Appendix:Aiwa word lists
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Aiwa (Tequiraca) word lists:
Michael & Beier (2012)
[edit]Aiwa lexical items listed in Michael & Beier (2012):[1]
| gloss | Aiwa (aˈʔɨwa) |
|---|---|
| (my) husband | (kun) aˈʃap |
| (my) head | (kun) ˈhuti |
| (my) brother | (kun) auˈʃaʔ |
| (my) knee | (kun) kuˈpɨnu |
| 1st person pronoun | kun |
| 2nd person pronoun | kin |
| 3rd person pronoun, demonstrative | jan |
| agouti | aʃˈpali |
| alone, single | iˈʃam |
| approach | jaˈsik |
| autonym | aˈʔɨwa |
| ayahuasca | lukˈʔãk |
| barbasco (fish poison) | maˈlahi |
| basket | ˈhaʔu |
| bathe! | haɾ kin tsuk |
| big | tuˈkut |
| big head | hutuˈluk |
| big-bellied person | aˈɾuh tʃuˈluk |
| bird sp. (woodpecker) | isaˈɾawi |
| bird sp. (paujil) | wiˈkoɾõ |
| bird sp. (partridge) | hũʔˈʃũlũ |
| bird sp. (pucacunga) | ɾoˈʔele |
| bird sp. (vaca muchacho) | kʷãˈʔũli |
| blue and yellow macaw | alkahˈneke |
| breast | aˈkiʃ |
| caiman | amˈhala |
| canoe | aˈtɾewa |
| capuchin monkey sp. | ɾũtɾũˈkʲãwã |
| capuchin monkey sp.’ | waˈnaha |
| cat sp. (tigrillo) | hũhũkũˈpãʔ |
| cleared path | tasˈʔãʔĩ |
| clothing | kuhˈpaw |
| coati | ʃakˈɾaɾa |
| come! | ˈsikʷas |
| cooking fire | asˈkʷãwa |
| corn | suˈkala |
| cotton | nuiˈnui |
| deer | atɾiˈwaʔa |
| earth | ahulˈtaʔ |
| eat! | iˈtakʷas |
| eye | jaˈtuk |
| firewood | wiɾuˈkawa |
| garden | tahaˈɾũʔũ |
| give | ɨˈwɨt |
| have sex | hiˈtʃinuas |
| here | ˈhiɾwas |
| hit | ˈpɨwas |
| I am bathing | kun inˈtsukwas |
| jaguar | miˈala |
| leaf | iˈɾapi |
| little woman | aslantaˈnia |
| little, a little bit | iˈʃikta |
| masato, yuca beer | nutˈnɨt |
| monk saki monkey sp. | kʷɨˈɾiɾi |
| mosquito | wiˈʃala |
| no | ˈtʃahtaɾ |
| non-indigenous person | ˈpaɾi |
| penis | jatˈhaka |
| pepper | aˈlaha |
| potato variety | jaunaˈhi |
| red macaw | milahˈneke |
| see | uˈkaik |
| snake | auˈʔek |
| squirrel monkey | siˈaʔa |
| stingray sp. | hamˈham |
| stingray sp. | makɾaˈlasi |
| sugar cane | raiwãˈʔãk |
| sun, moon, God | akɾeˈwak |
| tamarin monkey | aslʲaˈʔãũ |
| tapir | ˈsahi |
| tree | ˈau |
| white-lipped peccary | ɾaˈkãʔõ |
| ? | niˈkʲaw |
Table comparing Aiwa (Tequiraca) with Waorani, Iquito, and Maijiki (mã́ḯhˈkì; Orejón) from Michael & Beier (2012):[1]
| gloss | Aiwa (aˈʔɨwa) | Waorani | Iquito | Maijiki (mã́ḯhˈkì) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| white-lipped peccary | ɾaˈkãʔõ | ˈɨɾæ̃ | anitáaki | bɨ́ɾɨ́ |
| tapir | ˈsahi | ˈtitæ | pɨsɨ́kɨ | békɨ́ |
| collared peccary | iˈhaɾa | ˈãmũ | kaáʃi | káókwã̀ |
| deer | atɾiˈwaʔ | koˈwãnʲɪ | ʃikʲáaha | nʲámà, bósá |
| red macaw | milahˈneke | ˈæ̃wæ̃ | anápa | má |
| mosquito | wiˈʃala | ˈgʲijɪ | anaáʃi | mɨ́tè |
| (my) mother | (kun) ˈama | ˈbaɾã | áni, (ki) niatíha | (jì) hàkò, bɨ́ákò |
| (my) father | (kun) ha | ˈmæ̃mpo | ákɨ, (ki) kakɨ́ha | (jì) hàkɨ̀, bɨ́ákɨ̀ |
| person, compatriot | aˈʔɨwa | waɨɤˈɾãni | árata ɨyáana | mã́ĩ́ |
| (my) husband | (kun) aˈʃap | nãnɨˈɡæ̃ŋã | ahaáha, (ki) níjaaka | (jì) ɨ̃́hɨ̃́ |
| head | ˈhuti | ɨˈkabu | ánaka | tʃṍbɨ̀ |
| ear | ʃuˈɾala | ɨ̃nɨ̃ˈmɨ̃ŋka | túuku | ɡã́hòɾò |
| breast | aˈkiʃ | ɤɨˈɨ̃mæ̃ | ʃipɨɨ́ha | óhéjò |
| pepper (hot or sweet) | aˈlaha | ˈɡʲĩmũ | napɨ́ki | bíà |
| cotton | nuiˈnui | ˈdajɨ̃ | sɨ́wɨ | jɨ́í |
| leaf | iˈɾapi | ɨ̃ˈnʲabu, ɨdʲɨ̃ | iímɨ, naámɨ | hàò |
| plantain | aˈlaʔa | pæ̃ˈæ̃næ̃ | samúkʷaati | ò |
| corn | suˈkala | kaˈɤĩŋɨ̃ | siíkiraha | béà |
| cooking fire | asˈkʷãwa | ˈɡɨ̃ŋa | iinámi | tóà |
| canoe | aˈtɾewa | ˈwipu | iímina | jóù |
| house | atˈku, atˈkua | ˈɨ̃ŋkɨ̃ | íita | wè |
| firewood | wiɾuˈkawa | tɪ̃ˈnɪ̃wæ̃ | háraki | héká |
| yuca or corn beer | nutˈnɨt | ˈtɪpæ̃ | itíniiha | gónó |
| stone | nuˈklahi | ˈdika | sawíha | ɨ́nò, ɡɨ́nò |
| sun | akreˈwak | ˈnæ̃ŋkɪ | nunamíja | mã́ĩ̀ |
| small | iˈʃikta | ˈɡʲiijã | sɨsanuríka | jàɾì |
| what? | iˈkiɾi | kʲĩnɨ̃ | saáka | ɨ̃́ɡè |
| where? | ˈnahɾi | æjɨ̃ˈmɨ̃nɨ̃ | tɨɨ́ti | káɾó |
| no | ˈtʃahtar | ˈwĩĩ | kaa | -mà |
| come! | sik, ˈsikʷas | ˈpũɪ | aníma | dáímà |
Beier & Michael (2023)
[edit]Below is a word list of Aiwa from Beier & Michael (2023), compiled from different sources.[2] Beier & Michael collected data from Delia Andi Macahuachi (elicited in 2008 and 2010) and María Estrella Clavoy (elicited in 2008), two Aiwa speakers, while the other sources compared are Tessmann (1930), Espinosa Pérez (1955), and Villarejo (1959).
| Gloss | Delia Andi Macahuachi (2008, 2010) | María Estrella Clavoy (2008) | Tessmann (1930)[3] | Barrio, in Espinosa Pérez (1955)[4] | Villarejo (1959)[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ku, kun, kua | cua (‘yo’) | |||
| 1st possessive | kun | cunarui (‘mío’) | |||
| 2nd person | ki, kin | quia (‘tú’) | |||
| 2nd possessive | kin | ||||
| 3rd person | jan | naa (‘él’) | |||
| 3rd plural | cajieneque (‘ellos’) | ||||
| abdomen | cutjee | ||||
| achiote (Bixa orellana) | uθlawã́n | ||||
| air | ujua | ||||
| alone, single, one.1 | iˈʃam | ismáwa | ishama (‘uno’) | ||
| alone, single, one.2 | iˈʃamta | ||||
| already, now, just now | haɾ | ||||
| anteater (oso hormiguero, Myrmecophaga tridactyla) | utwi | ||||
| anus | koolã́xa | ||||
| arm | cunupjawa | ||||
| arrow | huasricrue | ||||
| axe[6] | aksakū́ka | ||||
| ayahuasca | lukˈʔãk | aktĕwirīki (‘Kaapi drink’) | anticjuiri | ||
| balsa raft | tramünkorā́u[7] | ||||
| bark | awŭnakṓt[8] | ||||
| basket | haˈʔu | haṓ | |||
| bathe | tsuk | ||||
| bean variety | õhõɾṍʔã | ||||
| become night | jawˈlak, jawlaˈʔak[9] | ||||
| bench, seat | apweʔ | ||||
| beverage (non-alcoholic) | θiā́ta[10] | ||||
| big.1 | tuˈkut | ||||
| big.2 | tuˈluk | ||||
| big.3 | tʃuˈluk | ||||
| big head | hutuˈluk | ||||
| big tree | ˈau tuˈluk | ||||
| black | lōʼāk[11] | nuaque | |||
| Black Agouti (añuje, Dasyprocta fuliginosa) | aʃˈpali | aʃpálε | ashpari | ||
| blanket (cotton) | uksahúwa (?)[12] | ||||
| blood | araque | ||||
| boa (Eunectes sp.) | yĕtmö̆tkáka | yatnetkake | |||
| bracelet (woven) | arĭú | ||||
| breast | aˈkiʃ | ||||
| breath | hũṅ | ||||
| bridge | tramünkorā́u[13] | ||||
| broom | umsíwa | ||||
| buttocks | koxīí̯ | ||||
| caiman (lagarto) | amˈhala | amhála | atšipa | ||
| canoe | atˈɾewa | atɾewa | - (atrḗwa)[14] | atrewa | |
| Capuchin Monkey sp. 1[15] | ɾũtɾũˈkjãwã | utɾuhiwa | |||
| Capuchin Monkey sp. 2[16] | waˈnaha | ||||
| cat sp. (tigrillo)[17] | hũhũkũˈpãʔ | ||||
| chest | cusarmasi | ||||
| chicken | uˈlumu (also duck) | aã̇ | ajau | ||
| chief | wā́ya (‘Hauptling’) | hani-cuctani (‘curaca’) | |||
| clay dish | rȫ́x̱i | ||||
| clay jar (tinaja) | yagmunkȫ́w̱a | yacnuejonren | |||
| clay pot | amáhrawa | oθlaláwa | |||
| cleared path | tasˈʔãʔĩ | tashai | |||
| clothing | kuhˈpaw | ||||
| coati (achuni, Nasua nasua) | ʃakˈɾaɾa | ||||
| cohabitate | kokãȧ | ||||
| Collared Peccary (sajino, Tayassu tajacu) | iˈhaɾa | ihára | |||
| come | sik | ||||
| Common Squirrel Monkey (mono fraile, Saimiri sciureus) | siˈʔaʔa | ||||
| cooking fire | asˈkwãwa | yahaõ̯ṅ̇ | nejun | ||
| cooking pot | notapáwa | nutriwa | atuca (but see eye) | ||
| corn | suˈkala, suˈkali | sakala | sukā́la | sukala | sucala |
| cotton | nuiˈnui | taxθoā́ka | |||
| cotton thread | nokṷḗ | ||||
| dawn | yarquián | ||||
| day | rekiau | ||||
| deer sp. (venado, Mazama sp.)[18] | atɾiˈwaʔ(a) | atɾiwáʔa | atrihua | ||
| demon | aˈlahi | axḍaxĕ | alaje (‘diablo’) | ||
| digit (finger, toe) | iquiwa | ||||
| door | alkwaxḗri | ||||
| duck | uˈlumu (also chicken) | ulumu | |||
| Dusky Titi Monkey (tocón, Callicebus moloch cupreus) | suˈkali | sukaáli | |||
| eagle (gavilán) | ũhũˈɾũã | ||||
| ear | ʃuˈɾala | otoroã | uknoxa | ucnoja | |
| earth | ahulˈtaʔ | okʼā́kĕ[19] | utaque | ||
| eat.1 | iˈtak | atcuñkel | |||
| eat.2 | ʃaˈlin | ||||
| egg | ate | ||||
| eye.1 | jaˈtuk | atū́ka̯ | átuka | atuca (given as ‘olla’) | |
| eye.2 | utˈkuʔ | ||||
| fan (chambira fiber) | ŭmkīẃa | ||||
| fan (for fire) | utkurã́’wa[20] | ||||
| female child | tee | ||||
| fire drill base | tikīŕa | ||||
| fire drill stick | nutrīõ̇ | ||||
| firewood | wiɾuˈkawa | ||||
| fish (generic) | aker (‘pez grande’) | atsua | |||
| fish sp. (bujurqui, Cichla sp.) | aklasi | ||||
| fish sp. (huasaco, Hoplias barbaricus) | akˈsala | aksãla | |||
| fish sp. (sábalo, Brycon sp.) | aˈkere | akέɾε | |||
| fish sp. (shuyo, Erythrinidae sp.) | ahkaˈɾũʔũ | áhkaɾũʔũ | |||
| fishhook | osȫū̱́ | ||||
| fishtrap (woven) | mwütā́a̯le | ||||
| fish poison (barbasco, Lonchocarpus nicou) | maˈlahi | ||||
| fish poison (Clibadium sp.) | nunáḵa | ||||
| fish poison (Tephrosia sp.) | sōkōḗḵ[21] | sucuaque (‘cube’) | |||
| flute | wãli-wã́li | ||||
| food | atcunek | ||||
| foot | cutalma | ||||
| garden (chacra) | tahaˈɾũʔũ | ||||
| give | ɨˈwɨt | atwɨʔɨ (‘dame’) | |||
| go.1 | uˈkajk | ||||
| go.2 | aˈuk | ||||
| God | akɾeˈwak (also sun, moon) | acrocac-ruke | |||
| gourd bowl | āoʼrḗki[22] | ||||
| Gray-winged Trumpeter (chambira, Psophia crepitans) | akˈɾiʔi (also trompetero) | ||||
| grub | muhuhuj | ||||
| hammock | ū́ni | uñe | |||
| hand | akokīẃă | cuespen | |||
| hard | ajiri | ||||
| have sex | hiˈtʃin | ||||
| head (my head) | ˈhuti (kun ˈhuti) | awarēkĕ | konxuti | conjuti | |
| here.1 | hik | ||||
| here.2 | hiɾ | ||||
| hit | pɨ | ||||
| house | atˈku, atˈkua | atwáʔu, atkuʔa | atkū́a | atku | atcu |
| house: my big house | kun atˈku tuˈkut | ||||
| house: my house | kun atˈkua[23] | ||||
| house support | harā́wi | ||||
| house wall | awŭnakṓt[24] | ||||
| huito (Genipa americana) | wīt́o (Quechua loan) | ||||
| hurt | ih | ||||
| husband | aˈʃap | aʃapa | |||
| hut | haikirã́wĕ | ||||
| illegitimate child | yaĕšárŏ | ||||
| Iquito-Cahuarano people | atá̱u̯ | ||||
| jaguar (tigre, Panthera onca) | miˈala | miiaʔja | miyā́lĕ | miala | miara |
| Kichwa people | aθaā́kĕ | ||||
| kin: aunt | eˈʔetu (or nephew) | atéto, eʔetu | |||
| kin: brother | awˈʃaʔ | arima | |||
| kin: daughter.1 | kuˈkat | ||||
| kin: daughter.2 | kutaˈtuna | kutatuna | |||
| kin: daughter-in-law | kutwaʔ, utwaʔ | ||||
| kin: father (my father) | ha (kun ha) | kúnhaa | cuntjee | ||
| kin: granddaughter | kuˈkata | kukaata | |||
| kin: grandfather | aɨtu, aweto | ||||
| kin: grandmother | aɛta, aɨta | ||||
| kin: grandson | kuˈkatikta | aʔetu, kukát | |||
| kin: mother (my mother) | ˈama (kun ˈama) | ama | |||
| kin: nephew | eˈʔetu (or aunt) | ||||
| kin: niece | akˈasi | akási | |||
| kin: sister | aˈlun (or niece) | aʔɨtu, atuwáʔa | aritu | ||
| kin: son | kuˈtaʔa | kutaʔa | ca??? (illegible) | ||
| kin: uncle | atϕio | ||||
| knee | kuˈpɨnu | ||||
| know | niˈkih | ||||
| lake | lukatwahi | ||||
| lance | awís̵ɨ | axyakṓ¸ḵĕ | |||
| lazy, idle | ahˈluʔ(u) | ||||
| leaf | iˈɾapi | iiɽapi | aunée | ||
| leg | atacapa | ||||
| lightning bolt | jiujiwe | ||||
| look | inˈaɾ | ||||
| Macaw, Blue-and-yellow (guacamayo amarillo, Ara ararauna) | alkahˈneke | ||||
| Macaw, Scarlet (guacamayo rojo, Ara macao) | milahˈneke | ||||
| machete | nuˈasa | nuása | |||
| makabo [sic][25] | ã́sa | ||||
| man | kunasápĕ | achapa | |||
| manatee (vaca marina, Trichechus inunguis) | jakapɨlɨ | ||||
| manioc (sweet, Manihot sp.) | kasáʔa | kasáa | acruc | ||
| manioc beer (masato) | nutˈnɨt | iiʔata, ijata | kasaā́ka̯, θiãta[26] | jiata | |
| moon | akɾeˈwak (also sun, God) | ȫ̱́sa | esa | ranae | |
| morning | racon | ||||
| mortar (grinding) | yakenū́a | ||||
| mosquito | wiˈʃala | wiʃála | |||
| mouth | araje | ||||
| night | lennee | ||||
| no | ˈtʃahtaɾ | tʃáha | canonorituc | ||
| non-indigenous person | ˈpaɾi | wüirákŭtš[27] | |||
| nose | sucalo | ||||
| old | yantatnec | ||||
| orphan | aɾiktaˈnia | aɾita | |||
| palm, cabbage (Euterpe oleracea) | tŏsīwa | ||||
| palm, chambira (Astrocaryum chambira) | akˈɾiʔi (also trompetero) | akɽíʔĩ | akriã́u | ||
| palm, moriche (aguaje, Mauritia flexuosa) | lukaʼaque | ||||
| palm, peach (pijuayo, Bactris gasipaes)[28] | āṙō | ||||
| palm beer, peach (chicha de pijuayo, Bactris gasipaes) | nutnét | aro-θiã́ta[29] | |||
| palm drink, ungurahui (Oenocarpus bataua) | hā́ku | ||||
| palm drink, moriche (aguaje, Mauritia flexuosa) | lukaā́k; alʼasi̯[30] | ||||
| palm fiber rope (Astrocaryum chambira) | ake̯rĩṅ̇ | ||||
| palm sp. (Carludovica trigona)[31] | rĩ́ō | ||||
| papaya | ataɾi | atáari | |||
| parrot | aϕise | araiwa | |||
| penis | jatˈhaka | kŏθā́ka | |||
| pepper (hot or sweet) | aˈlaha | hiʔo, hijoɨ | ofū́wa | akrakwi | aorawi |
| person, compatriot, autonym | aˈʔɨwa | aʔɨwa, aʔɨwɨ | tĕkirā́ka (ethnonym) | achuan (‘gente’) | |
| pestle | atréba | ||||
| pineapple | atʃuri, tʃuraka | ||||
| Pioché (Sekoya) people | aunátšuruk | ||||
| piripiri (Cyperus sp.) | nurá̱xa | ||||
| plantain | aˈlaʔa | aláʔa, alaáha | aḍā́a | alaa | alaha |
| plantain, sweet | waskiā́ka[32] | ||||
| pot-bellied person | aˈɾuh tʃuˈluk | ||||
| potato sp.1 (big) | ˈhaku, hakuˈɾuku | ||||
| potato sp.2 (yellow) | sukˈluhi | ||||
| potato sp.3 (huge) | jawnaˈhi | ||||
| rain | ˈihu | iju | |||
| rain, cold | siˈwaʔa | ||||
| red | taxḗkiă | sauna | |||
| Red Howler Monkey (mono coto, Alouatta seniculus) | ahˈlua | ahlúʔã | |||
| ripe plantain wine | aḍaáka | ||||
| river | awɨhi | ||||
| river dolphin | atʃúntapala | ||||
| roof beams | yănʼunkȫ̱́wa[33] | ||||
| roof support | yawarḗkĕ | ||||
| rotten thing | wahˈluk | ||||
| saki monkey sp. (huapo, Pithecia sp.) | kwɨˈɾiɾi | ||||
| Salvinʼs Currasow (paujil, Mitu salvini) | wiˈkoɾõ | wikõɽõ | |||
| salt | cachi (Quechua loan) | ||||
| say | utˈku | ||||
| see | uˈaɾ | ||||
| shaman, witch (‘brujo’) | örkaniθḗke | arkanicuaje | |||
| sick | jijislike | ||||
| skin | utcu | ||||
| skirt | uksakū́wa | ||||
| sleep | tuhɾaˈwak, tuhuɾaˈwak | atcoraque | |||
| small machete, knife | iˈʃikta nuˈasa | ||||
| small, a little bit | iˈʃikta | ||||
| Smooth-billed Ani (vaca muchacho, Crotophaga ani) | kwãˈʔũli | ||||
| snake (general) | awˈʔek(e) | awɨkɨ | awike | ||
| snap trap | notsȫ̱́o | ||||
| snare | wǐltsáwa̯ | ||||
| soft | roiki | ||||
| Solanaceae sp. with edible fruits | θáē | ||||
| soul, spirit | axlĕkḗkē | ||||
| spindle | axiakȫ̱kȫ̱ | ||||
| Spix’s Guan (pucacunga, Penelope jacquacu) | ɾoˈʔele | rúʔεle | |||
| stab | iˈsak | ||||
| star | yatuca | ||||
| stingray.1 | makɾaˈlasi | makɽálasi | |||
| stingray.2 | hamˈham | ||||
| stone | nukˈlahi | nukláhi | noklo̯ā́xe̯ | nucraje | |
| stone axe | asɨ | nuku̯láxi | |||
| sugarcane | ɾajwãˈʔãk | takraʔ | uskiwā́a̯ | ||
| sun | akɾeˈwak (also moon, God) | akroák | akro̯ā́k | akroake | acruaque |
| sweet potato | kasa-tai̯ (‘Süßkartoffel’) | ||||
| tamarin monkey sp. (pichico, Sanguinus sp.) | asλaˈʔãũ | ||||
| tapir (sachavaca, Tapirus terrestris) | ˈsahi | saahi | sā́xĕ | saji | |
| tayra (manco, Eira barbara) | aˈʔilu | ||||
| three | akū́wa | aacua | |||
| tinamou sp. (perdiz) | hũʔˈʃũlũ | húʔʃulu | |||
| tobacco | ahuu | – | tawác (SP loan) | ||
| tongue | axlīū́ | anuamasi | |||
| tooth, teeth | āka | kukwa (‘diente’) | atcunquiwa (‘dientes’) | ||
| tree | ˈau | áwa | ahua | ||
| trench | nŏtkā́sa | ||||
| tumpline | utnakȫ̱́wă | ||||
| turtle sp. (motelo) | aˈwi | aaʔwi | |||
| two | kisnáõ | quisnau | |||
| umbilical cord | amā́ru | ||||
| urinate | cusharara | ||||
| vagina | aʃˈui | ||||
| vulture | taˈɾãʔã | ||||
| vulva | košṓi | ||||
| want | anˈtet | ||||
| wash | taˈkaʃ | ||||
| water | ˈaʔwa (SP loan?) | wā́ē | kwái | yahuakeke | |
| what.int | iˈkiɾi | ||||
| where.int | ˈnahɾi | ||||
| white | sukḗe̱ | transae | |||
| White-bellied Spider Monkey (maquisapa, Ateles belzebuth) | aˈhaku | aháku | |||
| White-lipped Peccary (huangana, Tayassu pecari) | ɾaˈkãʔõ | ɽakã́ʔũ | |||
| widow | hankainīk̇ | ||||
| widower | hankainīḱ | ||||
| woman | aslaˈnek(e) | aslaneke (‘mujercita’); aluunuas (‘mujer grande’) | aslanḗ̱ | kukaa | aslaneque |
| woman, young.1 | aslantaˈnia | ||||
| woman, young.2 | samaktaˈnia | ||||
| woodpecker | isaˈɾawi | ||||
| Woolly Monkey (mono choro, Lagothrix lagothricha) | aʃˈluku | aʃlúuku | |||
| yam | tā́i (‘ñame’) | ||||
| Yanamuca L. (plant sp.) | könãū | ||||
| year | huelete | ||||
| yes | haˈʔãʔã | jaa | |||
| (no gloss) | niˈkjaw | ||||
| (no gloss) | wasˈnat |
Footnotes
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Michael, Lev and Christine Beier. 2012. Phonological sketch and classification of Aʔɨwa [ISO 639: ash]. Paper presented at the 2012 Winter meeting of the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA), Portland, OR, January 6, 2012.
- ^ Beier, Christine, Michael, Lev (2023) “Aʔɨwa”, in Epps, Patience, Michael, Lev, editors, Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates, volume I: Aikanã to Kandozi-Chapra, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 173-222
- ^ Tessmann, Günter. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus: Grundlegende Forschungen für eine systematische Kulturkunde. Hamburg: Friederichsen, De Gruyter & Co.
- ^ Espinosa Pérez, Lucas. 1955. Contribuciones lingüísticas y etnográficas sobre algunos pueblos indígenas del Amazonas peruano. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Bernardino de Sahagún.
- ^ Villarejo, Avencio. 1959. La selva y el hombre: Estudio antropocosmológico del aborigen amazónico. Lima: Editorial Ausonia.
- ^ See also ‘stone axe’.
- ^ Tessmann specifies that the name for ‘balsa raft’ is the same as the name for ‘bridge’.
- ^ Same form given for ‘house wall’.
- ^ Although these forms appear to be prefixed with third person, they are not.
- ^ This form is very similar to ‘manioc beer’ but not identical.
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.
- ^ The question mark is present in the original.
- ^ Tessmann specifies that the name for ‘bridge’ is the same as the name for ‘balsa raft’.
- ^ This is exactly how the datum appears in Tessman’s table; in his prose he says “Keine Kanus” (‘No canoes’).
- ^ Although the authors are unable to determine which term goes with which species, the two Capuchin terms here presumably refer to Brown Capuchin Monkey.
- ^ Probably ocelot (Leopardus tigrinus).
- ^ Probably ocelot (Leopardus tigrinus).
- ^ Probably Red Brocket Deer (Mazama americana).
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.
- ^ Tessmann specifies that this is cultivated.
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.
- ^ Although Delia Andi Macahuachi produced both ‘atku’ and ‘atkua’ for ‘house’, the possessed form was always ‘atkua’.
- ^ Same form given for ‘bark’.
- ^ Presumably, Theobroma bicolor (macambo).
- ^ Elsewhere, Tessmann gives a similar form for ‘non-alcoholic beverage’.
- ^ This form is borrowed from the Quechuan ‘viracocha’.
- ^ Tessmann uses the now-outdated Guilelma genus term.
- ^ Compare to Guilelma above; the form is similar but not identical.
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.
- ^ Now known as Evodianthus funifer.
- ^ Tessmann’s term is ‘Banane’, not ‘plátano maduro’.
- ^ The apostrophe represents a raised backward half-circle.