Sustainability

22 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Renewable Energy and Socio-Economic Transformation: Three Case Studies

by Eleonora Santos

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031196 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

Portugal’s renewable energy transition plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change, enhancing energy security, and promoting sustainable development. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of renewable energy policies in Portugal from 2014 to 2022, with a focus on financial performance, employment trends, [...] Read more.

Portugal’s renewable energy transition plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change, enhancing energy security, and promoting sustainable development. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of renewable energy policies in Portugal from 2014 to 2022, with a focus on financial performance, employment trends, and gender equity. Utilizing financial assessments from the Orbis database and input–output analysis, the research examines three companies—EDP, E-Redes, and Logical Gravity—classified under NACE Rev. 2 code 3513. The study finds that investments in renewable energy improved profitability and solvency, especially during recovery phases, reflecting the sector’s financial resilience. Larger firms like EDP experienced employment growth, while smaller firms faced more volatility, highlighting the need for targeted support. Despite progress, gender disparities and pay gaps persist, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive policies. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to ensure a just and sustainable energy transition, emphasizing strategic investments, workforce adaptation, and inclusivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achieving Carbon Neutrality: Recent Progress of Sustainable Energy Economic, Energy Policy and Energy Transition)

25 pages, 1530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Solutions for Ukrainian Grain Transit Through Poland: Enhancing Terminal Infrastructure

by Vitalii Naumov, Yevhen Aloshynskyi and Marek Bauer

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031195 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has significantly disrupted global food supply chains, exacerbating existing food security challenges. To mitigate these disruptions, this study proposes a comprehensive approach to establishing sustainable intermodal terminals and technology parks along the Ukrainian–Polish border. To address this research [...] Read more.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has significantly disrupted global food supply chains, exacerbating existing food security challenges. To mitigate these disruptions, this study proposes a comprehensive approach to establishing sustainable intermodal terminals and technology parks along the Ukrainian–Polish border. To address this research issue, we analyzed the Ukrainian and global grain markets using publicly available statistical data. This analysis revealed the need to enhance grain transit through Poland, with terminal development identified as a crucial factor. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the Polish freight rail transport market provided forecasts of potential demand for rail transit. Utilizing Petri nets as a modeling tool, we simulated the transit system at the macro level. Based on this simulation, we identified potential locations for freight terminals at the Ukrainian border near EU countries. Employing the AHP methodology, we evaluated these potential locations and selected Kovel in the Volyn region of Ukraine as the most promising alternative. For this location, we proposed the development of a new technological park. The implementation of this project, with the capacity to process and clear up to 600 wagons per day, would facilitate the transshipment of up to 3000 tons of grain per day from Ukraine to EU countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Logistics and Intelligent Transportation)

20 pages, 5594 KiB

Open AccessArticle

System Dynamics-Based Integrated Benefit Analysis of Low-Carbon Management Process of Municipal Solid Waste

by Genping Zhang, Gang Lu, Kaili Liu and Hongbo Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031193 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

With rapid economic development, the amount of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated has increased dramatically. To improve the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts of the low-carbon management of MSW, it is crucial to identify the drivers of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from [...] Read more.

With rapid economic development, the amount of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated has increased dramatically. To improve the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts of the low-carbon management of MSW, it is crucial to identify the drivers of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from MSW treatment and assess their systematic and comprehensive benefits. The factor decomposition method is one of the most commonly used methods focused on identifying GHG emission-influencing factors, while the system dynamics (SD) method is commonly used to analyze the causal relationships between linear and nonlinear variables in complex dynamic systems. Unlike existing studies that account for and evaluate MSW from a static perspective, this paper innovatively combines the LMDI-SD model to identify and quantify the GHG emission drivers of MSW and evaluate the benefits of decarbonizing the MSW management in China from a comprehensive and systematic perspective. The results show that the dominant factor driving MSW GHG emissions from 2010 to 2022 is the economic development factor, ∆E_ED, while the intensity of MSW generation ∆E_GI and the structure of MSW treatment ∆E_TS play a stronger inhibiting role. Based on this, the SD model is constructed to simulate different scenarios, and the analysis shows that increasing the waste separation rate (S3) is the most effective measure to improve the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts of the system. Compared with the base scenario, the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts in 2050, for example, are increased by 82.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Improving the utilization rate of landfill gas (S1), reducing the per capita amount of MSW generated (S4) and increasing the incineration rate of MSW (S2) also have significant advantages for the improvement of benefits. Finally, some policy recommendations for the improvement of the comprehensive benefits of low-carbon MSW management systems are proposed to help policymakers make appropriate decisions. Full article

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22 pages, 1998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soil Health Practices and Decision Drivers on Diversified Vegetable Farms in Minnesota

by Natalie Hoidal, Shane M. Bugeja, Emily Lindenfelser and Paulo H. Pagliari

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031192 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

Soil health is at the root of agricultural sustainability, and small-scale vegetable farmers are becoming an increasingly important part of the US food system. These farmers face unique challenges when it comes to managing soil on their farms. These challenges include reliance on [...] Read more.

Soil health is at the root of agricultural sustainability, and small-scale vegetable farmers are becoming an increasingly important part of the US food system. These farmers face unique challenges when it comes to managing soil on their farms. These challenges include reliance on intensive production practices, the use of primarily organic inputs with difficult to calculate nutrient concentrations, and lack of access to formal education tailored to their needs. We surveyed farmers at 100 small-scale vegetable farms in Minnesota to (1) develop a better baseline understanding of how small-scale vegetable farmers utilize key soil health practices including nutrient management, cover crops, and tillage; (2) explore how farm demographics influence the adoption of soil health practices; and (3) determine educational priorities to better support these growers. Here, we report a lack of understanding about the nutrient contributions of compost, which is often applied at very large volumes without guidance from soil test results, with implications for nutrient loading in the environment. Farmers in our study had high rates of cover crop adoption relative to other farmers in the region despite several barriers to using cover crops. More experienced farmers were more likely to utilize more tillage, with more use of deep tillage implements on larger farms. Overall, organic certification was correlated with higher adoption of soil health practices including utilization of soil tests and cover crop use, but it was not correlated with tillage. Other demographic variables including land access arrangement and race did not meaningfully influence soil health practices. Our findings suggest a need for more research, outreach, and education targeted to vegetable farmers about how to interpret laboratory soil test results, and how to responsibly utilize organic inputs including vegetative compost and composted manure at rates appropriate for crop production in a diversified farm setting. We also report a need to compensate farmers for their labor to incentive cover crop use on small farms, and a need for more research and support for farmers in the 3–50-acre range to utilize reduced tillage methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Cropping Systems)

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19 pages, 2603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Raw and Calcined Eggshells as P-Reactive Materials in a Circular Economy Approach

by Agnieszka Bus, Kamila Budzanowska, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk and Anna Baryła

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031191 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial factor influencing both plant growth and the enrichment of the aquatic environment. Agriculture is the primary sector of the economy where the demand for phosphorus is the highest. Due to the depletion of P, more and more attention [...] Read more.

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial factor influencing both plant growth and the enrichment of the aquatic environment. Agriculture is the primary sector of the economy where the demand for phosphorus is the highest. Due to the depletion of P, more and more attention is being paid to the possibility of recovering and reusing P through the idea of a circular economy (CE). The main objective of this study was to compare raw eggshells (R-ESs) and calcined eggshells (C-ESs) for P removal from wastewater and assess the possible use of agro-waste materials according to CE requirements in non-flow conditions. A synthetic indicator, the zeroed unitarization method, was calculated to evaluate the critical aspects of materials according to the CE. The sorption of R-ESs and C-ESs equaled 0.90 and 1.66 mgP-PO₄/g for an initial concentration of 17.3 mgP-PO₄/L. The C-ESs were characterized by an almost two times higher reduction rate than R-ESs. The calculated indicator for the CE requirements equaled 0.89 and 0.72 for R-ESs and C-ESs, respectively. This means that R-ESs are more sustainable than C-ESs. Although C-ESs potentially have a more significant environmental impact, it is worth considering that this method of P elimination is beneficial from an ecological perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress and Evaluation Challenges of By-Product and Waste Valorization)

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15 pages, 3348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visitor Attitudes on Motivational Dimensions in Consuming Local Foods in an Emerging Tourist Destination: The Case of Cali, Colombia

by Marysol Castillo-Palacio, Rich Harrill, Alexander Zuñiga-Collazos and Paola A. Aguilar-Collazos

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031190 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

Scientific and practical interest in public and private spheres about motivations in the consumption of local gastronomy is growing globally. In this sense, this research focuses its analysis on the relationship between gastronomic attitude and the motivational dimensions for consuming local foods, based [...] Read more.

Scientific and practical interest in public and private spheres about motivations in the consumption of local gastronomy is growing globally. In this sense, this research focuses its analysis on the relationship between gastronomic attitude and the motivational dimensions for consuming local foods, based on the gastronomic experience of visitors to the city of Cali, Colombia, an emerging gastronomic tourist destination. This study used a quantitative method; a semi-structured survey was carried out with 362 tourists who visited Cali, Colombia, a gastronomic city in the Délice Global Network. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS-SEM Software Version 4.0 via the partial least squares technique (PLS-SEM). The findings show that a visitor’s gastronomic attitude is a predictor of their motivation to consume local food. Furthermore, among the indicators that explain the gastronomic attitude, the influence of the city’s gastronomy on the visit stands out as the most predominant factor in the visitor’s attitude toward gastronomic tourism. Other theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)

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35 pages, 746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Critical Review of the Application of the Principal International Standards and Guidelines on Indoor Microclimates for the Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage

by Tiziano Dalla Mora, Maria Antonietta De Vivo, Massimiliano Scarpa and Fabio Peron

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031189 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

Assessments of indoor microclimates are the first act of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Interest in this subject has led to the development of an increasing number of standards and guidelines. This critical review examines the application of the main standards and guidelines [...] Read more.

Assessments of indoor microclimates are the first act of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Interest in this subject has led to the development of an increasing number of standards and guidelines. This critical review examines the application of the main standards and guidelines for indoor microclimates for the preventive conservation of cultural heritage and proposes their synthesis in a common framework. In this manner, this study tries to shed light on their coordination and to propose guidance for better understanding and application. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of guidelines: the first is based on the fixed values of specific parameters, used as limits for the best preservation of the various materials, whereas the second identifies the historical microclimate specific to the environment as the reference for appropriate preservation, especially in the case of organic and hygroscopic materials. After analysing different standards and guidelines, the various parameters and calculation methods are discussed and summarised in a table for a synoptic comparison. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Methodologies for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Highlights on the Most Relevant Standards)

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21 pages, 861 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security on the Sustainable Development of Smart Cities: Insights from Internal Specialists and External Information Security Auditors

by Iryna Leroy, Iryna Zolotaryova and Serhii Semenov

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031188 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study aims to describe and assess the impact of critical infrastructure (CI) cybersecurity issues on the sustainable development of smart cities. This study highlights the integration of PayTech systems into the broader CI landscape, highlighting their impact on maintaining economic stability and [...] Read more.

This study aims to describe and assess the impact of critical infrastructure (CI) cybersecurity issues on the sustainable development of smart cities. This study highlights the integration of PayTech systems into the broader CI landscape, highlighting their impact on maintaining economic stability and ensuring the smooth operation of city services. Key companies within smart regions, particularly those operating in the payment industries, are essential to maintaining the functionality of critical services. These companies facilitate the processing of services provided to citizens, enabling access to vital municipal services. As key players in the PayTech and online e-commerce sectors, they form a crucial part of modern critical infrastructure, operating within an ever-evolving digital environment. This study examines the recovery processes employed after cyberattacks, focusing on the differing perspectives of internal and external professionals. It identifies significant differences in the perceptions of recovery strategies among internal stakeholders, such as investor relations (IR) teams, reputation management (RM) experts, and Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs), who represent critical infrastructure companies. Additionally, it explores the roles of external auditors, who provide impartial emergency support and perform specialized recovery tasks. Importantly, this study underscores the current attitudes toward future information security strategies and their influence on the financial recovery and reputation of reliable companies following cyber incidents. This research contributes to the existing knowledge by shedding light on the perspectives of both a company’s internal and external specialists involved in the recovery process and cyber resilience strategies in critical infrastructure sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Technologies for Sustainable Development of Smart Regions)

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15 pages, 1727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Steel Waste as a Heterogenous Catalyst in Advanced Oxidation Processes—Preliminary Study

by Sabina Ziembowicz, Małgorzata Kida and Karolina Sarzyńska

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031187 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 12

Abstract

The suitability of steel shavings (SS) as a low-cost waste catalyst in catalytic ozonation and the heterogeneous Fenton process was evaluated. Three dyes were selected for the research: Indigo Carmine, Tartrazine, and Allura Red AC. Single processes (oxidation by H₂O₂ [...] Read more.

The suitability of steel shavings (SS) as a low-cost waste catalyst in catalytic ozonation and the heterogeneous Fenton process was evaluated. Three dyes were selected for the research: Indigo Carmine, Tartrazine, and Allura Red AC. Single processes (oxidation by H₂O₂, O₃, and heterogeneous Fenton process) and hybrid processes (O₃ + Fenton) were applied. The Fenton process had the highest efficiency at pH = 3 and with the highest dose of catalyst (5 mg of SS) and hydrogen peroxide (30 µL). More than 98% discoloration of the solution was observed in 10 min. Analyzing ozone-based processes, they can be ranked with the highest efficiency as follows: (O₃ + H₂O₂ + SS) > (O₃ + H₂O₂) > O₃ > (O₃ + SS). The combination of the Fenton process (5 mg of SS + 15 µL of H₂O₂) with ozonation accelerated the reaction rate in the case of Indigo Carmine. In the hybrid process, only 5 min were enough for complete decolorization, while more than 98% in the Fenton process was reached after 30 min. Kinetic studies revealed that the degradation of dyes in an aqueous solution through advanced oxidation processes followed first- and second-order reaction kinetics. The calculation of the energy requirement confirmed that the most economic process for removing Indigo Carmine was the O₃+Fenton process (SS dose = 5 mg, H₂O₂ dose = 15 µL, pH = 3). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Waste and Recycling)

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4 pages, 143 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Embedding Sustainability in Organisations Through Climate, Culture, and Leadership

by Sandro Serpa and Maria José Sá

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031186 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 64

Abstract

Successfully integrating sustainability principles into organisational policies and practices requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Embedding Sustainability in Organizations through Climate, Culture and Leadership)

19 pages, 36483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creation of Wind Speed Maps and Determination of Wind Energy Potential with Geographic Information Systems: The Case of Kırklareli Province, Türkiye

by Kamil Karataş and Celal Bıçakcı

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031185 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 67

Abstract

The intensive use of fossil fuels for energy production harms the environment. The adoption of sustainable energy systems can reduce the damage. Wind energy is one of the most widely used renewable sources. The most important problem in establishing new wind power plants [...] Read more.

The intensive use of fossil fuels for energy production harms the environment. The adoption of sustainable energy systems can reduce the damage. Wind energy is one of the most widely used renewable sources. The most important problem in establishing new wind power plants (WPPs) is estimating the wind energy potential (WEP) in potential installation locations where there are no measured data. Many geographic information system (GIS)-based studies have been conducted on this subject. In this study, based on the technical specifications of a wind turbine selected for the Kırklareli Province of Türkiye, wind speed maps at 125 m height were created using many station points with known locations and wind speeds and the WEP of Kırklareli was calculated. In addition, the WEP map of Kırklareli was created by first determining the areas where WPPs cannot be installed and creating the wind speed map. After removing exclusion areas where wind turbines cannot be installed, the wind speeds at 125 m ranged between 3.12 m/s and 8.51 m/s. The wind speed was found to be higher in the south of the province, and the total WEP in areas with wind speeds higher than 6 m/sec was 6628.21 MW. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Information Science for the Sustainable Development, 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 4270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Soil Resilience to Climate Change: Long-Term Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Thermal and Physical Properties in Tea-Cultivated Ultisols

by Duminda N. Vidana Gamage, Thilanjana Peiris, Isuru Kasthuriarachchi, Keerthi M. Mohotti and Asim Biswas

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031184 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 73

Abstract

This study examined the impact of the long-term application (25 years) of tea waste (TW), compost (COM), and neem oil cake (NOC) compared to conventional synthetic fertilizers (CONV) on soil thermal and physical properties of a tea-cultivated Ultisol. Soil samples were collected from [...] Read more.

This study examined the impact of the long-term application (25 years) of tea waste (TW), compost (COM), and neem oil cake (NOC) compared to conventional synthetic fertilizers (CONV) on soil thermal and physical properties of a tea-cultivated Ultisol. Soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths of an experimental site of the Tea Research Institute in Sri Lanka. These samples were analyzed for soil thermal conductivity (k), volumetric heat capacity (C), thermal diffusivity (D), bulk density (BD), aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC), and volumetric water contents at 0 kPa (θ₀) and 10 kPa (θ₁₀). TW and COM significantly (p < 0.05) increased surface SOC, leading to better aggregation, lower BD, and, consequently, a substantial reduction in k and D compared to CONV plots. Further, TW and COM amendments slightly increased C compared to CONV plots due to elevated SOC and water content. However, NOC had no impact on soil thermal and physical properties compared to CONV. The reduced thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity indicated an improved soil capacity to buffer extreme temperature fluctuations. Moreover, soils treated with TW and COM exhibited greater water retention and improved soil resistance to erosion. The findings suggest that the long-term application of tea waste and compost could be a sustainable soil management strategy for improving soil health and enhancing resilience to climate change in tea-cultivated Ultisols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pollution Prevention, Mitigation and Sustainability)

28 pages, 1778 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chromium Remediation from Tannery Wastewater in Arequipa, Peru: Local Experiences and Prospects for Sustainable Solutions

by Lino F. Morales-Paredes, Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich, Giuliana Romero-Mariscal, Armando Arenazas-Rodriguez, Juana Ticona-Quea, Teresa R. Tejada-Purizaca, Gary Vanzin and Jonathan O. Sharp

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031183 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 100

Abstract

The release of tannery wastewater contributes to chromium (Cr) pollution globally. Herein, we conduct a novel consolidation of research from the Arequipa region of southern Peru that integrates university theses written in Spanish alongside peer-reviewed journal articles. The objective is to provide a [...] Read more.

The release of tannery wastewater contributes to chromium (Cr) pollution globally. Herein, we conduct a novel consolidation of research from the Arequipa region of southern Peru that integrates university theses written in Spanish alongside peer-reviewed journal articles. The objective is to provide a place-based complement to existing research in English scientific journals focused on effective tools for Cr treatment from tannery wastewater. Our consolidation categorized a total of 75 publications (70 theses and five peer-reviewed) into five distinct strategies for Cr treatment: adsorption (twenty-three studies), phytoremediation (eighteen studies), bioremediation (thirteen studies), electrocoagulation (five studies), and other techniques (fifteen studies). This synthesis highlighted potentially promising approaches that could be sustainably tailored to regional resources and waste products. This includes sorptive materials derived from food waste such as native achiote peels (B. orellana) and avocado seeds (P. americana) either used directly or as a feedstock for biochar. Other technologies include phytoremediation using microalgae and resident vascular plants and microbial bioremediation that capitalizes on indigenous bacteria and fungi. Promise was also discerned in studies that incorporated a combination of abiotic and biotic mechanisms tailored toward the region, such as infiltration using selective and bioactive materials, wetlands, solar distillation, iron-based coagulation and flocculation, and bioreactors. These findings provide a sustainable complement to prior global investigations for effective attenuation strategies by adding novel materials and techniques that could be further explored to assess the viability of implementation at pilot and larger scales. These promising technologies and the ability to tailor sustainable treatments toward local resources highlight the opportunity to prioritize the treatment of tannery wastewater to ensure a cleaner environment by informing policy makers, academics, and industry on technologies that could be adopted for implementation in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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22 pages, 3584 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Spatiotemporal Variability of Marine Plankton Ecosystem Services at the Regional Scale: A Combined Approach Using a Systematic Review and Network Analysis

by Luca Russo, Daniele Bellardini, Raffaella Casotti, Priscilla Licandro, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Arantza Murillas, Isabella Percopo, Diana Sarno and Domenico D’Alelio

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031182 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

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Abstract

Marine plankton include organisms driving multiple ecosystem services (ESs). In this study, we identified ESs provided by planktonic consortia worldwide from the analysis of scientific literature. We also mapped the identified ESs onto forty-nine plankton trophic networks derived from presence–absence data obtained from [...] Read more.

Marine plankton include organisms driving multiple ecosystem services (ESs). In this study, we identified ESs provided by planktonic consortia worldwide from the analysis of scientific literature. We also mapped the identified ESs onto forty-nine plankton trophic networks derived from presence–absence data obtained from two coastal surveys in three areas along the coast of the Campania region in the Tyrrhenian Sea (NW Mediterranean). The systematic review evidenced that ESs associated with goods provision and ecosystem regulation were the most studied categories, while cultural ESs were the least considered. The mapping of ESs across the Campania coast revealed significant spatiotemporal variations in plankton-based ESs, which depend on seasonal variability and local environmental conditions. Among the ESs, those connected with the regulation and maintenance of marine ecosystems dominated both temporally and spatially, highlighting the crucial role of plankton in ecosystem stability and resilience. Moreover, although the direct provision of goods and materials was less represented, food provision to higher trophic levels was widespread within each coastal sector, highlighting the crucial role of plankton biodiversity in directly sustaining the whole marine ecosystem and related economic activities such as fisheries and aquacultures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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29 pages, 2437 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Noise Management Strategies in Industrial Environments: A Framework for Occupational Safety, Health, and Productivity

by Timur Vasile Chis, Lucian-Ionel Cioca, Daniel Onut Badea, Iuliana Cristea, Doru Costin Darabont, Raluca Maria Iordache, Silviu Nicolae Platon, Alina Trifu and Vlad-Andrei Barsan

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031181 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 123

Abstract

Noise exposure in rubber manufacturing poses significant risks to worker health, safety, and productivity. This study explores these challenges via an integrated approach that combines task-based and group noise measurements as required by Directive 2003/10/EC, noise mapping, real-time monitoring, and worker feedback. Noise [...] Read more.

Noise exposure in rubber manufacturing poses significant risks to worker health, safety, and productivity. This study explores these challenges via an integrated approach that combines task-based and group noise measurements as required by Directive 2003/10/EC, noise mapping, real-time monitoring, and worker feedback. Noise levels were found to range from 81 to 89 dB(A) across worker groups, with task-specific peaks exceeding 91 dB(A) near high-noise machinery. To mitigate these risks, engineering controls, including acoustic barriers and machine isolation, were proposed alongside administrative measures such as task rotation and improved access to personal protective equipment. The analysis demonstrated a link between noise levels and reduced productivity, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Integrating IoT sensors and AI for real-time noise monitoring offers opportunities to increase compliance, reduce exposure, and improve safety outcomes. Whilst engineering controls involve higher initial investments, cost‒benefit analysis highlights their long-term advantages in reducing health-related expenses and improving productivity. This study reinforces the importance of a proactive, worker-centered approach to noise management in rubber manufacturing, emphasizing sustainability, risk mitigation, and the adoption of innovative technologies to create safer and more efficient workplaces. Full article

18 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Green Inclusive Leadership on Green Innovation in Chinese SMEs: The Mediating Roles of Green Knowledge Sharing and Green Organizational Identity

by Shuning Zhang, Yannan Li and Ahreum Hong

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031180 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 125

Abstract

The growing urgency of climate change underscores the need for enhanced green management practices across organizations, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the backbone of economic development. Green inclusive leadership (GIL) is defined as a leadership approach that emphasizes inclusivity, openness, and [...] Read more.

The growing urgency of climate change underscores the need for enhanced green management practices across organizations, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the backbone of economic development. Green inclusive leadership (GIL) is defined as a leadership approach that emphasizes inclusivity, openness, and support for employees’ green ideas and contributions, fostering alignment with organizational environmental objectives. This study examines the influence of GIL on green knowledge sharing (GKS), green organizational identity (GOI), and green innovation (GI) within diverse Chinese industries, including manufacturing, services, media, and IT. Using data from 625 valid survey responses collected from 700 predominantly young, educated employees, this research demonstrates that GIL has a direct positive impact on GKS, GOI, and GI. The findings further reveal that GKS and GOI significantly contribute to GI, highlighting their roles as critical drivers of green innovation. Additionally, GKS and GOI partially mediate the relationship between GIL and GI, providing insights into how GIL promotes sustainable practices and innovation. This study underscores the importance of leadership and collaborative organizational practices in fostering a green-oriented organizational climate, supporting adopting green business models essential for competitive and resilient enterprises in a sustainable economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small and Medium Enterprises: Green Orientations and Sustainable Business Models)

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34 pages, 1534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Sustainable Urban Walkability: A Modified Delphi Study on Key Indicators for Urban Walkability in Gulf Cooperation Council Urban Streets

by Bander Fahad Alkrides

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031179 (registering DOI) - 1 Feb 2025

Viewed by 265

Abstract

The determination of walkability for megacities is critically important, particularly in the context of fostering sustainable urban environments. This paper applies modified Delphi techniques to focus on identifying and prioritizing the key factors influencing urban walkability in large cities. The selected region of [...] Read more.

The determination of walkability for megacities is critically important, particularly in the context of fostering sustainable urban environments. This paper applies modified Delphi techniques to focus on identifying and prioritizing the key factors influencing urban walkability in large cities. The selected region of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) served as the basis for this research, reflecting its unique socio-cultural and environmental challenges. A panel of local and international experts participated in the study, evaluating and ranking 111 walkability indicators categorized into five groups: cultural, functional, safety, aesthetic, and comfort. Two rounds of the Delphi survey were conducted, to obtain insights from professionals in urban planning, civil engineering, and related fields. The findings emphasize the critical role of sustainability in addressing the extreme nature of the GCC climate, highlighting the need for innovative and climate-responsive pedestrian infrastructure. Safety and environmental considerations were identified as essential for enhancing walkability and contributing to more sustainable and livable cities in the region. The study’s outcomes led to the development of a ‘walkability audit tool’ tailored to Gulf cities, which serves as a strategic guide for policymakers and urban planners to implement sustainable urbanization policies. By addressing the relationship between walkability and sustainability, this research contributes to creating resilient, inclusive, and walkable urban environments that are better equipped to meet the challenges of rapid urbanization and climate adaptation in the GCC region. The results obtained from this study provide actionable insights and practical tools for enhancing walkability and advancing sustainable urban development in the GCC and similar regions globally. Full article

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23 pages, 2297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Redesigning Energy Habits: The Role of Home Renovations in Shaping Tenant Behavior

by Maria Flouri, Christos Kontzinos, Bonnie Murphy, Danka Ördög, Manuela Freté, Panagiotis Kokkinakos and Dimitrios Askounis

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031178 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 409

Abstract

With an emphasis on pilots in Spain and Portugal, this study examines the connection between Efficient, Sustainable, and Inclusive Energy (ESIE) performance improvements, home renovations, and tenant/owner behavior within the framework of the FORTESIE project (CBDC-powered Smart PerFORmance contracTs for Efficiency, Sustainable, Inclusive, [...] Read more.

With an emphasis on pilots in Spain and Portugal, this study examines the connection between Efficient, Sustainable, and Inclusive Energy (ESIE) performance improvements, home renovations, and tenant/owner behavior within the framework of the FORTESIE project (CBDC-powered Smart PerFORmance contracTs for Efficiency, Sustainable, Inclusive, Energy Use). This paper investigates the relationship between tenant behavior along with energy consumption and renovation packages that also include digital technologies and energy efficiency measures. It studies the efficiency and effectiveness of the FORTESIE Common Impact Model (CIM) towards engaging homeowners/tenants, comprehending their driving forces, and implementing customized plans to encourage sustainable energy practices. This study presents applied case studies with different digital and energy literacy backgrounds and emphasizes the importance of considering elements such as cultural settings, energy poverty, and digital literacy when creating sustainable energy engagement approaches and putting them into practice. Taking into account these elements, this study investigates whether the CIM can be used effectively in diverse settings to engage with stakeholders and help create customized and appropriate energy behavior pathways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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25 pages, 940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Board Diversity Drive Sustainability? Evidence from UK-Listed Companies

by Rehab EmadEldeen, Ahmed F. Elbayuomi, Hanan Elmoursy, Mohammed Bouaddi and Mohamed A. K. Basuony

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031177 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 361

Abstract

The board diversity is a vital factor influencing corporate sustainability by incorporating varied perspectives and expertise into environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. This study examines the impact of board diversity—gender, age, educational background, and nationality—on sustainability performance in UK-listed companies. Grounded in [...] Read more.

The board diversity is a vital factor influencing corporate sustainability by incorporating varied perspectives and expertise into environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. This study examines the impact of board diversity—gender, age, educational background, and nationality—on sustainability performance in UK-listed companies. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory, Resource Dependence Theory, Critical Mass Theory, and Institutional Theory, and using quantile regression, this research explores these relationships across sensitive and non-sensitive industries over a 20-year period (2002–2021) using data from 1814 companies. The sample is segmented into high-, medium-, and low-sustainability companies to assess the heterogeneous effects of diversity. Findings reveal industry-specific patterns: In sensitive industries, gender diversity negatively affects ESG scores in low- and medium-sustainability companies, while nationality diversity consistently improves ESG outcomes across all levels. In non-sensitive industries, age diversity enhances ESG scores in medium- and high-sustainability companies, whereas educational diversity shows mixed effects—negative in medium and positive in high-sustainability companies. Nationality diversity also positively impacts ESG outcomes in medium-sustainability companies. This research adds to the literature by looking at how board diversity impacts sustainability performance across industries and sustainability levels by combining a multi-theoretical approach and applying quantile regression, as well as practical guidance for companies looking to improve board diversity for better sustainability performance. Full article

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16 pages, 3021 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Establishment and Application of Modern Ecological Governance Systems from the Perspective of Digital Empowerment

by Tao Zhang and Kun Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031176 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 314

Abstract

The ecological governance system has made significant progress in information technology construction, and digitization has become an important driving force in the construction of this system. This article delves into the digital construction path of ecosystem governance and elaborates on the practical application [...] Read more.

The ecological governance system has made significant progress in information technology construction, and digitization has become an important driving force in the construction of this system. This article delves into the digital construction path of ecosystem governance and elaborates on the practical application effectiveness of digitalization in the ecological governance system through two specific cases: intelligent water management and air pollution warning digital models. Furthermore, we adopt the TOE (Technology–Organization–Environment) model to integrate a collaborative theory with the concept of multi-center governance and innovatively propose a new model for nearshore ecological environment protection management. On this basis, we constructed an evaluation index system and established a theoretical model of the impact of environmental regulations on nearshore ecological efficiency. After empirical analysis, we found that the impact of environmental regulations on ecological efficiency in coastal areas presents a curvilinear characteristic. In the modern ecological governance system, organizational factors and technological factors are the two modules that have the greatest impact on system construction, accounting for 49% and 31% of the weight of the indicator system, respectively, followed by technological advantages and the urgency and feasibility of construction. Gender factors indicate that technology and organization are necessary factors that constrain institutional development. Full article

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25 pages, 6471 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Innovation Perspective on Regional Design and Sustainable Development Research

by Wei Ding, Zirong Zeng, Yaqi Zhuo and Chenlu Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031175 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 320

Abstract

In today’s world, the development of regional industries and cross-regional cultural integration have brought about environmental damage and cultural erosion. However, there are many shortcomings in the research and countermeasures for the problem, especially in China. The greater participation of the whole society [...] Read more.

In today’s world, the development of regional industries and cross-regional cultural integration have brought about environmental damage and cultural erosion. However, there are many shortcomings in the research and countermeasures for the problem, especially in China. The greater participation of the whole society in innovative regional design has a huge impact on the sustainable development of the region. This research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding framework for regional design and strategic guidance for future research directions and practical paths. We adopted the methods of a literature review and a case analysis to discuss the importance of social cooperation in social innovation from the perspectives of cultural inheritance, community participation, industrial upgrading, and brand building. Based on Professor Kiyoshi Miyazaki’s “Human Culture Land Production Landscape” resource integration model, combined with specific regional goals, five major design domains have been constructed to address five issues. In specific regional design practices, participatory design, value co-creation, and resource integration design methods have been applied. Research has found that these theoretical and practical paths have achieved good results and played a positive role in promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG9 and SDG11). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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14 pages, 1200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Strength Characteristics of Red Soil Amended by Biochar

by Ke Li, Yu Xu, Yang Tan, Xianxiong Cai, Zhikui Liu and Qinxue Xu

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1174; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031174 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 297

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of biochar on the strength characteristics of red loam, a number of experiments were carried out in the red loam of northern Guangxi Province, including a direct shear test, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, and an [...] Read more.

In order to investigate the effect of biochar on the strength characteristics of red loam, a number of experiments were carried out in the red loam of northern Guangxi Province, including a direct shear test, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test of red loam, bagasse biochar–red loam, and rice platycodon biochar–red loam. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different biochar contents, types, and particle size ranges on the shear strength of the improved soils. The results showed that both bagasse biochar and rice platycodon biochar could effectively improve the shear strength of soil, and the shear strength increased first and then decreased with the increase in biochar content and reached the peak value when the content of biochar reached 6%. Under vertical pressures of 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, and 400 kPa, the shear strength of the two improved soils increased by 53.39%, 52.52%, 43.43%, and 47.08%, respectively, and 54.56%, 23.89%, 33.71%, and 47.78%, respectively, compared with that of plain soil. In addition, the grain size was negatively correlated with the shear strength, and the shear strength of the sample increased with a decrease in the grain size, in which the biochar in the range of 0~0.5 mm had the best effect on the strength improvement of the red loam. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical support for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of red loam strength and coping with soil erosion in red soil areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Building Materials)

21 pages, 658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling the Nexus Between Technological Innovations and Institutional Quality for Entrepreneurial Development in Southeastern Europe

by Lobna Alsadeg Altaher Suliman and Muri Wole Adedokun

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031173 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 277

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has been critical in fostering economic growth. The technological innovations and quality of institutions are crucial in promoting entrepreneurship and promoting an environment conducive to entrepreneurial activities. This study investigated the effect of technological innovations and institutional quality on entrepreneurial development with [...] Read more.

Entrepreneurship has been critical in fostering economic growth. The technological innovations and quality of institutions are crucial in promoting entrepreneurship and promoting an environment conducive to entrepreneurial activities. This study investigated the effect of technological innovations and institutional quality on entrepreneurial development with annual data from 2014 to 2021 across Southeastern European countries. The cross-sectional auto-regressive regressive distributed lag model (C-S ARDL), quantile regression and Granger causality were employed to achieve the objectives of this study. A dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator was also applied to perform a robust analysis. The findings revealed a significant long-term relationship between technological innovations and entrepreneurial development, with a coefficient of 0.088. There also exists a significant and positive impact on institutional quality and entrepreneurial development in the long run, with a coefficient of 5.912. Furthermore, the outcome revealed that the exchange rate negatively influences entrepreneurial development in Southeast Europe. The Granger causality reports a bi-directional relationship between technological innovations and entrepreneurial development in Southeastern Europe. The study concluded that a significant relationship exists between technological innovations, institutional quality, and entrepreneurial development in Southeastern Europe. The study recommends that governments of Southeastern European countries strengthen their regulatory structures and institutions to improve the welfare of society through a reduction in political, social, and economic unpredictability while boosting trust and investment from entrepreneurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Economy and the Continuous Technological Revolution: Rethinking Entrepreneurial Skills)

22 pages, 1828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Minimizing Rebar Consumption: A Decarbonization Strategy for the Civil and Construction Industry

by Daniel Darma Widjaja, Titi Sari Nurul Rachmawati and Sunkuk Kim

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031172 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 271

Abstract

The growing demand for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, driven by population growth, significantly contributes to carbon emissions, particularly during the construction phase. Steel rebar production, a major contributor to these emissions, faces challenges due to high material consumption and waste, often stemming from [...] Read more.

The growing demand for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, driven by population growth, significantly contributes to carbon emissions, particularly during the construction phase. Steel rebar production, a major contributor to these emissions, faces challenges due to high material consumption and waste, often stemming from market-length rebar and conventional lap splices, impeding decarbonization efforts. This study introduces a comprehensive strategy to minimize rebar consumption and waste, advancing decarbonization in the civil and construction industry. The strategy integrates a special-length-priority minimization algorithm with lap splice position adjustments or couplers to reduce rebar consumption, waste, and carbon emissions. A case study evaluates distinct scenarios regarding rebar consumption. The study demonstrates that conventional rebar practices, such as market-length rebar and lap splices, lead to excessive consumption and waste, impeding decarbonization. Couplers significantly reduce rebar requirements, though cutting waste remains when combined with market-length rebar. Special-length-priority optimization with lap splice adjustments demonstrates greater efficiency in reducing consumption while minimizing cutting waste, proving effectiveness. The combination of special-length-priority optimization and couplers achieves the greatest reductions in rebar consumption, waste, and carbon emissions, making it the most efficient strategy for future construction projects. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing rebar consumption in advancing decarbonization and promoting sustainable practices in the civil and construction industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Innovative Methods for Structures, Elements and Materials)

21 pages, 567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESG Performance Empowers Financial Flexibility in Manufacturing Firms—Empirical Evidence from China

by Jianzhi Wei, Xuesong He and Yawei Wu

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031171 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 320

Abstract

In the context of slowing economic growth and increasing uncertainty, enhancing the financial flexibility of manufacturing enterprises is a critical foundation for promoting the high-quality development of the real economy. This study selects a sample of Chinese A-share-listed manufacturing firms from Shanghai and [...] Read more.

In the context of slowing economic growth and increasing uncertainty, enhancing the financial flexibility of manufacturing enterprises is a critical foundation for promoting the high-quality development of the real economy. This study selects a sample of Chinese A-share-listed manufacturing firms from Shanghai and Shenzhen, spanning the years 2012 to 2022, and constructs a fixed-effects model to examine the impact of ESG performance on the financial flexibility of these firms and its underlying mechanisms. The study finds that: (1) ESG performance significantly enhances corporate financial flexibility. (2) ESG performance promotes financial flexibility primarily through mechanisms such as alleviating financing constraints, improving competitive advantages, and attracting analysts’ attention. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of ESG performance on financial flexibility is more pronounced in high-tech firms and non-heavily-polluted firms. (4) Sub-dimensional analysis shows that corporate governance has a more significant impact on financial flexibility enhancement than social responsibility, while environmental investment exerts an inhibitory effect on financial flexibility. (5) The uncertainty associated with ESG ratings weakens the contribution of ESG practices to the financial flexibility of manufacturing firms. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that enterprises should be encouraged to actively adopt ESG practices, accelerate the improvement of their ESG disclosure systems, and support firms with strong ESG performance to foster high-quality development. Full article

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17 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovation Impact in the Textile Industry: From the Toyota Production System to Artificial Intelligence

by Paula Tavares de Carvalho, José Dias Lopes and Ricardo Jorge Raimundo

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031170 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 277

Abstract

The Toyota Production System (TPS) was a revolutionary approach to automobile production that influenced companies all over the world. The fight against redundancy is at the core of this approach. The textile industry remains one of the most polluting sectors worldwide, which makes [...] Read more.

The Toyota Production System (TPS) was a revolutionary approach to automobile production that influenced companies all over the world. The fight against redundancy is at the core of this approach. The textile industry remains one of the most polluting sectors worldwide, which makes environmental sustainability a key concern. In line with national priorities, companies are striving to balance profitability with sustainability, minimizing defects and reducing waste. This study explores the evolution of textile production systems from TPS principles to the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and how they can be used from a sustainability perspective. Smartex, a textile start-up recognized as the winner of the Web Summit 2021 competition, was chosen as the focus of this case study. Employing qualitative research methods, including content analysis of interviews, management reports and website data, the study examines the parallels and distinctions between TPS and Smartex’s AI-driven system. The findings highlight how Smartex is revolutionizing the textile industry by leveraging AI to avoid defects and reduce waste, advancing both environmental and commercial objectives. Finally, the implications and limitations of the research are explained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Economy and the Continuous Technological Revolution: Rethinking Entrepreneurial Skills)

30 pages, 3139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Water Resources Management for Implementing Sustainable Energy Development—Challenges and Perspectives in Poland

by Monika Bryła, Iwona Zdralewicz, Iwona Lejcuś, Katarzyna Kraj, Grzegorz Dumieński, Tamara Tokarczyk and Tomasz Walczykiewicz

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031169 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 343

Abstract

Climate change causes a problem for the energy system in Poland, which is based on the availability of water resources throughout the year. In situations of water scarcity resulting from increased demand or due to water deficits caused by the phenomenon of drought, [...] Read more.

Climate change causes a problem for the energy system in Poland, which is based on the availability of water resources throughout the year. In situations of water scarcity resulting from increased demand or due to water deficits caused by the phenomenon of drought, it is necessary to develop efficient management methods that take into account the needs of all stakeholders and obtaining approval for new investments. The principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) enable this efficiency to be achieved. The research used 51 questions in 3 surveys to assess the potential for IWRM implementation in 3 catchments located in an area of southern and south-western Poland with different topography, regional and socio-economic characteristics, i.e., the Białka (tourism domination), the Nysa Kłodzka (potential for hydropower) and the Widawa (lowland character). In order to interpret the results, the author’s method of grouping survey questions from different sources was applied. The results of the study showed that there is considerable social potential and willingness to develop cooperation between different stakeholder groups but there are barriers related to the state of knowledge and its transfer between stakeholders. It is important not to ignore the stakeholders whose resistance can effectively delay investment processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Regional Energy Planning towards Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mobile Applications and Green Economy as a Factor of Transformation in the Tourism Sector: Theoretical Contexts, User Expectations, and Development Perspectives

by Piotr Majdak and Bartosz Saramonowicz

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031168 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 284

Abstract

In the face of escalating global challenges related to the climate crisis, depletion of natural resources, and growing social inequalities, tourism—one of the fastest-growing industries worldwide—must undergo a transformation toward more responsible travel planning and implementation. In this context, the concepts of the [...] Read more.

In the face of escalating global challenges related to the climate crisis, depletion of natural resources, and growing social inequalities, tourism—one of the fastest-growing industries worldwide—must undergo a transformation toward more responsible travel planning and implementation. In this context, the concepts of the green economy and sustainable tourism provide valuable inspiration. Despite widespread consensus on the validity of these concepts, their implementation across various regions encounters numerous social, political, technological, and cultural challenges. Mobile applications used during tourist activities can play a pivotal role as widespread carriers of values and ideas aligned with the principles of the green economy and sustainable development. This article focuses on two key areas. The first outlines theoretical frameworks for leveraging mobile applications to shape travelers’ attitudes in accordance with the green economy and sustainable development principles. The second area refers to original research on user preferences and expectations regarding sustainable solutions in mobile applications. The findings of the research indicate that mobile applications possess a vast potential to influence tourists’ decisions and behaviors. In this context, they can serve as a critical factor in supporting the transformation of the tourism industry towards the objectives of sustainable development and the green economy. Full article

30 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does China’s Digital Economy Affect Green Total Factor Energy Efficiency in the Context of Sustainable Development?

by Yingying Zhou, Wanxuan Sun, Panpan Meng, Yu Miao and Xin Wen

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031167 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 266

Abstract

In the context of sustainable development, breaking free from resource endowment constraints and promoting energy transformation are long-term goals of concern. The digital economy empowers the development of the energy industry and provides a feasible path for improving energy efficiency. This article selects [...] Read more.

In the context of sustainable development, breaking free from resource endowment constraints and promoting energy transformation are long-term goals of concern. The digital economy empowers the development of the energy industry and provides a feasible path for improving energy efficiency. This article selects interprovincial panel data from China to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of China’s digital economy on green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE), as well as spatial spillover effects. Based on the calculation of green total factor energy efficiency, static and dynamic panel models are used to analyze the direct impact of the digital economy on green total factor energy efficiency through index decomposition and threshold models, as well as the indirect impact of digital economy technology effects on it. The research results indicate that the direct impact of the digital economy on GTFEE exhibits a positive U-shaped effect. Indirect impact analysis shows that technological innovation has a significant dual threshold effect on the variables of green total factor energy technology efficiency index and green total factor energy technology progress index. Further analysis using the spatial Durbin model shows that the digital economy has nonlinear spatial spillover effects on GTFEE, with regional heterogeneity and resource endowment differences. Studying the impact of digital economy development on green all-factor energy efficiency is of great practical significance in order to propose suggestions for promoting green and sustainable development. Full article

23 pages, 1723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molten-Salt-Assisted Preparation of g-C₃N₄ for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride: Degradation Mechanism, Pathway, and Toxicity Assessment

by Yujie Jiao, Yaqi Mao, Qikai Liu, Yongxia Ma, Fei Fu, Shenglong Jian, Yang Liu and Sujin Lu

Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031166 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 246

Abstract

The sustainability of aquaculture tailwater plays a key role in the aquaculture industry. Photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant antibiotics in aquaculture tailwater has emerged as a significant research focus, with gCN-based photocatalysis offering a promising approach. To address the issue of inefficient degradation associated [...] Read more.

The sustainability of aquaculture tailwater plays a key role in the aquaculture industry. Photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant antibiotics in aquaculture tailwater has emerged as a significant research focus, with gCN-based photocatalysis offering a promising approach. To address the issue of inefficient degradation associated with gCN, melamine was modified using NaCl solution, resulting in the synthesis of NaMe-x with distinctive microstructure through molten salt assistance. The ability of NaMe-x to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) was examined, including an analysis of its degradation pathway, intermediate products, mechanism, and toxicity of the by-products. The results demonstrated that NaCl-based precursor modification markedly enhanced the degradation capacity of gCN for TC-HCl, achieving a maximum degradation rate of 0.02214 min⁻¹, which is 2.1 times higher than that of unmodified gCN. LC-MS analysis revealed intermediates at various degradation stages, and two potential pathways for TC-HCl degradation in the presence of NaMe-1 were identified. In this process, ·O₂⁻ and ·OH are the reactive radicals that play a dominant role, and their degradation mechanism is thus proposed. It was confirmed by toxicity experiments that the products after the degradation of TC-HCl by NaMe-1 were not significantly toxic to Chlorella vulgaris (p ˃ 0.05). However, it had a significant effect on Vibrio fischeri (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the synthesis of NaMe-x via melamine precursor modification substantially improves the degradation performance of gCN and enhances the sustainability of aquaculture tailwater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollution, Toxicology and Sustainable Solutions in Aquatic System)

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