different dimensions of well-being, this paper proposes a framework for social issues in agriculture to identify cross-cutting challenges. Seven policy examples, covering diverse social issues such as mental health, developing social connections in isolated rural areas, and inclusiveness of Indigenous Peoples and those with disabilities, confirm the need to look beyond traditional sectoral policies and to address social issues from a broader policy perspective. Only a multipronged approach can successfully remove the barriers that hinder opportunities for all farmers and their communities.

This paper examines the evolution of the role of defence and security forces in combating insurgencies in the most affected coastal West African states. The case studies offer examinations of states’ efforts to enhance the capabilities of defence and security forces in five areas, namely the expansion, professionalisation, and specialisation, as well as enhancement of multi-agency co-ordination and community relations. They also identify a set of challenges and opportunities surrounding the adoption and implementation of comprehensive strategies to countering violent militancy. Each context is different, but the cases’ commonalities help generate several foundational lessons that defence and security forces and their organisations should consider as they hone and deepen the reforms launched to enhance the operational effectiveness and political legitimacy of their forces. These lessons reinforce the principles and imperatives derived from studies on countering militant groups in the Sahel and West Africa.