Chicken feet are cooked and eaten in many countries. After an outer layer of hard skin is removed,most of the edible tissue on the feet consists of skin and tendons,with no muscle. This gives the feet a distinct gelatinous texture different from the rest of the chicken meat.
Chicken feet from a dim sum restaurant in the Netherlands
Chicken feet are used in several regional Chinese cuisines;they can be served as a beer snack,cold dish,soup or main dish. They are interchangeably called Fèng zhǎo (鳯爪,phoenix claws),Jīzhǎo (鷄爪,chicken claws),and Jījiǎo (雞脚,chicken feet).
In Guangdong and Hong Kong,[1] they are typically deep fried and steamed first to make them puffy before being stewed and simmered in a sauce flavoured with black fermented beans,bean paste,and sugar;[2] or in abalone sauce.
Salt-baked chicken feet sold in China,vacuum-packed and ready to eat.
In mainland China,popular snack bars specializing in marinated food such as yabozi (duck's necks) also sell lu ji zhua (鹵雞爪,marinated chicken feet),which are simmered with soy sauce,Sichuanese peppercorn,clove,garlic,star anise,cinnamon,and chili flakes. Today,packaged chicken feet are sold in most grocery stores and supermarkets in China as a snack,often seasoned with rice vinegar and chili. Another popular recipe is bai yun feng zhao (白雲鳯爪),which is marinated in a sauce of rice vinegar,rice wine flavored with sugar,salt,and minced ginger for an extended period and served as a cold dish. In southern China,they also cook chicken feet with raw peanuts to make a thin soup.
The huge demand in China raises the price of chicken feet,which are often used as fodder in other countries. As of June 2011,1kg of raw chicken feet costs around 12 to 16 yuan in China,compared to 11–12 yuan for 1kg of frozen chicken breast. In 2000,Hong Kong,once the largest entrepôt for shipping chicken feet from over 30 countries,traded a total of 420,000 tons of chicken feet at the value of US$230 million.[3] Two years after joining the WTO in 2001,China approved the direct import of American chicken feet,and since then China has been the major destination of chicken feet from around the globe.[3]
Aside from chicken feet,duck feet are also popular.[4] Duck feet with mustard,which is often served with vinegar,fresh green pepper,and crushed garlic,is a popular salad/appetizer.
Eastern Europe
Moldovan chicken racitura. In this serving,chicken legs were removed after boiling.
In Indonesian cuisine,chicken feet are known as ceker,and it is a common popular delicacy in Indonesia,especially in Java. The most common way to serve chicken feet in Indonesia is in a spicy traditional soup called soto,nevertheless,the Chinese style dimsum chicken feet are also available in some Chinese restaurants in Indonesia. Soto ceker[5] is chicken foot served in rather clear yellowish spicy soto broth soup,which uses spices including ground shallot,garlic,galangal,ginger,candlenut,bruised lemongrass,daun salam (Indonesian bay leaf) and turmeric that add the yellowish color,served with cabbage,celery,rice noodles,and garnished to taste with sambal,lime and soy.[6]
Soto ceker is one of the popular street foods in Jakarta,Bali,Surabaya,Bandung,and most of the major cities in Indonesia. In street-side warung or humble restaurants,soto ceker is usually offered as a variation of popular soto ayam (chicken soto),which employs the identical soup base with chicken soto. A popular soto ceker stall such as Soto Ceker Pak Ali in Gandaria Street,South Jakarta,can use up to 40 kilograms of chicken feet every day,although the stall is only open from 4 p.m. to 11 p.m.,and can reap Rp 5 million (US$360) in sales each day.[7]
Another popular way to prepare chicken feet is serving it in a simple soup (sop or sup) called sop ceker,which mainly contains chicken broth,chicken feet,vegetables,especially potato and carrot,shallot,garlic,and black pepper. The deep-fried peeled chicken feet,which have been separated from their bones,might be served as a crispy snack treats as kripik ceker (chicken feet crackers).
In Indonesia,soft peeled boneless chicken feet are a popular choice for baby food —given to babies between 6 and 12 months old. It is often served as nasi tim:steamed rice with boneless chicken feet,mashed liver,and vegetable broth.[8] Chicken feet which consist of tendons,skin,and cartilage,are rich in gelatinous collagen,and are traditionally believed to be beneficial for infants' skin,nails,joints,and bone development.[9][10]
Jamaica
In Jamaican cuisine,chicken feet are mainly used to make chicken foot soup.[11] The soup contains yams,potatoes,green bananas,dumplings,and special spices in addition to the chicken feet,and is slow-cooked for a minimum of two hours. Chicken feet are also curried or stewed and served as a main part of a meal.
Korea
Dakbal-bokkeum (stir-fried chicken feet)
In Korea,chicken feet are known as dakbal (닭발),and grilled or stir-fried with hot chili sauce. There are many types of cooking methods,including bone-free,cooked with soup,and so on. They are often eaten as anju (food served with alcohol).
Kosher
Chicken feet are commonly used as a main or supplementary ingredient in kosherchicken soup.[12]
Malaysia
Chicken feet are also known as ceker in Malaysia and are traditionally popular mostly among Malays of Javanese,Chinese,and Siamese descent. Many traditional Malay restaurants in the state of Johor offer chicken feet that are cooked together with Malay-style curry and eaten with roti canai. In the state of Selangor,chicken feet are either boiled in soup until the bones are soft with vegetables and spices or deep fried in palm oil. Chicken feet are also eaten by Malaysian Chinese in traditional Chinese cooking style.
Mexico
Chicken feet (also known as “patitas”) are a popular ingredient across Mexico,particularly in stews and soups. They are often steamed to become part of a main dish with rice,vegetables,and most likely another part of the chicken,such as the breast or thighs. The feet can be seasoned with mole sauce. On occasion,they are breaded and fried.
Many people will also take the chicken feet in hand as a snack and chew the soft outer skin,while the inner bone structure is left uneaten. Another such popular snack is chicken necks (also known as "pescuezos") that are usually sold by street vendors and accompanied with salsa Valentina (hot sauce).
In the Philippines,chicken feet are marinated in a mixture of calamansi,spices,and brown sugar before being grilled. A popular staple in Philippine street food,chicken feet are commonly known as "adidas" (named after the athletic shoe brand Adidas). Chicken feet is also an ingredient in Philippine adobo.
Portugal
In Portugal,chicken feet are popular in the Azores. Normally cooked into a fried rice with spices and olive oil or accompanied with a side of rice. It can be stewed with beans or made as a one pot dish. Cilantro is added in mainland Portugal for additional taste.
South Africa
In South Africa,chicken feet are mainly eaten in townships in all nine provinces,where they are known as "walkie talkies" (together with the head,intestine,hearts and giblets),"runaways","chicken dust" and "Amanqina" (in isiXhosa) [13] The feet are submerged in hot water,so the outer layer of the skin can be removed by peeling it off,and then covered in seasonings and grilled. The name "chicken dust" derives from the dust chickens create when scratching the ground with their feet. They are often eaten as a snack.
In Thai cuisine,the chicken feet are served in a variety of dishes,such as in a version of chicken green curry.
Trinidad
In Trinidad,the chicken feet are cleaned,seasoned,boiled in seasoned water,and left to soak with cucumbers,onions,peppers and green seasoning until cool. It is eaten as a party dish called chicken foot souse.
Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. Most tripe is from cattle,pigs and sheep.
Satay,or sate in Indonesia,is a Javanese dish of seasoned,skewered and grilled meat,served with a sauce. Satay originated in Java,but has spread throughout Indonesia,into Southeast Asia,Europe,America,and beyond.
Offal,also called variety meats,pluck or organ meats,is the internal organs of a butchered animal. The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs,and these lists of organs vary with culture and region,but usually exclude skeletal muscle. Offal may also refer to the by-products of milled grains,such as corn or wheat.
Indonesian cuisine is a collection of various regional culinary traditions that formed in the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. There are a wide variety of recipes and cuisines in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago,with more than 1,300 ethnic groups.
Malay cuisine is the traditional food of the ethnic Malays of Southeast Asia,residing in modern-day Malaysia,Indonesia,Singapore,Brunei,Southern Thailand and the Philippines as well as Cocos Islands,Christmas Island,Sri Lanka and South Africa.
Singaporean cuisine is derived from several ethnic groups in Singapore and has developed through centuries of political,economic,and social changes in the cosmopolitan city-state.
Noodle soup refers to a variety of soups with noodles and other ingredients served in a light broth. Noodle soup is a common dish across East Asia,Southeast Asia and the Himalayan states of South Asia. Various types of noodles are used,such as rice noodles,wheat noodles and egg noodles.
Chinese Indonesian cuisine is characterized by the mixture of Chinese with local Indonesian style. Chinese Indonesians,mostly descendant of Han ethnic Hokkien and Hakka speakers,brought their legacy of Chinese cuisine,and modified some of the dishes with the addition of Indonesian ingredients,such as kecap manis,palm sugar,peanut sauce,chili,santan and local spices to form a hybrid Chinese-Indonesian cuisine. Some of the dishes and cakes share the same style as in Malaysia and Singapore,known as Nyonya cuisine by the Peranakan.
Peranakan cuisine or Nyonya cuisine comes from the Peranakans,descendants of early Chinese migrants who settled in Penang,Malacca,Singapore and Indonesia,inter-marrying with local Malays. In Baba Malay,a female Peranakan is known as a nonya,and a male Peranakan is known as a baba. The cuisine combines Chinese,Malay,Javanese,South Indian,and other influences.
Lontong is an Indonesian dish made of compressed rice cake in the form of a cylinder wrapped inside a banana leaf,commonly found in Indonesia,Malaysia,and Singapore. Rice is rolled inside a banana leaf and boiled,then cut into small cakes as a staple food replacement for steamed rice. The texture is similar to that of ketupat,with the difference being that the ketupat container is made from woven janur fronds,while lontong uses banana leaf instead.
Javanese cuisine is the cuisine of Javanese people,a major ethnic group in Indonesia,more precisely the province of Central Java,Yogyakarta and East Java.
Padang dish or Minangkabau dish is the cuisine of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra,Indonesia. It is among the most popular cuisines in Maritime Southeast Asia. It is known across Indonesia as Masakan Padang after Padang,the capital city of Western Sumatra province. It is served in restaurants mostly owned by perantauan (migrating) Minangkabau people in Indonesian cities. Padang food is ubiquitous in Indonesian cities and is popular in neighboring Malaysia and Singapore.
Sundanese cuisine is the cuisine of the Sundanese people of Western Java,and Banten,Indonesia. It is one of the most popular foods in Indonesia. Sundanese food is characterised by its freshness;the famous lalab eaten with sambal and also karedok demonstrate the Sundanese fondness for fresh raw vegetables. Unlike the rich and spicy taste,infused with coconut milk and curry of Minangkabau cuisine,the Sundanese cuisine displays the simple and clear taste;ranged from savoury salty,fresh sourness,mild sweetness,to hot and spicy.
Soto mie,Soto mi,or Mee soto is a spicy Indonesian noodle soup dish commonly found in Indonesia,Malaysia,and Singapore. Mie means noodle made of flour,salt and egg,while soto refers to Indonesian soup. In Indonesia,it is called soto mie and is considered one variant of soto,while in Malaysia and Singapore it is called mee soto.
Betawi cuisine is rich,diverse and eclectic,in part because the Betawi people that create them were composed from numbers of regional immigrants that came from various places in the Indonesian archipelago,as well as Chinese,Indian,Arab,and European traders,visitors and immigrants that were attracted to the port city of Batavia since centuries ago.
Soto is a traditional Indonesian soup mainly composed of broth,meat,and vegetables. Many traditional soups are called soto,whereas foreign and Western influenced soups are called sop.
Indian Indonesian cuisine is characterized by the mixture of Indian cuisine with local Indonesian-style. This cuisine consists of adaptations of authentic dishes from India,as well as original creations inspired by the diverse food culture of Indonesia. Indian influence can be observed in Indonesia as early as the 4th century. Following the spread of Islam to Indonesia and trading,Muslim Indian as well as Arab influences made their way into Indonesian cuisine. Examples include Indian biryani,murtabak,curry and paratha that influenced Acehnese,Minangkabau,Malay,Palembangese,Betawi and Javanese cuisine.
Indonesian noodles are a significant aspect of Indonesian cuisine which is itself very diverse. Indonesian cuisine recognizes many types of noodles,with each region of the country often developing its own distinct recipes.
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