秦
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
- Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
- Unihan data for U+79E6
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 秦 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 秦 | |
alternative forms | 𥠼 𣜈 𥘿 𥢮 𥣠 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 秦 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): cěng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zhin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Cín
- Wade–Giles: Chʻin2
- Yale: Chín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyn
- Palladius: Цинь (Cinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceon4
- Yale: chèuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen4
- Guangdong Romanization: cên4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰun²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhìn
- Hakka Romanization System: qinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qin2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 秦 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰiə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰin⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰəŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ʑiŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zin¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡ʑin²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sin¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡zin¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰin¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sin³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡siŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡seiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]i[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zin/
Definitions
[edit]秦
- (~國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
- 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭,以其無禮於晉,且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵,秦軍氾南。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]
- The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.
晋侯、秦伯围郑,以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也。晋军函陵,秦军氾南。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (~朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
- Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
- plain with river
- a surname
- 秦良玉 ― Qín Liángyù ― Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)
See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 三戶亡秦/三户亡秦
- 三秦 (Sānqín)
- 以諧秦晉/以谐秦晋
- 先秦 (xiānqín)
- 先秦諸子/先秦诸子
- 前秦 (Qián Qín)
- 劇秦美新/剧秦美新
- 大秦 (Dàqín)
- 後秦/后秦 (Hòuqín)
- 得成秦晉/得成秦晋
- 暮楚朝秦 (mùchǔzhāoqín)
- 朝秦暮楚 (zhāoqínmùchǔ)
- 椎秦
- 楚館秦樓/楚馆秦楼
- 泊秦淮
- 視同秦越/视同秦越
- 秦中
- 秦俑 (Qínyǒng)
- 秦刻石
- 秦古 (Qíngǔ)
- 秦吉了 (qínjíliǎo)
- 秦咀 (Qínzuǐ)
- 秦國/秦国 (Qínguó)
- 秦城 (Qínchéng)
- 秦始皇 (Qín Shǐhuáng)
- 秦始皇陵
- 秦孝公
- 秦家坪 (Qínjiāpíng)
- 秦嶺/秦岭 (Qínlǐng)
- 秦川
- 秦川女
- 秦州 (Qínzhōu)
- 秦市 (Qínshì)
- 秦庭之哭
- 秦庭朗鏡/秦庭朗镜
- 秦庭歸璧/秦庭归璧
- 秦昭王
- 秦晉/秦晋 (qínjìn)
- 秦晉之好/秦晋之好
- 秦晉之緣/秦晋之缘
- 秦書八體/秦书八体
- 秦朝 (Qíncháo)
- 秦椒 (qínjiāo)
- 秦樓/秦楼
- 秦樓楚館/秦楼楚馆
- 秦樓謝館/秦楼谢馆
- 秦橋/秦桥
- 秦歡晉愛/秦欢晋爱
- 秦淮河 (Qínhuái Hé)
- 秦灰
- 秦獻公/秦献公
- 秦王構石/秦王构石
- 秦琴 (qínqín)
- 秦皇島/秦皇岛 (Qínhuángdǎo)
- 秦穆公
- 秦箏/秦筝 (qínzhēng)
- 秦篆 (qínzhuàn)
- 秦聲/秦声
- 秦腔 (Qínqiāng)
- 秦良玉
- 秦艽 (qínjiāo)
- 秦襄公
- 秦誓
- 秦贅/秦赘
- 秦越
- 秦鏡/秦镜
- 秦鏡高懸/秦镜高悬
- 秦關/秦关
- 秦隸/秦隶
- 秦香蓮/秦香莲
- 胡秦
- 苻秦
- 蘇秦刺股/苏秦刺股
- 西秦 (Xīqín)
- 西秦戲/西秦戏
- 越人視秦/越人视秦
- 避秦 (bìqín)
- 鳳去秦樓/凤去秦楼
Descendants
[edit]- → English: Ch'in, Chin, Qin, Tsin
- →? Sanskrit: चीन (cīna)
References
[edit]- “秦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02923
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じん (jin)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)
- Sō-on: ちん (chin)
- Kun: はた (hata, 秦); はたしん (hatashin, 秦)
- Nanori: かな (kana); たい (tai); はだ (hada); ひろ (hiro); まさ (masa); やす (yasu)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC dzin).
Proper noun
[edit]- (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
- (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
- 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
- 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
- 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
- a surname
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はた Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
[edit]- a place name
- a surname
Derived terms
[edit]- 秦公寺 (Hatanokimi-dera)
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はたしん Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) + 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”, see above).
The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)
Usage notes
[edit]This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たい
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさ
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