TON S180

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TON S180
DESI Legacy Surveys image of TON S180.jpg
TON S180, as seen on DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Cetus
Right ascension 00h 57m 19.94s
Declination −22° 22′ 59.10″
Redshift 0.061980
Heliocentric radial velocity 18,581 km/s
Distance 827 Mly (253.55 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude  (V)14.34
Apparent magnitude  (B)14.6
Characteristics
Type SABa, Sy1.2
Apparent size  (V)0.35' x 0.29'
Other designations
IRAS F00548-2238, PHL 912, EUVE J0057-22.3, LEDA 87796, RX J0057.3-2222, LEDA 815045

TON S180 (abbreviation of Tonantzintla S180) is a Seyfert galaxy located in the southern constellation of Cetus. It is located 827 million light years from Earth. [1] The galaxy is classified as a quasi-stellar object (QSO) because of its high luminosity and is located 3.6 degrees northeast from NGC 253, and 2.8 degrees southeast from NGC 247. [2]

Contents

Discovery and observation

TON S180 was first discovered in the year 1958 by Mexican astronomers who catalogued the object as entry number 180 under the Tonantzintla Blue Stellar Object Survey. In 1962 the object was then catalogued as PHL 912 by the Palomar-Haro-Luyten Survey. Subsequently, in 1980 and 1995, TON S180 was detected as an ultraviolet emitter by the Kiso Schmidt Camera Survey and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. [2]

Characteristics

TON S180 is categorized a narrow-line Seyfert galaxy. [3] [4] [5] It has a prototype 'bare' active galactic nucleus with a total infrared luminosity of Lbol ~ 5 x1045 erg s-1, but no traces of absorption. [4] The galaxy has a vertical soft X-ray spectrum measuring a photon index of Γ = 2.68 [6] and a Hβ width measuring 900 km s-1. [7] In addition, TON S180 has a short galactic column density along the line of sight, approximately NH = 1.52 x 1020 cm-2. It has an absolute magnitude of MB = -23.1 [8] and an estimated central black hole mass of M ~ 2 x 107 MΘ. [9] According to a spectral energy distribution presented for TON S180, it is shown more energy is emitted in the 10-100 eV band. [9]

The host galaxy of TON S180 is a spiral galaxy of type SABa classification. The galaxy appears as a star-like object found obscured by its own circular halo. [2] It contains a sharp and narrow iron line, as well as having a smooth soft excess unable to be produced by relativistic reflection based on observations of its X-ray spectrum. [10]

TON S180 is known to be extremely variable compared to other Seyfert galaxies. Every few thousand seconds, its X-ray flux would show a factor of 2 variability, which, comparing to both the 0.5-2 and 2-10 keV bands, the former has a significantly high σ 2 root mean square. [8] According to the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, which acquired a high-resolution spectra for the galaxy, TON S180 shows ultraviolet absorption by five-times ionized oxygen but no hydrogen absorption, indicating its absorbing gas is currently in a high ionization state. [11]

Related Research Articles

An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. Such excess, non-stellar emissions have been observed in the radio, microwave, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an active galaxy. The non-stellar radiation from an AGN is theorized to result from the accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole at the center of its host galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reionization</span> Process that caused matter to reionize early in the history of the Universe

In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology, reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5548</span> Type I Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Boötes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ionization cone</span> Astronomical phenomenon

Ionization cones are cones of ionized material extending from active galactic nuclei, predominantly observed in type II Seyfert galaxies. They are detected through their emission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum. The main method of observation is through spectroscopy, using spectral line analysis to measure the shape of the ionized region and the condition of the material such as temperature, density, composition, and degree of ionization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3C 305</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

3C 305, also known as IC 1065, is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Draco. The galaxy is located 577 million light-years away from Earth. It has an active galactic nucleus and is classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy. This galaxy was discovered by American astronomer Lewis Swift on April 7th, 1888.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4698</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4698 is a barred spiral galaxy located around 55 million light years away from Earth in the constellation of Virgo. It belongs to the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and is positioned near the northeastern edge of this assemblage. The morphological classification of NGC 4698 in the De Vaucouleurs system is SA(s)ab, which indicates a purely spiral structure with moderate to tightly wound arms. It is inclined to the line of sight from the Earth by an angle of 53° along a position angle of 170°.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7130</span> Galaxy in the constellation Piscis Austrinus

NGC 7130 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Piscis Austrinus. It is located at a distance of about 220 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7130 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on September 25, 1834, and discovered independently by Lewis Swift on September 17, 1897. The location of the galaxy given in the New General Catalogue was off by 30 arcminutes in declination from the location of the galaxy.

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NGC 1386 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridanus. It is located at a distance of circa 53 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1386 is about 50,000 light years across. It is a Seyfert galaxy, the only one in Fornax Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4074</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">III Zw 2</span> Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Pisces

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extended emission-line region</span> Interstellar clouds

An extended emission-line region (EELR) is a giant interstellar cloud ionized by the radiation of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) inside a galaxy or photons produced by the shocks associated with the radio jets. An EELR can appear as a resolved cloud in relative nearby galaxies and as narrow emission lines in more distant galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markarian 817</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +29.30</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cancer

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRAS 09104+4109</span> Galaxy in the constellation Lynx

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PG 0844+349</span> Galaxy in the constellation Lynx

PG 0844+349, also known as TON 951, is a galaxy in the southern constellation Lynx, near the border of Cancer. Its redshift is 0.064000, putting the galaxy at 849 million light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +72.26</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Draco

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRAS 07598+6508</span> Quasar in the constellation Camelopardalis

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References

  1. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  2. 1 2 3 "TON S180". quasar.square7.ch. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  3. ↑ Nardini, E.; Fabian, A. C.; Walton, D. J. (2012-05-16). "Investigating the reflection contribution to the X-ray emission of Ton S180". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (4): 3299–3307. arXiv: 1204.4451 . Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.3299N. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21123.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  4. 1 2 Matzeu, GA; Nardini, E; Parker, ML; Reeves, JN; Braito, V; Porquet, D (2020). "The first broad-band X-ray view of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 Ton S180". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 497 (2): 2352–2370. arXiv: 2007.06575 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa2076 .
  5. ↑ Vennes, Stéphane; Polomski, Elisha; Bowyer, Stuart; Thorstensen, John R. (1995-07-20). "Discovery of Extreme-Ultraviolet Radiation from the Seyfert Galaxy Ton S180 (=EUVE J0057−223)". The Astrophysical Journal. 448 (1). Bibcode:1995ApJ...448L...9V. doi:10.1086/309599. ISSN   0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Comastri, A.; Fiore, F.; Guainazzi, M.; Matt, G.; Stirpe, G. M.; Zamorani, G.; Brandt, W. N.; Leighly, K. M.; Piro, L.; Molendi, S.; Parmar, A. N.; Siemiginowska, A.; Puchnarewicz, E. M. (1998-05-01). "BeppoSAX observations of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. I. Ton S 180". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 333: 31–37. arXiv: astro-ph/9712182 . Bibcode:1998A&A...333...31C. ISSN   0004-6361.
  7. ↑ Takahashi, Hiroaki; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Anabuki, Naohisa (2010-12-25). "Suzaku Wide-Band X-Ray Observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 62 (6): 1483–1494. doi:10.1093/pasj/62.6.1483. ISSN   2053-051X.
  8. 1 2 Turner, T. J.; George, I. M.; Nandra, K. (December 1998). "X-Ray Signatures of an Ionized Reprocessor in the Seyfert Galaxy Ton S180". The Astrophysical Journal. 508 (2): 648–656. arXiv: astro-ph/9806393 . Bibcode:1998ApJ...508..648T. doi:10.1086/306434. ISSN   0004-637X.
  9. 1 2 Turner, T. J.; Romano, P.; Kraemer, S. B.; George, I. M.; Yaqoob, T.; Crenshaw, D. M.; Storm, J.; Alloin, D.; Lazzaro, D.; Da Silva, L.; Pritchard, J. D.; Kriss, G.; Zheng, W.; Mathur, S.; Wang, J. (2002-03-20). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Seyfert Galaxy Ton S180". The Astrophysical Journal. 568 (1): 120–132. arXiv: astro-ph/0111514 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...568..120T. doi:10.1086/338925. ISSN   0004-637X.
  10. ↑ Parker, M. L.; Miller, J. M.; Fabian, A. C. (2017-11-06). "X-ray reflection from the inner disc of the AGN Ton S180". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 474 (2): 1538–1544. arXiv: 1710.11166 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2861 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  11. ↑ Rożańska, A.; Czerny, B.; Siemiginowska, A.; Dumont, A.-M.; Kawaguchi, T. (January 2004). "The Origin of Emission and Absorption Features in Ton S180ChandraObservations". The Astrophysical Journal. 600 (1): 96–105. arXiv: astro-ph/0309430 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...600...96R. doi:10.1086/379643. ISSN   0004-637X.
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