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Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

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Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Totality viewed from La Serena, Chile
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.6466
Magnitude1.0459
Maximum eclipse
Duration273 s (4 min 33 s)
Coordinates17°24′S 109°00′W / 17.4°S 109°W / -17.4; -109
Max. width of band201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:24:08
References
Saros127 (58 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9551

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 2, 2019,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 1.0459. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.4 days before perigee (on July 5, 2019, at 6:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[6]

Totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Pitcairn Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago and finally reaching the Coquimbo Region in Chile and central Argentina near sunset, with the maximum of 4 minutes 33 seconds visible from the Pacific Ocean. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Oceania, South America, and southern Central America. A total solar eclipse crossed a similar region of the Earth about a year and a half later on December 14, 2020.

List of major cities in the path of totality

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Images

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Animated path
Geostationary satellite view of the eclipse by NOAA's GOES East. Hurricane Barbara can also be seen in the northern hemisphere.

Visibility

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A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

Following the North American solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for the 2019 eclipses.[8]

Totality travelled over areas with low levels of humidity and light pollution, allowing for very good observations. Several major observatories experienced totality, including the European Southern Observatory.[9][10]

Oeno Island

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The first land surface and the only Pacific island from which totality was visible is Oeno Island, an uninhabited atoll in the Pitcairn Islands.[10]

Chile

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Totality was visible in a large portion of Coquimbo Region and small parts of Atacama Region. Cities in the path included La Serena and La Higuera. Approximately 300,000 people visited La Serena to view the event.[9] Tickets to view the eclipse from the European Southern Observatory were sold for US$2000 each.[10]

Argentina

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Totality was visible in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires. Cities in the path included San Juan and Río Cuarto.[10] The path of totality finished at the Samborombon Bay, where the eclipsed sunset was observed from San Clemente del Tuyu.

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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[11]

July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2019 July 02 at 16:56:22.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2019 July 02 at 18:02:19.5 UTC
First Central Line 2019 July 02 at 18:03:29.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2019 July 02 at 18:04:39.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2019 July 02 at 19:17:21.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2019 July 02 at 19:22:51.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2019 July 02 at 19:24:07.5 UTC
Greatest Duration 2019 July 02 at 19:25:18.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2019 July 02 at 20:43:33.5 UTC
Last Central Line 2019 July 02 at 20:44:46.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2019 July 02 at 20:45:58.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2019 July 02 at 21:51:48.1 UTC
July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04593
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09398
Gamma −0.64656
Sun Right Ascension 06h46m14.8s
Sun Declination +23°00'36.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'43.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.6"
Moon Right Ascension 06h46m17.9s
Moon Declination +22°22'09.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'14.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'37.8"
ΔT 69.6 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 2019
July 2
Ascending node (new moon)
July 16
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 127
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 139
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Eclipses in 2019

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 127

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[12]

The partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018 and August 11, 2018 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2018 to 2021
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117

Partial in Melbourne, Australia
July 13, 2018

Partial
−1.35423 122

Partial in Nakhodka, Russia
January 6, 2019

Partial
1.14174
127

Totality in La Serena, Chile
July 2, 2019

Total
−0.64656 132

Annularity in Jaffna, Sri Lanka
December 26, 2019

Annular
0.41351
137

Annularity in Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
June 21, 2020

Annular
0.12090 142

Totality in Gorbea, Chile
December 14, 2020

Total
−0.29394
147

Partial in Halifax, Canada
June 10, 2021

Annular
0.91516 152

From HMS Protector off South Georgia
December 4, 2021

Total
−0.95261

Saros 127

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[13]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48

February 21, 1803

March 4, 1821

March 15, 1839
49 50 51

March 25, 1857

April 6, 1875

April 16, 1893
52 53 54

April 28, 1911

May 9, 1929

May 20, 1947
55 56 57

May 30, 1965

June 11, 1983

June 21, 2001
58 59 60

July 2, 2019

July 13, 2037

July 24, 2055
61 62 63

August 3, 2073

August 15, 2091

August 26, 2109
64 65 66

September 6, 2127

September 16, 2145

September 28, 2163
67 68

October 8, 2181

October 19, 2199

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076
July 1–2 April 19–20 February 5–7 November 24–25 September 12–13
117 119 121 123 125

July 1, 2000

April 19, 2004

February 7, 2008

November 25, 2011

September 13, 2015
127 129 131 133 135

July 2, 2019

April 20, 2023

February 6, 2027

November 25, 2030

September 12, 2034
137 139 141 143 145

July 2, 2038

April 20, 2042

February 5, 2046

November 25, 2049

September 12, 2053
147 149 151 153 155

July 1, 2057

April 20, 2061

February 5, 2065

November 24, 2068

September 12, 2072
157

July 1, 2076

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 14, 1801
(Saros 107)

February 12, 1812
(Saros 108)

January 12, 1823
(Saros 109)

November 10, 1844
(Saros 111)

August 9, 1877
(Saros 114)

July 9, 1888
(Saros 115)

June 8, 1899
(Saros 116)

May 9, 1910
(Saros 117)

April 8, 1921
(Saros 118)

March 7, 1932
(Saros 119)

February 4, 1943
(Saros 120)

January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)

December 4, 1964
(Saros 122)

November 3, 1975
(Saros 123)

October 3, 1986
(Saros 124)

September 2, 1997
(Saros 125)

August 1, 2008
(Saros 126)

July 2, 2019
(Saros 127)

June 1, 2030
(Saros 128)

April 30, 2041
(Saros 129)

March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)

February 28, 2063
(Saros 131)

January 27, 2074
(Saros 132)

December 27, 2084
(Saros 133)

November 27, 2095
(Saros 134)

October 26, 2106
(Saros 135)

September 26, 2117
(Saros 136)

August 25, 2128
(Saros 137)

July 25, 2139
(Saros 138)

June 25, 2150
(Saros 139)

May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)

April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)

March 23, 2183
(Saros 142)

February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

November 19, 1816
(Saros 120)

October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)

October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)

September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)

August 31, 1932
(Saros 124)

August 11, 1961
(Saros 125)

July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)

July 2, 2019
(Saros 127)

June 11, 2048
(Saros 128)

May 22, 2077
(Saros 129)

May 3, 2106
(Saros 130)

April 13, 2135
(Saros 131)

March 23, 2164
(Saros 132)

March 3, 2193
(Saros 133)

References

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  1. ^ "July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Chileans, Argentines see total solar eclipse". Albany Democrat-Herald. 2019-07-03. p. B7. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A NASA satellite caught yesterday's solar eclipse and a Category 4 hurricane at the same time — here's the video". Business Insider.
  4. ^ Waters, Michael. "Photos Capture the Great South American Eclipse". Smithsonian Magazine.
  5. ^ Strickland, Ashley; Picheta, Rob (July 2, 2019). "Stunning photos of the solar eclipse over South America". CNN.
  6. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  7. ^ "July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  8. ^ Cooper, Gael (2017-08-22). "Wait! Dig those eclipse glasses out of the garbage Here comes the sun. Astronomers Without Borders will be collecting the protective eyewear for use in future eclipses worldwide". Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  9. ^ a b "Total solar eclipse: thousands in Chile and Argentina marvel at 'something supreme'". The Guardian. 2019-07-02. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  10. ^ a b c d "Total solar eclipse hits South America". BBC News. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  11. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 02". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  12. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  13. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Additional sources

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