Go to the page content
IMC

Meça seu IMC com a calculadora de IMC

O índice de massa corporal (IMC) é uma maneira de medir o tamanho do corpo. É uma ferramenta utilizada para estimar a quantidade de gordura corporal e identificar a obesidade e os riscos à saúde associados. Ele pode ser calculado com uma calculadora de IMC e classifica as pessoas como sendo abaixo do peso, acima do peso e obesas com base em sua altura e peso. 

3 mín. de leitura

Veja o seu IMC e os riscos que podem ocorrer na sua saúde

Calculadora de IMC Verifique seu IMC agora

Você pode fazer uso da calculadora de IMC disponível aqui para calcular o seu IMC, ao dividir o seu peso em kg pela sua altura em metros ao quadrado, e então comparar o seu resultado com as faixas de IMC. Insira sua altura e peso e verifique seus resultados na tabela abaixo. Clique em uma classe de IMC para saber mais.
 

Classificação IMC
Abaixo do Peso Abaixo de 18.5
Peso Normal 18.5-24.9
Sobrepeso 25.0-29.9
Obesidade 30 e acima
Classe I 30.0-34.9
Classe II 35.0-39.9
Classe III 40 e acima

*Essa calculadora de IMC é para adultos com 20 anos ou mais. Converse com seu médico sobre seu IMC se você tiver menos de 20 anos de idade.

 

Por que é importante saber o IMC?

O IMC é uma boa maneira de verificar seu risco de desenvolver doenças relacionadas à gordura corporal. Viver com sobrepeso ou obesidade está associado a um risco aumentado de mortalidade e outras doenças ou condições. Em geral, quanto maior o IMC, maior o risco de desenvolver outras doenças crônicas relacionadas à obesidade, que incluem:

  • Diabetes tipo 2
  • Doença cardiovascular
  • Acidente vascular cerebral
  • Pressão arterial elevada
  • Infertilidade
  • Depressão e ansiedade
  • Doença cardíaca coronariana
  • Dislipidemia
  • Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA)/esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA)
  • Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)
  • Síndrome metabólica (SMet)
  • Incontinência urinária
  • Apneia obstrutiva do sono e problemas respiratórios
  • Doença renal crônica
  • Vários tipos de câncer, como por exemplo, câncer de mama, cólon, endométrio, esôfago, rim, ovário e pâncreas.
  • Osteoartrite do joelho
  • Doença de cálculos biliares
  • Trombose
  • Gota
  • Maior risco de mortalidade em comparação com pessoas que possuem um IMC dentro da faixa considerada saudável.

Peça mais informações ao seu médico sobre qualquer uma dessas doenças e sobre como elas se relacionam com o seu IMC. Você também pode saber mais sobre os benefícios para a saúde da perda de peso aqui.
 

Quais são os limites do IMC?

O IMC pode não ser totalmente preciso em alguns casos. Pesquisas mostram que o IMC é menos preciso na previsão do risco de doenças em idosos, atletas, pessoas altas ou baixas ou com corpos mais musculosos. Por exemplo, atletas de elite ou fisiculturistas têm mais músculos e pesam mais, o que aumenta o IMC.

O IMC também não leva em consideração:

  • Fatores de risco hereditários associados a doenças relacionadas à obesidade, como síndrome metabólica
  • Fatores ambientais e de estilo de vida além da obesidade que podem contribuir para o seu risco de desenvolver doenças crônicas
  • Como a gordura corporal é distribuída nos indivíduos 

É importante lembrar que viver com obesidade não significa necessariamente que você não é saudável, assim como estar com um peso “normal” não significa necessariamente que você é saudável. Seu IMC não define você, mas conhecer e entender seu IMC pode ser uma ferramenta poderosa para assumir o controle de sua própria saúde.

Independentemente do seu IMC, os profissionais da saúde recomendam uma dieta e estilo de vida saudáveis. Converse com seu médico sobre seu peso e avalie quais ações podem ser necessárias. 
 

Referências
  • Rueda-Clausen, C F et al, “Assessment of People Living with Obesity,” Can. Adult Obes. Clin. Pract. Guidel., pp. 1–17, 2020, [Online]. Disponível: http://obesitycanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6-Obesity-Assessment-v5-with-links.pdf.
  • Yumuk, V et al, “European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults” Obes Facts. 2015 Dec; 8(6): 402–424. Publicado on-line em 5 de dezembro de 2015 . doi: 10.1159/000442721.
  • Garvey, W T et al, “American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.” Endocrine Practice 2016;22:1–203. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4158/EP161365.GL
  • Guh, D P et al, “The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Public Health, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 88, 2009, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-88.
  • Prospective Studies Collaboration, “Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies,” Lancet, vol. 373, no. 9669, pp. 1083–1096, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.
  • “Obesity Screening – Medline Plus, U.S. National Library of Medicine” Disponível: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/.
  • “Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Association – U.S. Department of Health & Human Services” Disponível: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm.
  • Hussain, A et al, “Type 2 Diabetes and obesity: A review” Journal of Diabetology, June 2010; 2:1.
  • Katzmarzyk, P T et al, “Body mass index and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality” Can. J. Public Health, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 147–151, 2012, doi: 10.1007/BF03404221.
  • Kurth, T et al, “Prospective Study of Body Mass Index and Risk of Stroke in Apparently Healthy Women,” Circulation, vol. 111, no. 15, pp. 1992–1998, Apr. 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161822.83163.B6.
  • Landi, F et al, “Body Mass Index is Strongly Associated with Hypertension: Results from the Longevity Check-Up 7+ Study” Nutrients. 2018 Dec; 10(12): 1976. Publicado on-line em 13 de dezembro de 2018.. doi: 10.3390/nu10121976.
  • Dağ, Z Ö et al, “Impact of obesity on infertility in women,” J. Turkish Ger. Gynecol. Assoc., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 111–117, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2015.15232.
  • Moussa, O M et al, “Effect of body mass index on depression in a UK cohort of 363037 obese patients: A longitudinal analysis of transition,” Clin. Obes., vol. 9, no. 3, p. e12305, Jun. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12305.
  • Zhao, G et al, “Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index,” Int. J. Obes., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 257–266, 2009, doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.268.
  • Lamon-Fava, S et al, “Impact of Body Mass Index on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Men and Women,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1509–1515, Dec. 1996, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.16.12.1509.
  • Van Hemelrijck, M et al, “Longitudinal study of body mass index, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in 60,000 men and women in Sweden and Austria” Published: June 13, 2018https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197830.
  • Loomis, A K et al, “Body Mass Index and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Two Electronic Health Record Prospective Studies,” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 945–952, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3444.
  • Zafar, S et al, “Correlation of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms with body mass index,” Saudi J. Gastroenterol., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 53–57, Apr. 2008, doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.39618.
  • Han, T S et al, “A clinical perspective of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease,” JRSM Cardiovasc. Dis., vol. 5, pp. 2048004016633371–2048004016633371, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1177/2048004016633371.
  • Subak, L L et al, “Obesity and Urinary Incontinence: Epidemiology and Clinical Research Update” J Urol. 2009 Dec; 182(6 Suppl): S2–S7 doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.071.
  • Romero-Corral, A et al, “Interactions Between Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Implications for Treatment” Chest. 2010 Mar; 137(3): 711–719. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0360.
  • Herrington, W G et al, “Body-mass index and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: Prospective analyses from a primary care cohort of 1.4 million adults in England,” PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 3, p. e0173515, Mar. 2017, [Online]. Disponível em : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173515.
  • Bhaskaran, K et al, “Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5.24 million UK adults,” Lancet, vol. 384, no. 9945, pp. 755–765, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8.
  • Zheng, H et al, “Body mass index and risk of knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies,” BMJ Open, vol. 5, no. 12, 2015, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007568.
  • Su, Y P et al, “Strong association between metabolically-abnormal obesity and gallstone disease in adults under 50 years” BMC Gastroenterol 19, 117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-1032-y.
  • Yang, G et al, “The effects of obesity on venous thromboembolism: A review” Open J Prev Med. 2012 Nov; 2(4): 499–509. doi: 10.4236/ojpm.2012.24069.
  • Bai, L et al, “Incident gout and weight change patterns: a retrospective cohort study of US adults” Arthritis Res Ther. 2021; 23: 69. Publicado on-line em 2 de marco de 2021. doi: 10.1186/s13075-021-02461-7.
  • Klatsky, A L et al, “Body Mass Index and Mortality in a Very Large Cohort: Is It Really Healthier to Be Overweight?,” Perm. J., vol. 21, pp. 16–142, 2017, doi: 10.7812/TPP/16-142.
  • Heymsfield, S B et al, “Why are there race/ethnic differences in adult body mass index-adiposity relationships? A quantitative critical review,” Obes. Rev., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 262–275, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1111/obr.12358.
  • “Ethnic Differences in BMI and Disease Risk | Obesity Prevention Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/ethnic-differences-in-bmi-and-disease-risk/
  • Cossrow, N et al, “Race/Ethnic Issues in Obesity and Obesity-Related Comorbidities,” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 2590–2594, Jun. 2004, doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0339.
  • “Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies – Public Health – WHO international” Available: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/bmi_asia_strategies.pdf.
  • Deurenberg-Yap, M et al, “The paradox of low body mass index and high body fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.” Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Aug;24(8):1011-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801353. PMID: 10951540.
  • Valentino, G et al, “Body fat and its relationship with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors” Nutr Hosp. 2015;31(5):2253-2260 ISSN 0212-1611 • CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R. 318.
  • Lear, S A et al, “Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with INS Resistance” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 94, Issue 12, 1 December 2009, Pages 4696–4702, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1030.
  • Tillin, T et al, “The relationship between metabolic risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease in Europeans, South Asians, and African Caribbeans: SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) -- a prospective population-based study,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., vol. 61, no. 17, pp. 1777–1786, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.12.046.
  • Tanne, D et al, “Body Fat Distribution and Long-Term Risk of Stroke Mortality” Stroke. Publicado originalmente em 31 de março de 2005 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000162584.39366.1c.
  • Chen, Y et al, “Association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease mortality in east Asians and south Asians: pooled analysis of prospective data from the Asia Cohort Consortium,” BMJ Br. Med. J., vol. 347, p. f5446, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1136/bmj.f5446.
  • Wen, C P et al, “Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians” Public Health Nutrition, 12(4), 497-506. doi:10.1017/S1368980008002802.
  • J. S. for the S. of O. The Examination Committee of Criteria for `Obesity Disease’ in Japan, “New Criteria for `Obesity Disease’ in Japan,” Circ. J., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 987–992, 2002, doi: 10.1253/circj.66.987.
  • Zheng, W et al, “Association between Body-Mass Index and Risk of Death in More Than 1 Million Asians,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 364, no. 8, pp. 719–729, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010679.
  • Aekplakorn, W et al, “Obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors in Thai adults.” Int J Obes 30, 1782–1790 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803346.
  • Choi, S E et al, “Do Risk Factors Explain the Increased Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Among California Asian Adults?” J Immigr Minor Health. 2011; 13(5): 803–808. Publicado on-line em 9 de outubro de 2010. doi: 10.1007/s10903-010-9397-6
  • Swinburn, B et al, “Body size and composition in Polynesians” Int J Obes 23, 1178–1183 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801053.
  • Young, D R et al, “Associations of overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status with hypertension prevalence across racial and ethnic groups,” J. Clin. Hypertens., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 532–540, Mar. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13217.
  • Maskarinec, G et al, “Diabetes Prevalence and Body Mass Index Differ by Ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort” Ethn Dis. 2009; 19(1): 49–55. PMCID: PMC2702477
  • Aleman-Mateo, H et al, “Elderly Mexicans have less muscle and greater total and truncel fat compared to African-Americans and Caucasians with the same BMI” J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Dec; 13(10): 919. doi: 10.1007/s12603-009-0252-1.
  • Cossrow, N et al, “Race/Ethnic Issues in Obesity and Obesity-Related Comorbidities” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 89, Issue 6, 1 June 2004, Pages 2590–2594, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0339.
  • Berber, A et al, “Anthropometric indexes in the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in a Mexican population,” Int. J. Obes., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1794–1799, 2001, doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801827.
  • Chirinos, D A et al, “Defining Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the U.S.: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)” Diabetes Care Aug 2020, 43 (8) 1774-1780; DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1855.
  • Elo, I T et al, “The Contribution of Weight Status to Black-White Differences in Mortality” Biodemography Soc Biol. 2017; 63(3): 206–220. doi: 10.1080/19485565.2017.1300519.
  • “9 The evidence | BMI: preventing ill health and premature death in black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups | Guidance | NICE.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph46/chapter/9-The-evidence.
  • Alammar, M et al, “Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) When Diagnosing Obesity in a Saudi Adult Population in a Primary Care Setting, Cross Sectional, Retrospective Study” Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020; 13: 2515–2520. Publicado on-line em 14 de julho de 2020. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S263063
  • Bennet, L et al, “BMI and waist circumference cut-offs for corresponding levels of INS sensitivity in a Middle Eastern immigrant versus a native Swedish population – the MEDIM population based study” BMC Public Health. 2016; 16: 1242. Publicado on-line em 9 de dezembro de 2016. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3892-1
  • Al-Raddadi, R et al, “The prevalence of obesity and overweight, associated demographic and lifestyle factors, and health status in the adult population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,” Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis., vol. 10, p. 2040622319878997, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1177/2040622319878997.
  • Abell, J E et al, “Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated With Body Mass Between Black and White Persons,” Am. J. Public Health, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 63–66, Jan. 2008, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.093781.
  • Batsis, J A et al, “Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index to Identify Obesity in Older Adults: NHANES 1999–2004” Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 May; 40(5): 761–767. Publicado on-line em 1.º de dezembro de 2015. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.243
  • Michigan State University. "BMI Not Accurate Indicator Of Body Fat, New Research Suggests." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 March 2007. Disponível em: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/03/070305202535.htm
  • Sperrin, M et al, “Body mass index relates weight to height differently in women and older adults: serial cross-sectional surveys in England (1992-2011)” J. Public Health (Oxf)., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 607–613, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv067.
  • Weir CB, et al, “BMI Classification Percentile And Cut Off Points.” In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan.
  • “What Is My Ideal Body Fat Percentage? - Healthline” [On-line] Disponível em: https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/ideal-body-fat-percentage
  • Nuttall, F Q. “Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review” Nutr Today. 2015 Maio; 50(3): 117–128. Publicado on-line em 7 de abril de 2015. doi: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000092
  • Karastergiou, K et al, “Sex differences in human adipose tissues – the biology of pear shape,” Biol. Sex Differ., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 13, 2012, doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-13.
  • Nauli, A M et al, “Why Do Men Accumulate Abdominal Visceral Fat?” Front. Physiol., vol. 10, p. 1486, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01486.
  • Thorpe Jr., R J et al, “Aging, Obesity, and Mortality: Misplaced Concern About Obese Older People?” Res Aging. 2004 Jan 1; 26(1): 108–129. doi: 10.1177/0164027503258738.
  • Yanovski, J A “Pediatric obesity. An introduction” Appetite. 2015 Oct 1; 93: 3–12. Publicado on-line em 30 de março de 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.028
  • “About Child & Teen BMI – Center for Disease Control and Prevention” Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html.
  • Chung, S “Growth and Puberty in Obese Children and Implications of Body Composition” J Obes Metab Syndr. 2017 Dec; 26(4): 243–250. Publicado on-line em 30 de dezembro de 2017. doi: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.4.243
  • St-Onge, M P et al, “Body composition changes with aging: The cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation?” Nutrition. 2010 Feb; 26(2): 152–155. Publicado on-line em 8 de dezembro de 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.004
  • Studenski, S A et al, “The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates,” J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 547–558, May 2014, doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu010.
  • McKee, A et al, “Obesity in the Elderly” In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.
  • Van Der Valk, E S et al, “A comprehensive diagnostic approach to detect underlying causes of obesity in adults” Obesity Reviews Primeira publicação em: 1 de março de 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12836
  • Hetherington-Rauth, M et al, “Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls” Nutr J. 2017; 16: 15. Publicado on-line em 23 de fevereiro de 2017. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0236-7
  • Janssen, I et al, “Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 79, Issue 3, March 2004, Pages 379–384, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.3.379.
  • Robert Ross et al, “Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity” Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020; 16(3): 177–189. Publicado on-line em 4 de fevereiro de 2020 Feb 4. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7.
  • “Why is my waist size important? - NHS.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/lifestyle/why-is-my-waist-size-important/.
  • “Metabolic syndrome - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916
  • “Metabolic Syndrome – Cedars Sinai” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/metabolic-syndrome.html
  • “Metabolic Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/metabolic-syndrome
  • “HDL cholesterol: How to boost your ‘good’ cholesterol - Mayo Clinic.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/hdl-cholesterol/art-20046388.
  • Yanai, H et al, “The underlying mechanisms for development of hypertension in the metabolic syndrome” Nutr J. 2008; 7: 10. Publicado on-line em 17 de abril de 2008. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-7-10.
  • “What is Cardiovascular Disease? | American Heart Association.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease
  • “Type 2 Diabetes - Symptoms | ADA.” [Online]. Disponível em: https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/type-2/symptoms.
  • Arenillas, J F et al, “The Metabolic Syndrome and Stroke - Potential Treatment Approaches” Stroke Originally published 31 May 2007 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480004.
  • Lin, H et al, “The prevalence, metabolic risk and effects of lifestyle intervention for metabolically healthy obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis: A PRISMA-compliant article” Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Nov; 96(47): e8838. Publicado on-line em 27 de novembro de 2017. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008838.
  • Hinnouho, G M et al, “Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of mortality: does the definition of metabolic health matter?,” Diabetes Care, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2294–2300, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.2337/dc12-1654.
  • Eknoyan, G. “Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) — the average man and indices of obesity” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 23, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 47–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm517.
  • Abou Ziki, M D et al, “Metabolic Syndrome: Genetic Insights into Disease Pathogenesis” Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 Apr; 27(2): 162–171. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000276.
  • Kolb, H et al, “Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes.” BMC Med 15, 131 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0901-x.
  • Jensen, M D “Role of Body Fat Distribution and the Metabolic Complications of Obesity” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov; 93(11 Suppl 1): S57–S63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1585.
  • Wildman, R P et al, “The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering: Prevalence and Correlates of 2 Phenotypes Among the US Population (NHANES 1999-2004),” Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 168, no. 15, pp. 1617–1624, Aug. 2008, doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617.
  • Bhaskaran, K et al, “Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3.6 million adults in the UK” Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Dec; 6(12): 944–953. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30288-2.

BR24OB00050

Mulher

Precisa de ajuda para encontrar um profissional de saúde?

Se você tem dúvidas sobre o seu peso e a sua saúde, busque ajuda profissional. A conversa com um especialista pode ser o primeiro passo por mais qualidade de vida.

Isso foi útil para você?

Você também pode gostar