周
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]- In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component, producing a resemblance to the radical 用.
Han character
[edit]周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古 or ⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK))
Derived characters
[edit]- 倜, 凋, 調 (调), 啁, 徟, 淍, 惆, 婤, 𰀧, 綢 (绸), 琱, 椆, 晭, 賙 (赒), 禂, 碉, 睭, 稠, 皗, 裯, 蜩, 輖 (𫐏), 錭, 鯛(鲷), 騆, 䓟, 㓮, 郮, 彫, 翢, 雕, 鵰 (𫛲), 奝, 霌, 週, 𥮐, 𥺝, 𦈺, 𦩍, 𡕐
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
- Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5468
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 周 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
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Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) of a jade artifact with carved patterns. Original form of 彫 (OC *tɯːw, “to carve”). The character was later borrowed as a country name and 口 was added as a distinguishing mark. The top part of the character gradually became similar to 用 in the late Western Zhou period.[1]
The seal script form can be interpreted as ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + semantic 用 (“to use”) - indicating the idea of using words skillfully to express oneself, thereby conveying the meaning of being meticulous or detailed.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ 漢語多功能字庫 - 字頭 「周」
- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 周 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 周 | |
alternative forms | 𠄗 𠕛 𠣘 淍 週/周 |
- to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
- Unclear. Possibly connected with Tibetan གཅུ་བ (gcu ba) ~ ལྕུ་བ (lcu ba, “screw”), གཅུད་བ (gcud ba) ~ ལྕུབ་བ (lcub ba, “turn, twist, plait, braid”), or Thai ดิ้ว (dîu, “club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened”) or Khmer ជួត (cuət, “to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban”) (Schuessler, 2007)
- to help
- Unclear. Maybe same word as 周 (zhōu, “to surround”) as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist < to be on one's left-side”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, “left”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist < to be on one's right-side”) from 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC dzrjoH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).
- dynasty's name
- Attested in the Huayuanzhang East Oracle Bone Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019[1])
- 周入亖 [Pre-Classical Chinese] ― Zhōu rù sì [Pinyin] ― Zhou contributes four
- A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)[2]
- Hargett (2021)[3] states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zou1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tseu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
- Wade–Giles: chou1
- Yale: jōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
- Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zou1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zou
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡səu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zau1
- Yale: jāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzau1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ziu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
- Hakka Romanization System: zuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zu1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 周 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/ /t͡sou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡səu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sei³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕɤu³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɨu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡su⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡siu⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sieu⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siu⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siu³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡siu²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsyuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/
Definitions
[edit]周
- to circle; to encircle
- circle; circumference
- whole
- to extend everywhere
- 自西徂東,周爰執事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zì xī cú dōng, zhōu yuán zhíshì. [Pinyin]
- From the west to the east, everywhere he was at work.
自西徂东,周爰执事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 知周乎萬物,而道濟天下,故不過。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
- Zhī zhōu hū wànwù, ér dào jì tiānxià, gù bùguò. [Pinyin]
- His knowledge embraces all things, and his course is (intended to be) helpful to all under the sky; - and hence he falls into no error.
知周乎万物,而道济天下,故不过。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- thorough; complete; comprehensive
- (obsolete) side; periphery
- 有杕之杜,生于道周。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu dì zhī dù, shēng yú dàozhōu. [Pinyin]
- There's a solitary birchleaf pear tree, that grows on the road's curve.
- (obsolete) to suit
- to help (e.g. financially); to relieve
- 靡人不周,無不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Mǐ rén bù zhōu, wú bùnéng zhǐ. [Pinyin]
- There is no one who has not helped [the people]; They have not refrained on the ground of being unable.
靡人不周,无不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese, chiefly in the passive) to reprimand with authority; to catch
- Classifier for circuits.; circuit; revolution
- (historical) name of various dynasties
- (~朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)
- 周雖舊邦,其命維新。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhōu suī jiù bāng, qí mìng wéixīn. [Pinyin]
- Although Zhou was an old country,
The [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.
周虽旧邦,其命维新。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Northern Zhou (557—581), one of the Northern dynasties in China
- Wu Zhou (690–705), established by Wu Zetian
- Later Zhou (951–960), one of the Five Dynasties in China
- (~朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)
- a surname
- 周恩來/周恩来 ― Zhōu Ēnlái ― Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不周 (bùzhōu)
- 不周到
- 不周山 (bùzhōushān)
- 不周延 (bùzhōuyán)
- 不周風/不周风
- 不食周粟 (bù shí Zhōu sù)
- 二周
- 伊周 (yīzhōu)
- 假意周旋
- 光周期
- 八步周行
- 北周 (Běizhōu)
- 周事
- 周備/周备
- 周內/周内
- 周全 (zhōuquán)
- 周全方便
- 周公吐哺
- 周到 (zhōudào)
- 周匝 (zhōuzā)
- 周南 (Zhōunán)
- 周原 (Zhōuyuán)
- 周口 (Zhōukǒu, “Zhoukou”)
- 周口店 (Zhōukǒudiàn, “Zhoukoudian”)
- 周召
- 周召共和
- 周圍/周围 (zhōuwéi)
- 周堂
- 周塘 (Zhōutáng)
- 周天 (zhōutiān)
- 周字框 (zhōuzìkuàng)
- 周官 (Zhōuguān)
- 周室
- 周家灣/周家湾 (Zhōujiāwān)
- 周密 (zhōumì)
- 周寨 (Zhōuzhài)
- 周巷 (Zhōuxiàng)
- 周年 (zhōunián)
- 周年視差/周年视差
- 周延 (zhōuyán)
- 周忌
- 周急 (zhōují)
- 周急繼乏/周急继乏
- 周恤
- 周情孔思
- 周折 (zhōuzhé)
- 周方
- 周旋 (zhōuxuán)
- 周旋到底
- 周易 (Zhōuyì)
- 周晬
- 周書/周书
- 周朝 (Zhōucháo)
- 周期彗星
- 周楊/周杨 (Zhōuyáng)
- 周樓/周楼 (Zhōulóu)
- 周正
- 周氏 (Zhōushì)
- 周波 (zhōubō)
- 周流 (zhōuliú)
- 周浹/周浃
- 周溪 (Zhōuxī)
- 周潭 (Zhōután)
- 周濟/周济 (zhōujì)
- 周率
- 周禮/周礼 (zhōulǐ)
- 周程張朱/周程张朱
- 周給/周给
- 周緣/周缘
- 周置
- 周老嘴 (Zhōulǎozuǐ)
- 周而不比
- 周而復始/周而复始 (zhōu'érfùshǐ)
- 周至 (Zhōuzhì)
- 周臺/周台 (Zhōutái)
- 周行
- 周衛/周卫
- 周覽/周览
- 周角 (zhōujiǎo)
- 周詳/周详 (zhōuxiáng)
- 周誥/周诰
- 周身 (zhōushēn)
- 周轉/周转 (zhōuzhuǎn)
- 周轉不靈/周转不灵
- 周遊/周游 (zhōuyóu)
- 周遍 (zhōubiàn)
- 周道
- 周遮
- 周遭 (zhōuzāo)
- 周邊/周边 (zhōubiān)
- 周邊設備/周边设备 (zhōubiān shèbèi)
- 周郎
- 周郎癖
- 周郎顧曲/周郎顾曲
- 周集 (Zhōují)
- 周章 (zhōuzhāng)
- 周章狼狽/周章狼狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)
- 周頌/周颂
- 周髀
- 四周 (sìzhōu)
- 圓周/圆周 (yuánzhōu)
- 圓周率/圆周率 (yuánzhōulǜ)
- 圓周角/圆周角 (yuánzhōujiǎo)
- 圓周運動/圆周运动 (yuánzhōu yùndòng)
- 夢周公/梦周公
- 大周 (Dàzhōu)
- 大費周折/大费周折
- 大費周章/大费周章 (dàfèizhōuzhāng)
- 如所周知
- 嫠憂宗周/嫠忧宗周
- 宗周
- 宗周鐘/宗周钟
- 宛轉周折/宛转周折
- 寬打周遭/宽打周遭
- 小周 (Xiǎozhōu)
- 岐周
- 後周/后周 (Hòuzhōu)
- 徐周 (Xúzhōu)
- 慮周行果/虑周行果
- 慮無不周/虑无不周
- 成周
- 新聞周刊/新闻周刊
- 智周
- 會合周期/会合周期
- 有周
- 朋黨比周/朋党比周
- 東周/东周 (Dōngzhōu)
- 比周
- 深文周納/深文周纳
- 煞費周章/煞费周章
- 牙周 (yázhōu)
- 牙周病 (yázhōubìng)
- 白馬歸周/白马归周
- 眾所周知/众所周知 (zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī)
- 禮數周到/礼数周到
- 莊周夢蝶/庄周梦蝶 (zhuāngzhōumèngdié)
- 西周 (Xīzhōu)
- 試周/试周
- 譙周獨笑/谯周独笑
- 費周章/费周章
- 逸周書/逸周书 (Yì Zhōu Shū)
- 顧曲周郎/顾曲周郎
References
[edit]- ^ Schwartz, A. (2019) The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary, Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, , →ISBN
- ^ Lin, Sen-Shou. 1995. “Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts.” Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 1919-2007. T, University of British Columbia. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0098998.
- ^ Hargett, James (2021) “Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China”, in Mair, Victor, editor, Sino-Platonic Papers, number 312
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 周 – see 週 (“week; circumference; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 週). |
Notes:
|
Usage notes
[edit]This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 周 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 周 | |
alternative forms | 舟 州 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zau1
- Yale: jāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzau1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]周
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “周”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00559
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 周 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
周 周 or 周+ ︀ ?
|
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周󠄀 周+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
周󠄃 周+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit](Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 周)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical); す (su)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)←しう (siu, historical)
- Kun: まわり (mawari, 周り, Jōyō)←まはり (mafari, 周り, historical); あまねく (amaneku, 周く); あまねし (amaneshi, 周し); めぐる (meguru, 周る)
- Nanori: あまね (amane); あまねし (amaneshi); いたる (itaru); かた (kata); かぬ (kanu); かね (kane); ただ (tada); ちか (chika); ちかし (chikashi); なり (nari); のり (nori); ひろし (hiroshi); まこと (makoto)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
周 |
しゅう Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 周 (MC tsyuw).
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
- 西周
- Nishi Amane
- Nishi Amane (Meiji period philosopher)
- 西周
References
[edit]- ^ “周”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Compounds
[edit]- 주위 (周圍, juwi)
- 주전 (周全, jujeon)
- 주년 (周年, junyeon)
- 주변 (周邊, jubyeon)
- 주파수 (周波數, jupasu)
- 주도면밀 (周到綿密, judomyeonmil)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]周: Hán Việt readings: chu[1][2], châu[3]
周: Nôm readings: chu[1][4][5], châu[1][5]
Usage notes
[edit]Chu is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, naming taboos for Nguyễn Phúc Chu (阮福淍) led to the reading Châu being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of u/âu sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use. [6]
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
- ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
- ^ Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Trần (2004).
- ^ Thiếu Khanh (2019 July 7) “Những từ “kỵ húy” của người Nam bộ”, in Nhạc Xưa Thời Báo[2]
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しゆ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading す
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まわ・り
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading まは・り
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あまね・く
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あまね・し
- Japanese kanji with kun reading めぐ・る
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あまね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あまねし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いたる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かた
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かぬ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
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