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說明:希伯來語國際音標

維基百科,自由的百科全書

下列圖表展示了國際音標(IPA)在維基百科條目中表示希伯來語發音的方式。對於有關在維基百科條目中添加IPA字符的指南,請參見{{IPA-he}}、{{IPAc-he}}與Wikipedia:格式手冊/音標 § Notes

由於現代希伯來語在以色列有非東方和東方兩種發音,因此某些字母的轉錄可能會因說話者而異。請參閱現代希伯來語音系英語Modern Hebrew phonology以更全面地了解希伯來語的發音。

輔音
聖經希伯來語 現代希伯來語 字母 羅馬化英語Romanization of Hebrew 英語及其他語言中的相同或近似發音
b בּ‬ (Beť dǝgušah) b bet
d דּ‬ (Daleť dǝgušah) d dark
ð d ד‬ (Ďaleť rafah) ď, dh, d 聖經希伯來語: this
現代希伯來語: dark
f פ ף‬ (Fei rafah) f 或 p̄ fool
ɡ גּ‬ (Gimel dǝgušah) g go
ɣ ɡ ג‬ (Ǧimel rafah) ǧ, gh, g 聖經希伯來語: 西班牙語 fuego
現代希伯來語: go
h ה‬ (Hei) h hen
ħ[1] χ ח‬ (Ḥeť) ḥ 或 ch 聖經希伯來語: hen 但是咽音
現代希伯來語: 蘇格蘭英語 loch
j י‬ (Yoď) y yes
k כּ‬ (Kaf dǝgušah)
k skin
l ל‬ (Lameď) l left
m מ ם‬ (Mem) m man
n נ ן‬ (Nun) n no
p פּ‬ (Pei dǝgušah) p spin
q[1] k ק‬ (Qof) q 或 k 聖經希伯來語: cup 但是小舌音.
現代希伯來語: skin.
r[2] ʁ ר‬ (Resh) r 聖經希伯來語: 顫音或閃音 run.
現代希伯來語: 法語 rouge
s ס‬ (Samekh)
שׂ‬ (Sin smalit)
s see
ts[3] צ ץ‬ (Ṣadi) ṣ, ts (or tz) cats
ʃ שׁ‬ (Šin Yemanit) š 或 sh she
t תּ‬ (Taw) t sting
t ט‬ (Ṭeť) ṭ, t sting
θ t ת‬ (Ťaw) ť, th, t thing
v ב‬ (Veť rafah)
v voice
w v ו‬ (Vav) v 聖經希伯來語: would
現代希伯來語: vote
x χ כ ך‬ (Ǩaf rafah) ǩ 或 ch/kh 蘇格蘭英語 loch
z ז‬ (Zayin) z zoo
ʕ[1] ʔ ע‬ (Ayin) ʿ' 聖經希伯來語: 英語中無對應發音;阿拉伯語 'ayn (ع)
現代希伯來語: uh-(ʔ)oh
ʔ א‬ (Alef)
ʾ' uh-(ʔ)oh


邊緣音(用於轉寫和借詞)
IPA 字母 羅馬化英語Romanization of Hebrew 英語
[3] ג׳‬ (帶gereshGimel) ǧ 或 j joy
ŋ נג‬ (Nun-Gimel) ng ring
ʒ ז׳‬ (帶gereshZayin) ž beige
[3] צ׳ ץ׳‬ (帶gereshṢadi) č 或 ch chair
θ[4] ת׳‬ (帶gereshTav) th thing
ð[4] ד׳‬ (帶gereshDalet) th the
w[5] וו‬ (雙Vav) w we
ɣ[6] ע'‬ (帶gereshAyin) gh
元音
聖經希伯來語 現代希伯來語 字母 羅馬化英語Romanization of Hebrew 英語中的相同或近似發音
a  (Patach) a father
e  (Zeire) e 蘇格蘭英語 bay
ɛ e  (Segol) ɛ, e 聖經希伯來語: bed
現代希伯來語: 蘇格蘭英語 bay
ə  (Shva) ǝ, e 聖經希伯來語: comma
i י(Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq) i see
o  (Holam alone), וֹ‬ (with any mater lectionis) o story
ɔ o  (Kamatz katan) ɔ, o 聖經希伯來語: off
現代希伯來語: story
a  (Kamatz) ɔ, a father
u וּ‬ (帶shurukVav), (Kubutz) u boot


雙元音
IPA 字母 羅馬化英語Romanization of Hebrew 英語中的相同或近似發音
ei י (Segol-Yud), (Zeire) ei day
ai י (Patach-Yud), י (Kamatz-Yud) ai why
oi וֹי‬ (帶holam male-YudVav) oi boy
ui וּי‬ (帶shuruq-YudVav) ui two years
ao (罕) אוֹ‬ (Alef-Vav) ao cow
ju (罕) יוּ‬ (帶shurukYud-Vav) yu cute
ij (罕) יְ(帶Shva NachHiriq-Yud)
i.e. "נִיְלֵן‬" [nijˈlen]
iy 近似 see


其他符號
IPA 解釋
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): אֹכֶל‬ ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל‏‬ ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/
ˌ Secondary stress, e.g. הַאֻמְנָם?‬ ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/
ː Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be יָד/jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־/jad/ in construct state.[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: גַּנָּב‬ ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/

注釋

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ have merged with /χ, ʔ, k/ respectively, but /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.
  2. ^ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but a few speakers, mostly Sefardim and some news broadcasters, retain an alveolar pronunciation: [r]~[ɾ].
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].
  5. ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו‎ (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to [v].
  6. ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין‎ (Ghayn) /ɣain/.
  7. ^ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.