元
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]元 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一山 (MMU), four-corner 10211, composition ⿱一兀 or ⿱二儿)
Derived characters
[edit]- 㐾 𠰂 坃 妧 岏 忨 抏 沅 远 阮 朊 杬 玩 䏓 盶 𦨞 蚖 𠒑 䛃 貦 䡇 酛 鈨 䬧 䯈 魭 翫
- 刓 𰁤 𠠺 㝴 邧 㪴 㒬 兘 㒮 頑(顽) 䲮
- 坖 䲶 黿(鼋)
- 完 芫 笎 䦎 䨌 髨
- 园 衏
- 㓂 冦 宼 寇 窛 𢒎 𠖈 𠖝 𠖤 𠖨
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1340
- Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 264, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5143
Further reading
[edit]Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
元 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 元 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
岏 | *ŋoːn |
刓 | *ŋoːn |
园 | *ŋoːn |
忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
抏 | *ŋoːn |
玩 | *ŋoːns |
貦 | *ŋoːns |
翫 | *ŋoːns |
妧 | *ŋoːns |
完 | *ɦŋoːn |
捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
元 | *ŋon |
沅 | *ŋon |
芫 | *ŋon |
杬 | *ŋon |
邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT). If so, cognate with 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, “ruler; lord; queen”), Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head; summit; beginning”), མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). 原 (OC *ŋʷan, “source; origin; basic; primary”) and 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) may be the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It may also be related to 君 (OC *klun, “lord; prince; ruler”), 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “magistrate; governor”), 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “marquis”) (Mei, 1985).
The name of the dynasty comes from the I Ching:
- 大哉乾元,萬物資始,乃統天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dà zāi qián yuán, wànwù zī shǐ, nǎi tǒng tiān. [Pinyin]
- Vast is the ‘great and originating (power)’ indicated by Qian! All things owe to it their beginning: - it contains all the meaning belonging to (the name) heaven.
大哉干元,万物资始,乃统天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Part of the people with this surname are Xianbei descendants. It was changed from 拓跋 (Tuòbá) as ordered by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүан (yüan, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyyon4 / yon4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ye1
- Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̂ing
- Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gnioe; 6yoe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
- Wade–Giles: yüan2
- Yale: ywán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
- Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
- Sinological IPA (key): /yan²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүан (yüan, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /yæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyun4
- Yale: yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡun²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyyon4 / yon4
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲyɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- nyyon4 - vernacular;
- yon4 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ye1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ye¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̂ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- nguang5 - Shantou;
- nguêng5 - Chaozhou;
- ngang5 - used in 開元.
- 6gnioe - vernacular;
- 6yoe - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: yenn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /y̯ẽ¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 元 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /yan³⁵/ |
Harbin | /yan²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /yan⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /yã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /yã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /yan⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /yã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /yã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /yan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /yɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /yan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /yɛn²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /yan³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ian²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /yen²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /yĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ye¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ye̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ye³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵyø²³/ /ɦyø²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiø¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦyõ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵy³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ue⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋian¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋien¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
Nanning | /yn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /guan³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋuoŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋyiŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjwon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]o[r]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋon/
Definitions
[edit]元
- † head
- first; primary; head; chief
- basic; fundamental
- origin; source
- Synonym: 原 (yuán)
- meta-
- Classifier for yuan or dollars.
- (mathematics) variable; unknown; element
- (mathematics) element (an infinitesimal interval of a quantity, a differential)
- (~朝) Yuan Dynasty
- 元曲 ― yuánqū ― Yuan dynasty theater
- (~日) (telegraphy) the thirteenth day of a month
- a surname
- 元好問/元好问 ― Yuán Hàowèn ― Yuan Haowen (Jin dynasty poet)
- (Taoism) kalpa, a cosmic or supreme cycle of 129,000 years
- (Hong Kong) Short for 元朗 (Yuánlǎng, “Yuen Long”).
- Alternative form of 玄 (xuán) (contained in the name of 玄燁)
Synonyms
[edit]- (the Yuan dynasty):
See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一元 (yīyuán)
- 一元化 (yīyuánhuà)
- 一元大武
- 一元復始/一元复始 (yīyuánfùshǐ)
- 一元論/一元论 (yīyuánlùn)
- 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
- 七元
- 上元 (Shàngyuán)
- 三元 (sānyuán)
- 下元
- 三元及第
- 三元合金
- 下元節/下元节
- 上元節/上元节 (Shàngyuánjié)
- 三朝元老 (sāncháoyuánlǎo)
- 中元 (zhōngyuán)
- 中元普渡
- 中元節/中元节 (zhōngyuánjié)
- 中狀元/中状元
- 主元音
- 乾元/干元
- 二元論/二元论 (èryuánlùn)
- 二元運算/二元运算
- 二元酸
- 五燈會元/五灯会元
- 亞元/亚元
- 位元 (wèiyuán)
- 位元組/位元组 (wèiyuánzǔ)
- 低元音
- 住宅單元/住宅单元
- 傷元氣/伤元气
- 元件 (yuánjiàn)
- 元元
- 元元本本 (yuányuánběnběn)
- 元凶 (yuánxiōng)
- 元功
- 元勛/元勋 (yuánxūn)
- 元勳/元勋 (yuánxūn)
- 元化
- 元史
- 元后
- 元君
- 元和
- 元命
- 元和腳/元和脚
- 元和體/元和体
- 元四大家
- 元因
- 元士
- 元夜
- 元妃 (yuánfēi)
- 元始 (yuánshǐ)
- 元始天尊
- 元子
- 元宰
- 元宵 (yuánxiāo)
- 元宵節/元宵节 (yuánxiāojié)
- 元寶/元宝 (yuánbǎo)
- 元寶楓/元宝枫
- 元尚篇
- 元帥/元帅 (yuánshuài)
- 元年 (yuánnián)
- 元惡/元恶 (yuán'è)
- 元惡大奸
- 元惡大憝/元恶大憝
- 元戎
- 元日 (yuánrì)
- 元旦 (yuándàn)
- 元智大學/元智大学
- 元曲 (yuánqǔ)
- 元書紙/元书纸
- 元會/元会
- 元月 (Yuányuè)
- 元服 (yuánfú)
- 元朝 (Yuáncháo)
- 元本 (yuánběn)
- 元氣/元气 (yuánqì)
- 元燈/元灯
- 元生代
- 元白
- 元神
- 元祕史/元秘史
- 元稹
- 元精
- 元素 (yuánsù)
- 元素符號/元素符号
- 元結/元结
- 元緒/元绪
- 元老 (yuánlǎo)
- 元老院 (yuánlǎoyuàn)
- 元聖/元圣
- 元色 (yuánsè)
- 元謀/元谋 (Yuánmóu)
- 元謀猿人/元谋猿人
- 元辰
- 元配 (yuánpèi)
- 元陽/元阳 (Yuányáng)
- 元雜劇/元杂剧
- 元音 (yuányīn)
- 元首 (yuánshǒu)
- 元魚/元鱼
- 元麥/元麦
- 元龍高臥/元龙高卧
- 光電元件/光电元件
- 八元
- 公元 (gōngyuán)
- 冊府元龜/册府元龟
- 分渾元/分浑元
- 前元音
- 包元兒/包元儿
- 化學元素/化学元素 (huàxué yuánsù)
- 半低元音
- 半元音 (bànyuányīn)
- 半合元音
- 半閉元音/半闭元音
- 半開元音/半开元音
- 半高元音
- 協元/协元 (Xiéyuán)
- 南元
- 合口元音
- 合金元素
- 喪元/丧元
- 單元/单元 (dānyuán)
- 單元劇/单元剧
- 單元音/单元音 (dānyuányīn)
- 圓脣元音/圆唇元音
- 坤元
- 壓倒元白/压倒元白
- 壽元/寿元
- 多元化 (duōyuánhuà)
- 多元性
- 多元論/多元论 (duōyuánlùn)
- 大三元 (dàsānyuán)
- 大元帥/大元帅 (dàyuánshuài)
- 大春元
- 大秋元
- 大經元/大经元
- 太元 (Tàiyuán)
- 天元 (tiānyuán)
- 央元音 (yāngyuányīn)
- 字元 (zìyuán)
- 宋元學案/宋元学案
- 尖元音
- 展脣元音/展唇元音
- 後元音/后元音 (hòuyuányīn)
- 復元/复元 (fùyuán)
- 微量元素 (wēiliàng yuánsù)
- 戴表元
- 掄元/抡元
- 控制單元/控制单元
- 捲舌元音/卷舌元音
- 搖元宵/摇元宵
- 改元 (gǎiyuán)
- 數元/数元
- 新元史
- 新紀元/新纪元 (xīnjìyuán)
- 易元吉
- 春元演習/春元演习
- 晉元帝/晋元帝
- 曆元/历元 (lìyuán)
- 會元/会元 (huìyuán)
- 未知元
- 案元
- 標準元音/标准元音
- 歐元/欧元 (ōuyuán)
- 歐洲美元/欧洲美元
- 歸元/归元
- 殿元
- 汪元量
- 泰元
- 油元
- 混元
- 渾元/浑元
- 狀元/状元
- 狀元及第/状元及第
- 狀元籌/状元筹
- 狀元紅/状元红
- 狀元餅/状元饼
- 當元/当元
- 省元
- 真元
- 禮元/礼元 (Lǐyuán)
- 萬元戶/万元户
- 稀土元素 (xītǔ yuánsù)
- 糕元寶/糕元宝
- 紀元/纪元 (jìyuán)
- 經元/经元
- 美元 (měiyuán)
- 腎元/肾元 (shènyuán)
- 膠元蛋白/胶元蛋白
- 舌尖元音
- 舌面元音
- 茶元 (Cháyuán)
- 華元/华元
- 蒙元 (Měngyuán)
- 虎體元斑/虎体元斑
- 補元氣/补元气
- 複元音/复元音 (fùyuányīn)
- 複合元音/复合元音
- 西元 (xīyuán)
- 西曆紀元/西历纪元
- 解元 (jièyuán)
- 記憶單元/记忆单元
- 詞元/词元
- 謝晉元/谢晋元
- 貢元/贡元
- 連中三元/连中三元
- 還元返本/还元返本
- 鄭元和/郑元和
- 酈道元/郦道元
- 重元素
- 金屬元素/金属元素
- 鉤元提要/钩元提要
- 銀元/银元 (yínyuán)
- 開元/开元 (kāiyuán)
- 開元禮/开元礼
- 開元通寶/开元通宝
- 開元錄/开元录
- 開元雜報/开元杂报
- 開口元音/开口元音
- 開國元勛/开国元勋
- 關元/关元
- 阮元
- 降元音
- 隱生元/隐生元
- 顏元/颜元
- 顯生元/显生元
- 養元/养元
- 高元音
- 黎元 (líyuán)
- 黎元洪
- 鼎元
- 鼎元之分
- 鼻化元音 (bíhuà yuányīn)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 元 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and second-round simplified form of 圓). |
Notes:
|
References
[edit]- “元”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)
- Tō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)←ぐわん (gwan, historical)
- Kun: もと (moto, 元, Jōyō); こうべ (kōbe, 元)
- Nanori: はじめ (hajime)
Compounds
[edit]- 元気 (genki)
- 元凶 (genkyō)
- 元金 (gankin)
- 元号 (gengō)
- 元日 (ganjitsu)
- 元首 (genshu), 元首 (motokubi)
- 元帥 (gensui)
- 元祖 (ganso)
- 元素 (genso)
- 元旦 (gantan)
- 元朝 (ganchō), 元朝 (genchō)
- 元服 (genpuku)
- 元本 (ganpon)
- 元来 (ganrai)
- 元悪 (gen'aku)
- 元価 (genka)
- 元兇 (genkyō)
- 元勲 (genkun)
- 元軍 (gengun)
- 元元 (motomoto), 元々 (motomoto)
- 元高 (motodaka)
- 元三 (Motomi)
- 元始 (genshi)
- 元手 (motode)
- 元鞘 (motosaya)
- 元職 (genshoku)
- 元栓 (motosen)
- 元値 (motone)
- 元帳 (motochō)
- 元締 (motoji)
- 元入金 (motonyūkin)
- 元年 (gannen)
- 元標 (genpyō)
- 元方 (motokata)
- 元利 (ganri)
- 元老 (genrō)
- 元禄 (genroku)
- 元寇 (genkō)
- お手元 (otemoto), 御手元 (otemoto)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
元 |
もと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
本 原 基 素 |
⟨mo2to2⟩ → /moto/
From Old Japanese. Cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- cause, origin
- basis, foundation
- cost
- 元がとれる
- moto ga toreru
- to be able to cover the cost
- 元がとれる
- (finance) capital
- 2000円の元を取る
- nisen-en no moto o toru
- to get one's 2000 yen's worth
- (literally, “to take the 2000 yen principal”)
- 2000円の元を取る
- principal
Derived terms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
元 |
げん Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 元 (MC ngjwon)
Proper noun
[edit]- the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From 始め (hajime, “beginning”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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元 |
むとぅ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term |
---|
元 |
むーとぅ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 元 (moto).
Noun
[edit]元 or 元 (mutu or mūtu)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]元: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn
- source, origin, base
- a family name
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