金
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]Han character
[edit]金 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109, composition ⿱𫢉䒑)
- Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/金
- 𠊄, 凎, 唫, 𫭾, 𫰾, 𫲧, 崯, 惍, 捦, 淦, 𬯉, 𪯧, 𣔋, 𬊝, 琻, 𫆤, 𥇶, 碒, 𥟨, 䘳, 𥺻, 䋮, 𫋆, 𫍀, 趛, 𩸱, 𪑙
- 崟, 菳, 𥦨, 𫅇, 蓥, 𥯀, 𦑕, 𧟴, 㕋, 𢉅, 㾣, 䦦, 𩰔, 淾
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1295, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
- Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91D1
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
金 | |
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alternative forms |
Chemical element | |
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Au | |
Previous: 鉑/铂 (bó) (Pt) | |
Next: 汞 (gǒng) (Hg) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gold-crystals.jpg/220px-Gold-crystals.jpg)
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 金 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krɯm) : semantic 王 (“upside-down axe”) + semantic 呂 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm). Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth ('象金在土中形') with 亼 as phonetic.
Originally referred to copper; later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Etymology
[edit]Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1
- Northern Min (KCR): géng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jin
- Wade–Giles: chin1
- Yale: jīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
- Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gam1
- Yale: gām
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam1
- Guangdong Romanization: gem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gim1 / gim1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kim³³/, /kim³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
- Hakka Romanization System: gimˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gim1
- Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- gim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- ging1 - Chenghai.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 金 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕin²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕin¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kim⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kim²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɐm⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kim⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kim³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kim²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kim
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/
Definitions
[edit]金
- (obsolete) copper (Cu)
- metal
- 合金 ― héjīn ― alloy
- metalware
- gold (Au)
- golden; blond
- (by extension) money; material wealth
- (historical) ancient currency unit
- (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
- respectful; precious
- 金玉良言 ― jīnyùliángyán ― precious advice
- Used in 金城 (jīnchéng).
- Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
- one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音 (-))
- metal, one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行 (-))
- (Cantonese, cant) fire; flame
- (Cantonese, cant) roasted
- (~朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
- (~朝, ~國) (historical) Synonym of 後金/后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 五金 (wǔjīn)
- 代金 (dàijīn)
- 佣金
- 保證金/保证金 (bǎozhèngjīn)
- 俸金 (fèngjīn)
- 八角金盤/八角金盘 (bājiǎojīnpán)
- 兼金
- 冷金
- 冶金 (yějīn)
- 出金 (chūjīn)
- 分金
- 前金 (Qiánjīn, “Cianjin”)
- 加菜金 (jiācàijīn)
- 勞金/劳金
- 包金 (bāojīn)
- 千金 (qiānjīn)
- 南金
- 卹金
- 合金 (héjīn)
- 吉金
- 吞金
- 基金 (jījīn)
- 堆金
- 塗金/涂金
- 子金 (zǐjīn)
- 寸金
- 尤金 (Yóujīn)
- 嵌金
- 平金
- 年金 (niánjīn)
- 彩金
- 後金/后金 (Hòujīn)
- 戧金/戗金
- 房金
- 押金 (yājīn)
- 揮金/挥金
- 描金
- 撈金/捞金
- 撿金/捡金 (jiǎnjīn)
- 斷金/断金
- 期金 (qījīn)
- 本金 (běnjīn)
- 板金 (bǎnjīn)
- 條金/条金
- 標金/标金 (biāojīn)
- 沙金 (shājīn)
- 泥金
- 流金
- 洋金
- 淘金 (táojīn)
- 漂金
- 烏金/乌金 (wūjīn)
- 燙金/烫金 (tàngjīn)
- 爍金/烁金
- 獎學金/奖学金 (jiǎngxuéjīn)
- 獎金/奖金 (jiǎngjīn)
- 獻金/献金 (xiànjīn)
- 現金/现金 (xiànjīn)
- 白金 (báijīn)
- 百金
- 真金 (zhēnjīn)
- 砂金 (shājīn)
- 碎金 (suìjīn)
- 祥金
- 禮金/礼金 (lǐjīn)
- 萬金/万金
- 租金 (zūjīn)
- 稅金/税金 (shuìjīn)
- 粉金
- 純金/纯金 (chúnjīn)
- 紫金 (zǐjīn)
- 罰金/罚金 (fájīn)
- 美金 (měijīn)
- 聘金 (pìnjīn)
- 股金 (gǔjīn)
- 脩金
- 茶金
- 薪金 (xīnjīn)
- 訂金/订金 (dìngjīn)
- 課金/课金 (kèjīn)
- 貼金/贴金 (tiējīn)
- 資金/资金 (zījīn)
- 賃金/赁金 (lìnjīn)
- 賞金/赏金 (shǎngjīn)
- 賻金/赙金
- 贖金/赎金 (shújīn)
- 赤金 (chìjīn)
- 足金 (zújīn)
- 蹙金
- 酎金 (zhòujīn)
- 酬金 (chóujīn)
- 醵金
- 重金 (zhòngjīn)
- 金不換/金不换 (jīnbùhuàn)
- 金丸 (jīnwán)
- 金丹 (jīndān)
- 金井
- 金交椅
- 金人
- 金仔
- 金代 (Jīndài)
- 金價/金价 (jīnjià)
- 金光 (jīnguāng)
- 金公
- 金冠 (jīnguān)
- 金刀
- 金剛/金刚 (jīngāng)
- 金剛努目/金刚努目
- 金剛石/金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
- 金剛石婚/金刚石婚
- 金剛砂/金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
- 金剛鑽/金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
- 金創/金创
- 金勒
- 金匠 (jīnjiàng)
- 金匱/金匮 (jīnguì)
- 金印
- 金口
- 金口玉言
- 金句 (jīnjù)
- 金史
- 金吾 (jīnwú)
- 金嗓子 (jīnsǎngzi)
- 金圓券/金圆券 (jīnyuánquàn)
- 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
- 金城 (jīnchéng)
- 金城湯池/金城汤池 (jīnchéngtāngchí)
- 金堂 (Jīntáng)
- 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
- 金塔 (jīntǎ)
- 金壺/金壶
- 金天 (jīntiān)
- 金奏
- 金奴
- 金婚 (jīnhūn)
- 金子 (jīnzi)
- 金字塔 (jīnzìtǎ)
- 金字招牌 (jīnzì zhāopái)
- 金字旁 (jīnzìpáng)
- 金字旁兒/金字旁儿
- 金家橋/金家桥 (Jīnjiāqiáo)
- 金寧/金宁 (Jīnníng)
- 金屋 (jīnwū)
- 金屬/金属 (jīnshǔ)
- 金屬陶瓷/金属陶瓷
- 金山 (jīnshān)
- 金峰 (Jīnfēng)
- 金峰路 (Jīnfēnglù)
- 金川 (Jīnchuān)
- 金工 (jīngōng)
- 金帛 (jīnbó)
- 金帶/金带
- 金幣/金币 (jīnbì)
- 金庭 (Jīntíng)
- 金庫/金库 (jīnkù)
- 金張/金张
- 金戈鐵馬/金戈铁马 (jīngētiěmǎ)
- 金文 (jīnwén)
- 金斗 (jīndǒu)
- 金旁
- 金昌 (Jīnchāng)
- 金星 (Jīnxīng)
- 金晃晃
- 金曜 (jīnyào)
- 金朝 (Jīncháo)
- 金本位 (jīnběnwèi)
- 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
- 金枝玉葉/金枝玉叶 (jīnzhīyùyè)
- 金柑 (jīngān)
- 金柝
- 金條/金条 (jīntiáo)
- 金棺
- 金榜 (jīnbǎng)
- 金槍魚/金枪鱼 (jīnqiāngyú)
- 金樽 (jīnzūn)
- 金橘 (jīnjú)
- 金檢/金检
- 金殼郎/金壳郎
- 金殿 (jīndiàn)
- 金母
- 金汁
- 金沙 (jīnshā)
- 金波
- 金泥
- 金油
- 金湖 (Jīnhú)
- 金港 (Jīngǎng)
- 金湯/金汤 (jīntāng)
- 金漆
- 金漿玉醴/金浆玉醴
- 金灶
- 金烏/金乌 (jīnwū)
- 金煌煌
- 金燦燦/金灿灿 (jīncàncàn)
- 金牌 (jīnpái)
- 金牛 (jīnniú)
- 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò)
- 金猊
- 金獎/金奖 (jīnjiǎng)
- 金玉 (jīnyù)
- 金玉滿堂/金玉满堂 (jīnyùmǎntáng)
- 金玉良言 (jīnyùliángyán)
- 金珠 (jīnzhū)
- 金璫/金珰
- 金環蛇/金环蛇 (jīnhuánshé)
- 金瓜 (jīnguā)
- 金甌/金瓯 (jīn'ōu)
- 金甲 (jīnjiǎ)
- 金瘍/金疡
- 金瘡/金疮 (jīnchuāng)
- 金盞花/金盏花
- 金盞花/金盏花
- 金盞草/金盏草 (jīnzhǎncǎo)
- 金相
- 金相玉質/金相玉质
- 金石 (jīnshí)
- 金碧
- 金碧輝煌/金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
- 金礦/金矿 (jīnkuàng)
- 金社 (Jīnshè)
- 金秋 (jīnqiū)
- 金科
- 金科玉律 (jīnkēyùlǜ)
- 金穴
- 金童
- 金筆/金笔
- 金箔 (jīnbó)
- 金箍棒 (jīngūbàng)
- 金粉
- 金粟 (jīnsù)
- 金精
- 金糕
- 金紅/金红
- 金素
- 金紫
- 金絲燕/金丝燕
- 金絲猴/金丝猴 (jīnsīhóu)
- 金絲雀/金丝雀 (jīnsīquè)
- 金綠玉/金绿玉
- 金縢
- 金缸城 (Jīngāngchéng)
- 金罍
- 金聲/金声
- 金腿 (jīntuǐ)
- 金臺/金台 (Jīntái)
- 金色 (jīnsè)
- 金華/金华 (Jīnhuá)
- 金葉/金叶
- 金蓮/金莲 (jīnlián)
- 金蓮兒/金莲儿
- 金蓮花/金莲花 (jīnliánhuā)
- 金蘭/金兰 (jīnlán)
- 金蛇
- 金融 (jīnróng)
- 金融危機/金融危机 (jīnróng wēijī)
- 金融寡頭/金融寡头 (jīnróng guǎtóu)
- 金融資本/金融资本 (jīnróng zīběn)
- 金蟲/金虫
- 金蟬脫殼/金蝉脱壳
- 金蟾 (jīnchán)
- 金衡 (jīnhéng)
- 金衣
- 金裝/金装
- 金言 (jīnyán)
- 金諾/金诺
- 金谷
- 金貂
- 金貴/金贵 (jīnguì)
- 金質/金质 (jīnzhì)
- 金身
- 金輪/金轮 (jīnlún)
- 金迷紙醉/金迷纸醉
- 金邊/金边 (Jīnbiān)
- 金都
- 金酒 (jīnjiǔ)
- 金針/金针 (jīnzhēn)
- 金針菜/金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
- 金針菇/金针菇 (jīnzhēngū)
- 金釭/金𮣲
- 金釧/金钏
- 金釵/金钗 (jīnchāi)
- 金鈿/金钿
- 金鉦/金钲 (jīnzhēng)
- 金鉤/金钩
- 金鈴子/金铃子
- 金銀/金银 (jīnyín)
- 金銀花/金银花 (jīnyínhuā)
- 金銀財寶/金银财宝 (jīnyíncáibǎo)
- 金鋪/金铺
- 金錢/金钱 (jīnqián)
- 金錢松/金钱松
- 金錢板/金钱板 (jīnqiánbǎn)
- 金錢草/金钱草 (jīnqiáncǎo)
- 金錢豹/金钱豹 (jīnqiánbào)
- 金鎖/金锁 (jīnsuǒ)
- 金鎊/金镑
- 金鏡/金镜
- 金鏤/金镂
- 金鐘兒/金钟儿
- 金鐲/金镯
- 金鑪/金𬬻
- 金鑰匙/金钥匙 (jīnyàoshi)
- 金鑾/金銮
- 金鑾殿/金銮殿
- 金門/金门 (Jīnmén)
- 金閃閃/金闪闪
- 金閨/金闺
- 金闕/金阙 (jīnquè)
- 金陵 (Jīnlíng)
- 金雕 (jīndiāo)
- 金雞/金鸡 (jīnjī)
- 金雞獨立/金鸡独立
- 金霓
- 金面
- 金革
- 金鞍 (jīn'ān)
- 金額/金额 (jīn'é)
- 金風/金风 (jīnfēng)
- 金飯碗/金饭碗
- 金飾/金饰 (jīnshì)
- 金馬/金马 (jīnmǎ)
- 金馬玉堂/金马玉堂 (Jīnmǎ Yùtáng)
- 金髮/金发 (jīnfà)
- 金魚/金鱼 (jīnyú)
- 金魚草/金鱼草 (jīnyúcǎo)
- 金魚藻/金鱼藻 (jīnyúzǎo)
- 金魚蟲/金鱼虫
- 金鴨/金鸭
- 金黃/金黄 (jīnhuáng)
- 金黴素/金霉素 (jīnméisù)
- 金鼓 (jīngǔ)
- 金龜/金龟 (jīnguī)
- 金龜子/金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
- 銷金/销金 (xiāojīn)
- 錯金/错金 (cuòjīn)
- 錫金/锡金 (Xījīn)
- 鍍金/镀金 (dùjīn)
- 鎦金/镏金 (liújīn)
- 鑠金/铄金
- 開金/开金 (kāijīn)
- 飾金/饰金
- 餅金/饼金
- 館金/馆金
- 馬丁·路德·金紀念日/马丁·路德·金纪念日 (Mǎdīng Lùdé Jīn Jìniànrì)
- 鬱金/郁金 (yùjīn)
- 鳴金/鸣金 (míngjīn)
- 麩金/麸金 (fūjīn)
- 黃金/黄金 (huángjīn)
- 黃金洞/黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
- 黑金 (hēijīn)
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)
- → Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)
- → Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)
- → Zhuang: gim (“gold”)
- → Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)
References
[edit]- “Entry #4506”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- “金”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)
- Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)
- Kun: かね (kane, 金, Jōyō); かな (kana, 金, Jōyō †); こがね (kogane, 金)
- Nanori: か (ka)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
きん Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Au | |
Previous: 白金 (Pt) | |
Next: 水銀 (Hg) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gold-crystals.jpg/220px-Gold-crystals.jpg)
/kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- gold (Au)
- money
- 金一封をもらった。 ― kin ippū o moratta. ― I received a gift of money.
- Short for 金属 (kinzoku): metal
- (shogi) Short for 金将 (kinshō): a gold general
- metal as one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
- Short for 金曜日 (kin’yōbi): Friday
Derived terms
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 金塊 (kinkai)
- 金額 (kingaku)
- 金魚 (kingyo)
- 金字塔 (kinjitō)
- 金星 (Kinsei)
- 金銭 (kinsen)
- 金属 (kinzoku)
- 金泥 (kindei)
- 金団 (kinton)
- 金帛 (kinpaku)
- 金箔 (kinpaku)
- 金髪 (kinpatsu)
- 金融 (kin'yū)
- 金曜 (kin'yō)
- 益金 (ekikin, “profit, proceeds”)
- 換金 (kankin)
- 現金 (genkin)
- 国庫金 (kokkokin, “treasury funds”, as of the central government)
- 合金 (gōkin)
- 砂金 (sakin)
- 資金 (shikin)
- 資本金 (shihonkin)
- 借入金 (shakunyūkin, “borrowed money, debt/loan payable”)
- 賞金 (shōkin)
- 上金 (jōkin)
- 千金 (senkin)
- 代金 (daikin)
- 賃金 (chingin)
- 年金 (nenkin)
- 白金 (hakkin)
- 半金属 (hankinzoku)
- 板金, 鈑金 (bankin)
- 非金属 (hikinzoku)
- 引当金 (hikiatekin, “provision, reserves”)
- 滅金 (mekkin)
- 冶金 (yakin)
- 預金 (yokin)
- 料金 (ryōkin)
- 錬金術 (renkinjutsu)
Proper noun
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
こん Grade: 1 |
goon |
/komʉ/ → /koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
かね Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
銀 銅 鉄 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/250px-Hot_metalwork.jpg)
From Old Japanese.
Possibly derived from unbound prefix kana- fused with い (i, nominal particle). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with terms with a ka- stem pertaining to “hardness”?”)
The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- metal
- Synonym: 金属 (kinzoku)
- (impolite) Clipping of お金 (okane): money
- (colloquial) Short for 曲尺 (kanejaku): a carpenter’s square
- (colloquial) Short for 金物 (kanamono) or 金具 (kanagu): metal fittings
- Short for 金性 (kaneshō): fineness of gold metal, compare English karat
- Synonym of 金箔 (kinpaku): gold leaf
Usage notes
[edit]The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.
Derived terms
[edit]- 金網 (kanaami)
- 金色 (kanairo)
- 鍛冶 (kaji)
- 金型 (kanegata, “die, mould”)
- 金具 (kanagu)
- 金串 (kanagushi)
- 金轡 (kanagutsuwa)
- 金沢 (Kanazawa)
- 金縛り (kanashibari)
- 金槌 (kanazuchi)
- 金床 (kanatoko)
- 鉄棒 (kanabō)
- 金目 (kaneme)
- 金山 (kanayama)
- 銅 (akagane)
- 上げ金 (agegane, “tribute paid by general commoners to daimyō in feudal Japan”)
- 鋇 (atsugane)
- 粗金 (aragane)
- 板金 (itagane)
- 裏金 (uragane)
- 帯金 (obigane)
- 切り金 (kirigane)
- 截り金 (kirigane)
- 鉄 (kurogane)
- 小金 (kogane)
- 黄金 (kogane)
- 地金 (jigane)
- 銀 (shirogane)
- 筋金 (sujigane)
- 鑽 (tagane)
- 鋼 (hagane)
- 針金 (harigane)
- 眼鏡 (megane)
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
こがね Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 金 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 金, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 金 (MC kim).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 금 (Yale: kùm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 쇠〮 (Yale: swóy) | 금 (Yale: kùm) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯm]
- Phonetic hangul: [금]
Hanja
[edit]- Hanja form? of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“money”). [suffix]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).
Compounds
[edit]- 갹금 (醵金, gyakgeum)
- 거금 (巨金, geogeum)
- 거금 (醵金, geogeum)
- 금고 (金庫, geumgo)
- 금리 (金利, geumni)
- 금박 (金箔, geumbak)
- 금발 (金髪, geumbal)
- 금성 (金星, geumseong)
- 금속 (金屬, geumsok)
- 금융 (金融, geumyung)
- 금전 (金錢, geumjeon)
- 금품 (金品, geumpum)
- 과금 (課金, gwageum)
- 기금 (基金, gigeum)
- 대금 (代金, daegeum)
- 도금 (鍍金, dogeum)
- 모금 (募金, mogeum)
- 만금 (萬金, man'geum)
- 백금 (白金, baekgeum)
- 벌금 (罰金, beolgeum)
- 상금 (賞金, sanggeum)
- 세금 (稅金, segeum)
- 송금 (送金, songgeum)
- 연금 (年金, yeon'geum)
- 예금 (預金, yegeum)
- 요금 (料金, yogeum)
- 원금 (元金, won'geum)
- 임금 (賃金, imgeum)
- 입금 (入金, ipgeum)
- 자금 (資金, jageum)
- 저금 (貯金, jeogeum)
- 판금 (板金, pan'geum)
- 합금 (合金, hapgeum)
- 헌금 (獻金, heon'geum)
- 현금 (現金, hyeon'geum)
- 황금 (黃金, hwanggeum)
- 과징금 (課徵金, gwajinggeum)
- 금강산 (金剛山, Geumgangsan)
- 금요일 (金曜日, geumyoil)
- 금자탑 (金字塔, geumjatap)
- 기부금 (寄附金, gibugeum)
- 등록금 (登錄金, deungnokgeum)
- 범칙금 (犯則金, beomchikgeum)
- 보조금 (補助金, bojogeum)
- 비자금 (祕資金, bijageum)
- 잉여금 (剩餘金, ing'yeogeum)
- 장학금 (奬學金, janghakgeum)
- 중금속 (重金屬, junggeumsok)
- 추징금 (追徵金, chujinggeum)
- 후원금 (後援金, huwon'geum)
Etymology 2
[edit]Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kim]
- Phonetic hangul: [김]
Hanja
[edit]金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Old Japanese
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 思金神 (Omo₂pi₁kane no₂ kami₂)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Japonic *kanai.
Possibly derived from unbound prefix kana- stemmed with nominal particle い (i). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
[edit]金 (kane) (kana かね)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- > Japanese: 金 (kane) (inherited)
Etymology 2
[edit]From 黃 (ku, “yellow”) + 金 (kane, “metal”).
Noun
[edit]金 (kugane) (kana くがね)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 黄金 (kogane)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]金: Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3]
金: Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4], ghim[3][5], câm[2], găm[3], ghim[4]
Compounds
[edit]References
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