侵
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]侵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人尸一水 (OSME), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻𠬶)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 646
- Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 166, character 12
- Unihan data for U+4FB5
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 侵 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person”) + 帚 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – a person with a broom in hand.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 侵 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 侵 | |
2nd round simp. | ⿰亻彐 | |
alternative forms | 㑴 𢔀 |
Two Sino-Tibetan etymologies are possible:
- Cognate with Tibetan སྟིམ་པ (stim pa, “to enter; to penetrate”), Tibetan ཐིམ་པ (thim pa, “to dissolve; to disappear; absorbed”), though the two terms agree just as well with 浸 (OC *ʔsims, *sʰim) (Schuessler, 2007), or
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *syim (“sweep”) (STEDT); cognate with Anong śim (“to sweep”), Lhao Vo śam (“to sweep”), Burmese သိမ်း (sim:, “to gather in; to take possession of”). Note the graph 侵 shows a broom (帚) which may carry a semantic function (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cam1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîm
- Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cin
- Wade–Giles: chʻin1
- Yale: chīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
- Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cam1
- Yale: chām
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsam1
- Guangdong Romanization: cem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm
- Hakka Romanization System: qimˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qim1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 侵 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰin¹³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰiə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰin⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡sʰaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰin¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡sʰin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sim²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐm⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡seiŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sim²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tshim
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ][i]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰim/
Definitions
[edit]侵
- (literary) to gradually go in
- to invade; to encroach
- 侵略 ― qīnlüè ― to invade
- 四年春,齊侯以諸侯之師侵蔡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sì nián chūn, Qí hóu yǐ zhūhóu zhī shī qīn Cài. [Pinyin]
- In this year, in spring, the marquis of Qi, with the forces of many of the princes, made an incursion into Cai.
四年春,齐侯以诸侯之师侵蔡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- approaching
- 侵晨 ― qīnchén ― the approach of daybreak
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 互不侵犯
- 侵事
- 侵佔/侵占 (qīnzhàn)
- 侵侮
- 侵傍
- 侵入 (qīnrù)
- 侵凌 (qīnlíng)
- 侵削
- 侵剝百端/侵剥百端
- 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
- 侵占罪
- 侵吞 (qīntūn)
- 侵哄
- 侵噬
- 侵奪/侵夺
- 侵官
- 侵害 (qīnhài)
- 侵尋/侵寻 (qīnxún)
- 侵徹力/侵彻力
- 侵掠 (qīnlüè)
- 侵擾/侵扰 (qīnrǎo)
- 侵早
- 侵星
- 侵晨 (qīnchén)
- 侵暴
- 侵曉/侵晓 (qīnxiǎo)
- 侵權行為/侵权行为 (qīnquán xíngwéi)
- 侵淫
- 侵漁/侵渔
- 侵瀆/侵渎
- 侵牟
- 侵犯 (qīnfàn)
- 侵用
- 侵略 (qīnlüè)
- 侵略主義/侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
- 侵略者 (qīnlüèzhě)
- 侵肌透骨
- 侵蝕/侵蚀 (qīnshí)
- 侵蝕作用/侵蚀作用
- 侵蝕基準/侵蚀基准
- 侵蝕平原/侵蚀平原
- 侵蝕循環/侵蚀循环
- 侵襲/侵袭 (qīnxí)
- 侵越 (qīnyuè)
- 侵陵 (qīnlíng)
- 入侵 (rùqīn)
- 冷語侵人/冷语侵人
- 匈奴入侵
- 大侵
- 大舉入侵/大举入侵
- 幕侵天
- 廝侵/厮侵
- 性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
- 死臨侵/死临侵
- 略地侵城
- 百毒不侵 (bǎidúbùqīn)
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 侵 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 侵 | |
alternative forms | 摻/掺 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cam1
- Yale: chām
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsam1
- Guangdong Romanization: cem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]侵 (Cantonese)
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 侵 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
侵󠄁 侵+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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侵󠄃 侵+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]侵
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kun: おかす (okasu, 侵す, Jōyō)
References
[edit]- ^ “侵”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]侵 (eum 침 (chim))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]侵: Hán Nôm readings: xâm, xăm, xơm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おか・す
- Korean lemmas
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