Pier 57

Last updated

Pier 57
Pier-57.jpg
USA New York City location map.svg
Red pog.svg
USA New York location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location25 Eleventh Avenue, New York, NY 10011
Coordinates 40°44′37″N74°00′38″W / 40.74361°N 74.01056°W / 40.74361; -74.01056
Built1950–1954 [1] [2] [3]
Architect Emil Praeger
NRHP reference No. 04000821
Added to NRHPAugust 11, 2004

Pier 57 is a long pier located in the Hudson River on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in December 1954, it sits at the end of West 15th Street on Eleventh Avenue (West Side Highway), just south of the Chelsea Piers sports complex and just north of Little Island. It underwent renovations starting in the early 2010s, and is currently operated by Google. In addition to serving as a campus for employees, the pier opened to the public in April 2023.

Contents

Design

The Hudson River facade of Pier 57. Pier 57 (24241).jpg
The Hudson River facade of Pier 57.

Consisting of two stories above the waterline, the pier also has a concrete basement resting on the riverbed, and an Art Deco-style metal enclosure at the west end with stainless-steel signage reading "MARINE & AVIATION" and displaying the identifying designation "PIER 57". The headhouse at the east end of the pier is steel-framed with a brick exterior, bearing similar signage. The long sides of the structure are each topped with a line of continuous "burton" cargo handling frames, which allowed freight to be easily transferred to and from ships docked at the pier. [3] [4] [5] [6]

The pier is notable for being underpinned by three separate submerged buoyant concrete caissons, which are spanned by long steel girders supporting the building above. Designer Emil Praeger of the firm Madigan-Hyland had created similar structures as part of the American military effort in World War II, including temporary breakwaters that were used as part of the D-Day invasion. The caissons were constructed in 1951 and 1952 inside a diked and drained pond in Grassy Point near Haverstraw, New York, and after completion were floated down the Hudson to the site. The two largest (in terms of volume) concrete caissons are 360 feet (110 m) long, 82 feet (25 m) wide and 33 feet (10 m) high. The third is 375 feet (114 m) long, 25 feet (7.6 m) high, and of similar width to the other two caissons. The caissons weigh as much as 27,000 short tons (24,000 t), but float because they weigh less than the 47,000 short tons (43,000 t) of water that they displace. [1] [3] [5] [7] Their buoyancy supports 90% of the pier's weight, with the riverbed supporting the rest. [1] [8] The caissons, often referred to as concrete boxes and dubbed "Cheeseboxes" during construction, [8] are laid out in a T-shape, with the two caissons of equal dimensions laid out from west-to-east, and the third from north-to-south. The caissons were placed on top of the wooden pilings of the original wooden pier, which were filled with sand and gravel. [1] [5] [9] Dubbed "The World's Most Modern Pier" and the "Superpier", [5] [6] [9] it was hailed as an innovative structure, being fireproof, extremely durable and immune to many of the problems that had historically plagued wooden waterfront construction. [1] [3] [5]

There is a 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) roof garden atop Pier 57, which opened in April 2022. [10] [11] In addition to serving as a park, the rooftop space insulates the building, collects rainwater, and filters air. [12]

History

Construction

The front facade of Pier 57 in 2012. Windows 8 launch event at Pier 57 in New York City 20121025.jpg
The front facade of Pier 57 in 2012.

Prior to the construction of the current Pier 57, a wooden pier also called Pier 57 was located at the site, built in 1907 at the cost of $1.2 million. [1] [5] [13] It was leased to the Grace Line in 1939. [13] On September 29, 1947, a large fire engulfed the pier lasting several days into early October. Over 200 firefighters were dispatched to the blaze, along with numerous fireboats including the John J. Harvey . The fire originated in the structure's wooden support piles, and the fire was attributed to either the preservation of the piles with creosote or another oil substance, or the accumulation of fuel in the wooden beams. The damage was estimated at $5 million. [1] [13] [14] [15] [16]

Shortly after the fire, a replacement pier was planned, with the concrete caisson supports selected to provide a fireproof base. [1] Construction began on August 30, 1950. [1] By September 18, 1952, the three concrete boxes were installed. [1] At the time of its construction, Pier 57 was the largest dock building effort ever undertaken by the City of New York. [3] During construction, a gasoline fire at the site in 1953 killed two workers and injured a third. [1] Final construction costs totaled $12 million. [9] The designers were awarded the Architectural League of New York's Gold Medal in Engineering for this innovative design in 1955. [17]

Maritime use

The pier was dedicated on March 5, 1954, [9] and opened on December 29, 1954. [1] [18] In attendance of both events were Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. and city Fire Commissioner Edward Francis Cavanagh, Jr., who had been the Department of Marine and Aviation commissioner that oversaw the planning of the pier. [1] [9] The Grace Line began serving the pier on March 7, 1955 after a dispute with the International Longshoremen's Association. [19] From its opening, the pier served as a terminal for shipping and storage of cargo for the company, replacing the original wooden structure. [6] The company sold its shipping business in 1967. [1] [2] From 1971 until 2003, Pier 57 housed the Hudson Pier Bus Depot for the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA). [1] [2] [20] The pier was vacated in 2004. [3] [4]

About one year after the NYCTA vacated the pier, Pier 57 was temporarily utilized as a detention center during the 2004 Republican National Convention, when approximately 1,200 anti-RNC protesters were arrested and sent to a makeshift detention/processing center at Pier 57. Over 1,800 were arrested during the entire event, giving rise to the nickname "Guantanamo on the Hudson" for the temporary facility. Medical activists reportedly treated many people held at Pier 57 for chemical burns, rashes, and infections that resulted from direct, prolonged exposure to the motor oil, asbestos, and other contaminants from its days as a bus garage. [21] [22]

Redevelopment

In recognition of its historic engineering significance, the structure was placed on the New York State and National Registers of Historic Places in 2004. [23] Past proposals for re-use have included a 2004 competitive process pitting an extension of the nearby Chelsea Piers sports complex against "Leonardo at Pier 57", an Italian cultural center that was to be operated by Cipriani S.A. [24] [25] However, an investigation by the DA's office sparked by an anonymous tip regarding financial irregularities caused the Cipriani team to back out and scuttled the process. [26]

In 2009, the Hudson River Park Trust selected Youngwoo & Associates to redevelop the site. [27] [28] The concept, dubbed the SuperPier after a nickname given to the structure in a 1952 Popular Mechanics article, [5] includes a retail shopping environment based on salvaged steel shipping containers and re-use of the roof and concrete-encased basement space below the waterline, as well as incubator office rental spaces for start-up companies. The office spaces will be developed and leased by RXR Realty. [29] The structure would contain offices for Google, which also had offices in the nearby 111 Eighth Avenue building. [30] The renovated Pier 57 building was originally also supposed to include Bourdain Market, a food market by the TV chef Anthony Bourdain, but plans for the market were scrapped in late 2017. [31]

View facing east of rooftop park with lawn and outdoor theater (2023) Pier 57 (Manhattan) rooftop park 03.jpg
View facing east of rooftop park with lawn and outdoor theater (2023)

By March 2017, the pier was scheduled to reopen in 2018. [32] The structure topped out in June 2017, in advance of a proposed summer 2018 opening. [33] After Bourdain Market canceled its plans to move into Pier 57, Google signed a lease to occupy additional space in the portion of the building where Bourdain Market would have been located. By that time, Pier 57 was expected to open in 2019. [34] [35] In October 2020, City Winery opened a 32,000-square-foot (3,000 m2) space at Pier 57. [36] In April 2022, the rooftop park opened. [37] [10] [11] As of 2023, Pier 57 is currently owned by Hudson River Park Trust and leased to Young Woo & Associates and RXR Realty. Google is a major tenant and operator of the ground floor public spaces, the newest space in their New York City campuses. Pier 57 reopened to the public on April 1, 2023. [38]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan</span> Neighborhood in New York City

Hell's Kitchen, formerly also known as Clinton, is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. It is considered to be bordered by 34th Street to the south, 59th Street to the north, Eighth Avenue to the east, and the Hudson River to the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chelsea, Manhattan</span> Neighborhood in New York City

Chelsea is a neighborhood on the West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The area's boundaries are roughly 14th Street to the south, the Hudson River and West Street to the west, and Sixth Avenue to the east, with its northern boundary variously described as near the upper 20s or 34th Street, the next major crosstown street to the north. To the northwest of Chelsea is the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen, as well as Hudson Yards; to the northeast are the Garment District and the remainder of Midtown South; to the east are NoMad and the Flatiron District; to the southwest is the Meatpacking District; and to the south and southeast are the West Village and the remainder of Greenwich Village. Chelsea was named for an estate in the area, which in turn was named for the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North River (Hudson River)</span> Section of the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey

North River is an alternative name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">23rd Street (Manhattan)</span> West-east street in Manhattan, New York

23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid. As with Manhattan's other "crosstown" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue. The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caisson (engineering)</span> Rigid structure to provide workers with a dry working environment below water level

In geotechnical engineering, a caisson is a watertight retaining structure used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chelsea Piers</span> Entertainment complex in Manhattan, New York

Chelsea Piers is a series of piers in Chelsea, on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Located to the west of the West Side Highway and Hudson River Park and to the east of the Hudson River, they were originally a passenger ship terminal in the early 1900s that was used by the RMS Lusitania and was the destination of the RMS Carpathia after rescuing the survivors of the RMS Titanic. The piers replaced a variety of run-down waterfront structures with a row of grand buildings embellished with pink granite facades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High Line</span> Linear park in New York City

The High Line is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail created on a former New York Central Railroad spur on the west side of Manhattan in New York City. The High Line's design is a collaboration between James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Oudolf. The abandoned spur has been redesigned as a "living system" drawing from multiple disciplines which include landscape architecture, urban design, and ecology. The High Line was inspired by the 4.7 km (2.9 mi) long Coulée verte, another elevated park in Paris completed in 1993.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington Bridge (Harlem River)</span> Bridge in New York City

The Washington Bridge is a 2,375-foot (724 m)-long arch bridge over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. The crossing, opened in 1888, connects 181st Street and Amsterdam Avenue in Washington Heights, Manhattan, with University Avenue in Morris Heights, Bronx. It carries six lanes of traffic, as well as sidewalks on both sides. Ramps at either end of the bridge connect to the Trans-Manhattan Expressway and the Cross Bronx Expressway, and serves as a connector/highway to the highway itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson Yards, Manhattan</span> Neighborhood in New York City

Hudson Yards is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, bounded roughly by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north, the West Side Highway in the west, and Eighth Avenue in the east. The area is the site of a large-scale redevelopment program that is being planned, funded, and constructed under a set of agreements among the State of New York, City of New York, and Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), with the aim of expanding the Midtown Manhattan business district westward to the Hudson River. The program includes a major rezoning of the Far West Side, an extension of the New York City Subway's 7 and <7>​ trains to a new subway station at 34th Street and 11th Avenue, a renovation and expansion of the Javits Center, and a financing plan to fund the various components. The various components are being planned by New York City Department of City Planning and New York City Economic Development Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson River Park</span> Public park in Manhattan, New York

Hudson River Park is a waterfront park on the North River that extends from 59th Street south to Battery Park in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The park, a component of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway, stretches 4.5 miles (7.2 km) and comprises 550 acres (220 ha), making it the second-largest park in Manhattan after the 843-acre (341 ha) Central Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riegelmann Boardwalk</span> Boardwalk in Brooklyn, New York

The Riegelmann Boardwalk is a 2.7-mile-long (4.3 km) boardwalk on the southern shore of the Coney Island peninsula in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. Opened in 1923, the boardwalk runs along the Atlantic Ocean between West 37th Street to the west, at the edge of the Sea Gate neighborhood, and Brighton 15th Street to the east, in Brighton Beach. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City Pier A</span> Pier in Manhattan, New York

Pier A, also known as City Pier A, is a pier in the Hudson River at Battery Park in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It was built from 1884 to 1886 as the headquarters of the New York City Board of Dock Commissioners and the New York City Police Department (NYPD)'s Harbor Department. Pier A, the only remaining masonry pier in New York City, contains a two- and three-story structure with a clock tower facing the Hudson River. The pier is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberty Tower (Manhattan)</span> Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

The Liberty Tower, formerly the Sinclair Oil Building, is a 33-story residential building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. It is at 55 Liberty Street at the northwest corner with Nassau Street. It was built in 1909–10 as a commercial office building and was designed by Henry Ives Cobb in a Gothic Revival style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitehall Building</span> Mixed-use building in Manhattan, New York

The Whitehall Building is a three-section residential and office building next to Battery Park in Lower Manhattan, New York City, near the southern tip of Manhattan Island. The original 20-story structure on Battery Place, between West Street and Washington Street, was designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, while the 31-story Whitehall Building Annex on West Street was designed by Clinton and Russell. The original building and annex are both at 17 Battery Place. Another 22-story addition at 2 Washington Street, an International Style building located north of the original building and east of the annex, was designed by Morris Lapidus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pier 40</span> Pier in Manhattan, New York

Pier 40 is a parking garage, sports facility, and former marine terminal at the west end of Houston Street in Manhattan, New York, within Hudson River Park. It is home to the New York Knights of the USA Rugby League, though it is primarily used by youth and high school athletics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">30 Hudson Yards</span> Skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

30 Hudson Yards is a supertall skyscraper on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Located near Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, and the Penn Station area, the building is part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, a plan to redevelop the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's West Side Yard. It is the sixth-tallest building in New York City and the eighth-tallest in the United States as of November 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson Yards (development)</span> Development project in Manhattan, New York

Hudson Yards is a 28-acre (11 ha) real estate development in the Hudson Yards neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City, between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods. It is located on the waterfront of the Hudson River. Upon completion, 13 of the 16 planned structures on the West Side of Midtown South would sit on a platform built over the West Side Yard, a storage yard for Long Island Rail Road trains. The first of its two phases, opened in 2019, comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences, a hotel, office buildings, a mall, and a cultural facility. The second phase, on which construction had not started as of 2023, will include residential space, an office building, and a school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Island at Pier 55</span> Park in Manhattan, New York

Little Island at Pier 55 is an artificial island and a public park within Hudson River Park, just off the western coast of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Heatherwick Studio, it is near the intersection of West Street and West 13th Street in the Meatpacking District and Chelsea neighborhoods of Manhattan. It is located atop Hudson River's Pier 55, connected to the rest of Hudson River Park by footbridges at 13th and 14th Streets. Little Island has two concession stands, a small stage, and a 687-seat amphitheater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. John's Terminal</span> Building in Manhattan, New York

St. John's Terminal, also known as 550 Washington Street, is a building on Washington Street in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Edward A. Doughtery, it was built in 1934 by the New York Central Railroad as a terminus of the High Line, an elevated freight line along Manhattan's West Side used for transporting manufacturing-related goods. The terminal could accommodate 227 train cars. The three floors, measuring 205,000 square feet (19,000 m2) each, were the largest in New York City at the time of their construction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chelsea Waterside Park</span> Public park in Manhattan, New York

Chelsea Waterside Park, formerly Thomas F. Smith Park, is a public park located at West 23rd Street between 11th and 12th Avenues along the West Side Highway in Chelsea, Manhattan, New York City. It was originally operated by the government of New York City under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. As of 2023 it is part of the Chelsea section of Hudson River Park and managed by the Hudson River Park Trust.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Doswell, John (September 24, 2003). "Pier 57's Construction Was an Engineering Marvel". The Villager . Archived from the original on November 29, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 "PIER 57 REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT; Pier 57: Final Scope of Work for an Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. October 10, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Pier 57 Redevelopment Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement; Chapter 7: Historic and Cultural Resources" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  4. 1 2 "PIER 57 REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT: Final Environmental Impact Statement; Chapter 8: Urban Design and Visual Resources" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ""Superpier" "Almost Floats". Popular Mechanics . Hearst Magazines: 114–115. February 1952. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "Once-Neglected Pier 57 Prepares for Its SuperPier Moment". Curbed. January 17, 2014. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  7. ↑ Dunlap, David W. "Pier 57 Goes Down in History as a Place Where Concrete Floats" Archived March 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , The New York Times , August 8, 2016. Accessed August 8, 2016. "Even though the larger ones weigh 27,000 tons, they displace about 47,000 tons of water, far more than their own weight."
  8. 1 2 "First of 360-Foot Pier 'Cheeseboxes' Floated As Skeptical Residents of Haverstraw Gawk" (PDF). The New York Times . Haverstraw, New York. July 22, 1952. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "Cold, Error Mar Pier Dedication: Few Stay to Brave Wind at City Ceremony-Name Is Misspelled on Plaque" (PDF). The New York Times . March 5, 1954. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  10. 1 2 Hickman, Matt (April 19, 2022). "New York City's largest rooftop park opens atop historic Pier 57 in Chelsea". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  11. 1 2 Rosendale, Gus (April 18, 2022). "NYC's Largest Rooftop Park Now Officially Open at Pier 57, Over the Hudson River". NBC New York. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  12. ↑ Beckstrom, Dani (August 16, 2024). "Green space on roof of Pier 57 in Manhattan helps combat urban heat island effect". ABC7 New York. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  13. 1 2 3 "Big Pier Burns On; 140 Firement Hurt" (PDF). The New York Times . September 30, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Hudson Pier Razed By $5,000,000 Fire; Grace Liner Saved" (PDF). The New York Times . September 29, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  15. ↑ "End of Pier Fire Today Predicted: Facade of Ruined Structure to Be Razed-City Has Plas for Rebuilding" (PDF). The New York Times . October 1, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Pilings Not Creosoted: Engineer Reports on Protection of Pier Wrecked by Fire" (PDF). The New York Times . October 4, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  17. ↑ The Record Reports: Meetings and Miscellany (PDF), Architectural Record, 1955, p. 18, archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2015, retrieved December 16, 2015
  18. ↑ "New Marine Terminal Is Opened, Replacing Pier That Burned in '47" (PDF). The New York Times . December 29, 1954. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  19. ↑ Horne, George (March 3, 1955). "Grace Line Opening New Pier 57 On Monday Despite Union Row: $12,000,000 Dock, Finished in December, Kept Idle by Hiring-Boss Fight" (PDF). The New York Times . Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  20. ↑ Chen, David W. (October 15, 2003). "Hoping for a Waterfront Makeover Just South of Chelsea Piers". The New York Times . sec. B, p. 6.
  21. ↑ "Lawyers Guild, NYCLU Collecting Information on Infamous Pier 57 Jail". New Standard News. September 6, 2004. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Policing Protest: The NYPD's Republican National Convention Documents". NYCLU. 2007. Archived from the original on August 17, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  23. ↑ "AssetDetail". Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  24. ↑ Armateau, Albert (September 24–30, 2004). "Trust Considers Two Plans for Pier 57". Downtown Express. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  25. ↑ Steele, Lockhart (May 21, 2004). "Chelsea Piers Development Update". Curbed. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  26. ↑ Anderson, Lincoln (January 2, 2007). "Pier 57 Process Is Barely Afloat Three Years Later". The Villager. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  27. ↑ Piore, Adam (December 1, 2013). "Young Woo and Associates – SuperPier NY". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Pier 57 / LOT-EK + Young Woo & Associates". ArchDaily. August 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  29. ↑ Satow, Julie (September 13, 2013). "Pier's Developer Looks for a Creative Tenant Mix". The New York Times . Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  30. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (March 13, 2017). "Pier 57's Renovation Is Moving Forward in Chelsea". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  31. ↑ Dai, Serena (December 22, 2017). "Bourdain Market Plans Nixed at Pier 57". Eater NY. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Pier 57's Renovation Is Moving Forward in Chelsea". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  33. ↑ Schulz, Dana (May 1, 2017). "Google's Pier 57 Tops out Ahead of Summer 2018 Opening". 6sqft. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  34. ↑ McCroy, Winnie (February 21, 2018). "Google Keeps Gobbling up Space in Chelsea; Takes More of Pier 57". The Villager Newspaper. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  35. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (February 9, 2018). "New Look at Pier 57 as Google Takes over Former Bourdain Market Spaces". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  36. ↑ Ong, Bao (October 13, 2020). "NYC's Largest Wine Bar Opens This Week on the Hudson River at Pier 57". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Governor Kathy Hochul and Mayor Eric Adams Join Hudson River Park Trust, Rxr and Google to Open 80,000-Square-Foot Public Park on Roof of Historic Pier 57" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  38. ↑ "Pier 57, A Love Letter to New York City". The Keyword . March 27, 2023. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.