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This is an incomplete list of astronauts who are resident in any of the countries of Europe, who have reached Earth's orbit, exclusive of the former Soviet republics of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. People who are "space tourists" rather than working astronauts may be included, indicated by italics.
EAC = European Astronaut Corps
Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov (Intercosmos) — Soyuz TM-5 
Patrick Baudry, second Frenchman in space, born in Douala, Cameroon — STS-51-G 
Ivan Bella, first Slovak in space — Soyuz TM-29/28 
Maurizio Cheli, EAC — STS-75 Jean-Loup Chrétien, CNES (Intercosmos), first French person in space and first non-Soviet European to walk in space — Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6, STS-86 Jean-François Clervoy, EAC — STS-66, STS-84, STS-103 Samantha Cristoforetti, EAC — Soyuz TMA-15M (Expedition 42, SpaceX Crew-4 (Expedition 67)
Frank De Winne, EAC — Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-15 
Pedro Duque, EAC, first Spaniard in space — STS-95, Soyuz TMA-3/2 
Reinhold Ewald, EAC — Soyuz TM-25/24 Léopold Eyharts, EAC — Soyuz TM-27/26, STS-122/123 
Bertalan Farkas (Intercosmos), first Hungarian in space — Soyuz 36/35 Jean-Jacques Favier, born in Kehl, Germany — STS-78 Klaus-Dietrich Flade — Soyuz TM-14/13 Dirk Frimout, first Belgian in space — STS-45 
Christer Fuglesang, EAC, first Swede in space — STS-116, STS-128 Reinhard Furrer, born in Wörgl, Austria (1940–1995) — STS-61-A (flew for West Germany) Umberto Guidoni, EAC, first European on the International Space Station — STS-75, STS-100 Claudie André-Deshays Haigneré 
, EAC, first Frenchwoman in space (Mir, 1996) — Soyuz TM-24/23, Soyuz TM-33/32 Jean-Pierre Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-17/16, Soyuz TM-29 
Mirosław Hermaszewski (Intercosmos), first Pole in space — Soyuz 30 Georgi Ivanov (Intercosmos), first Bulgarian in space — Soyuz 33 Sigmund Jähn (Intercosmos), first German in space — Soyuz 31/29 (flew for East Germany) [1] 
André Kuipers, EAC — Soyuz TMA-4/3 Franco Malerba, first Italian in space — STS-46 Matthias Maurer, SpaceX Crew-3 Ulf Merbold, EAC — STS-9, STS-42, Soyuz TM-20/19 (flew for both West Germany and united Germany) Ernst Messerschmid — STS-61-A (flew for West Germany)
Andreas Mogensen, EAC, first Dane in space — Soyuz TMA-18M, SpaceX Crew-7 Paolo A. Nespoli, EAC — STS-120 
Claude Nicollier, EAC, first Swiss in space — STS-46, STS-61, STS-75, STS-103 Wubbo Ockels, EAC, first Dutchman in space — STS-61-A Luca Parmitano, EAC — Soyuz TMA-09M (Expedition 36 ) Philippe Perrin, EAC, born in Meknes, Morocco — STS-111 Thomas Pesquet, EAC, — ISS 
Dumitru Prunariu (Intercosmos), first Romanian in space — Soyuz 40 Thomas Reiter, EAC, first German to walk in space and first ESA astronaut to stay on the ISS — Soyuz TM-22, STS-121/116 
Vladimír Remek (Intercosmos), first Czech and first non-Soviet European in space — Soyuz 28 Hans Schlegel, EAC — STS-55, STS-122 
Helen Sharman , first Briton in space — Soyuz TM-12/11 Mark Shuttleworth , second "space tourist" and first South African in space — Soyuz TM-34/33 Gerhard Thiele, EAC — STS-99 Michel Tognini, EAC — Soyuz TM-15/14, STS-93 
Franz Viehböck, first Austrian in space — Soyuz TM-13/12 Roberto Vittori, EAC — Soyuz TM-34/33, Soyuz TMA-6/5 Ulrich Walter — STS-55 Walter Villadei — Axiom Mission 3 / 
Marcus Wandt, EAC — Axiom Mission 3 (2024)
Alper Gezeravcı — Axiom Mission 3 (2024)Other European astronauts now residing or holding citizenship outside Europe include:
Michael Foale, born in Louth, England, dual British and American citizen. Nicholas Patrick, born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, England. Piers Sellers, born in Crowborough, England. Resident in US, died 2016. Charles Simonyi , born in Budapest, Hungary. Fifth space tourist. Lodewijk van den Berg, born in Sluiskil, Netherlands. Resident in US, died 2022.
Michael López-Alegría is an astronaut, test pilot and commercial astronaut with dual nationality, American and Spanish; a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one International Space Station mission. He is known for having performed ten spacewalks so far in his career, presently holding the second longest all-time EVA duration record and having the fifth-longest spaceflight of any American at the length of 215 days; this time was spent on board the ISS from September 18, 2006, to April 21, 2007. López-Alegría commanded Axiom-1, the first ever all-private team of commercial astronaut mission to the International Space Station, which launched on April 8, 2022, and spent just over 17 days in Earth's orbit.
Koichi Wakata is a Japanese engineer and an astronaut working for Axiom Space. He retired from JAXA in 2024. Wakata is a veteran of four NASA Space Shuttle missions, a Russian Soyuz mission, and a long-duration stay on the International Space Station. During a nearly two-decade career in spaceflight, he has logged more than eleven months in space. During Expedition 39, he became the first Japanese commander of the International Space Station. Wakata flew on the Soyuz TMA-11M/Expedition 38/Expedition 39 long duration spaceflight from 7 November 2013 to 13 May 2014. During this spaceflight he was accompanied by Kirobo, the first humanoid robot astronaut. As of 2023, he is the longest active astronaut in the world.
Brigadier Roberto Vittori, OMRI is an Italian Air Force officer and an ESA astronaut. After graduating from the Italian Accademia Aeronautica in 1989, Vittori flew in the Italian Air Force. He then trained as a test pilot in the United States.
The Italian Space Agency is a government agency established in 1988 to fund, regulate and coordinate space exploration activities in Italy. The agency cooperates with numerous national and international entities who are active in aerospace research and technology.
The German astronaut team was established in 1987. Before the establishment of the team, then-West German astronauts were selected for single missions, or as part of the European Space Agency's crewed spaceflight activities. East Germany had its first cosmonaut, Sigmund Jähn; Jähn was both West and East Germany's first citizen in space when he departed from Baikonur in the Soviet Union in August and returned to Earth in September 1978. West and East Germany reunified in 1990 and the astronaut team became representative of a single German nation.
The European Astronaut Corps is a unit of the European Space Agency (ESA) that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members on U.S. and Russian space missions. The corps has 13 active members, able to serve on the International Space Station (ISS). The European Astronaut Corps is based at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. They can be assigned to various projects both in Europe or elsewhere in the world, at NASA Johnson Space Center or Star City.
Akihiko Hoshide is a Japanese engineer, JAXA astronaut, and former commander of the International Space Station. On August 30, 2012, Hoshide became the third Japanese astronaut to walk in space.
Michael Reed Barratt is an American physician and a NASA astronaut. Specializing in aerospace medicine, he served as a flight surgeon for NASA before his selection as an astronaut and has played a role in developing NASA's space medicine programs for both the Shuttle-Mir Program and International Space Station. His first spaceflight was a long-duration mission to the International Space Station, as a flight engineer in the Expedition 19 and 20 crew. In March 2011, Barratt completed his second spaceflight as a crew member of STS-133. Barratt pilots the SpaceX Crew-8 mission that launched on 4 March 2024.
NASA Astronaut Group 17, were chosen by NASA in 1998 and announced on June 4 of that year. The group of 32 candidates included eight pilots, 17 mission specialists, and seven international mission specialists who became NASA astronauts. They began training in August 1998.
Expedition 27 was the 27th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS), starting on 16 March 2011. Expedition 27 saw numerous notable events, including the undocking of the Progress M-09M and Kounotori 2 spacecraft, the arrival of the Soyuz TMA-21 and Progress M-10M spacecraft, and the final rendezvous with the ISS of NASA's Space Shuttle Endeavour, on its last mission, STS-134. The expedition ended on 23 May 2011 with the departure of the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft, although command of the station was ceremonially handed over to the crew of Expedition 28 on 22 May.
NASA Astronaut Group 19 was a NASA spaceflight team that saw the training of two pilots, six mission specialists, three educator mission specialists to become NASA astronauts. These 11 astronauts began training in 2004. This was the last group to fly the Space Shuttle.
Soyuz MS-20 was a Russian Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) on 8–20 December 2021. Unlike previous Soyuz flights to the ISS, Soyuz MS-20 did not deliver any crew members for an ISS Expedition or serve as a lifeboat for any crew members on board the station. Instead, it was commanded by a single professional cosmonaut and carried two space tourists represented by company Space Adventures, which had executed eight space tourism missions to the ISS in 2001–9. The flight to reach the ISS took six hours.