List of stars with resolved images

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The following is a list of stars with resolved images, that is, stars whose images have been resolved beyond a point source. Aside from the Sun, observed from Earth, stars are exceedingly small in apparent size, requiring the use of special high-resolution equipment and techniques to image. For example, Betelgeuse, the first star other than the Sun to be resolved, has an angular diameter of only 50  milliarcseconds (mas). [1]

Contents

List

List of stars with resolved images
Star ImageDiameterDistance
(ly)		First imagerYearNotes
Angular (mas)Geometric (Sun = 1)
Sun Sun white.jpg 200000010.0000158 Louis Fizeau and Léon Foucault [2] 1845
Altair
α Aql		 Altair PR image6 (white).jpg 3.21.66±0.01 (polar)
2.02±0.01 (equator)		16.77±0.08 CHARA array – MIRC [3] 2006
Rasalhague
α Oph A		1.62±0.032.39±0.01 (polar)
2.87±0.02 (equator)		48.6±0.8 CHARA array – MIRC [4] 2006
Alderamin
α Cep		1.35±0.02 (polar)
1.75±0.03 (equator)		2.20±0.04 (polar)
2.74±0.04 (equator)		48.8±0.36 CHARA array – MIRC [4] 2006
Caph
β Cas		1.70±0.043.1±0.1 (polar)
3.8±0.1 (equator)		54.7±0.3 CHARA array – MIRC [5] 2007
Regulus
α Leo Aa		1.24±0.023.2±0.1 (polar)
4.2±0.1 (equator)		79.3±0.7 CHARA array – MIRC [5] 2008
Algol
β Per Aa1		 Algol AB movie imaged with the CHARA interferometer - labeled.gif
Algol triple star system imaged with the CHARA interferometer.jpg 		0.88±0.054.1393±2 CHARA array – MIRC [6] 2006stationary object in the animation
β Per Aa21.12±0.073orbiting object in the animation
β Per Ab0.56±0.100.9Observed radius of Algol Ab is an instrumental artifact, caused by bandwidth smearing.
Actual radius is 1.73 ± 0.33 R☉.
Alkaid
η UMa		0.834±0.0602.86±0.21103.9±0.8 CHARA array [7] 2012
Markab
α Peg		1.052±0.0664.62±0.29133±1 CHARA array [7] 2012
Elnath
β Tau		1.09±0.0764.82±0.34134±2 CHARA array [7] 2012
σ Gem A2.42510.1±0.4126±2 CHARA array/MIRC [8] 2011–2012The star contains starspots on its surface
ζ And Aa2.502±0.00815.0±0.8 (polar)189±3 CFHT [9] [10] 1996First direct imaging of starspots on a star outside the Solar System.
R Dor R Doradus ESO.jpg 57±5370±50204±9 New Technology Telescope [11] 19932nd largest known star by apparent diameter in Earth's sky, after the Sun.
Mira
ο Cet A		 Mira 1997.jpg 28.9–34.9 [12] 332–402 [12] 420 Hubble – FOC [13] 1997[ citation needed ]
Polaris
α UMi Aa		3.143±0.02746.27±0.42446±1 CHARA array| [14] 2024
T Lep T Leporis.jpg 5.8
15 for molecular layer		100500 Very Large Telescope – VLTI [15] /AMBER [16] 2009[ citation needed ]
π1 Gru The surface of the red giant star p1 Gruis from PIONIER on the VLT.jpg 21 [17] 370 [17] 535 [17] Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER [18] 2017[ citation needed ]First directly observed granulation patterns on a star's surface outside the Solar System.
Antares
α Sco A		 VLTI reconstructed view of the surface of Antares.jpg 41.3±0.1680 [19] 553 [20] Very Large Telescope – VLTI/AMBER [21] [22] 2017[ citation needed ]
Betelgeuse
α Ori		 Betelgeuse captured by ALMA.jpg 50640 [23] –764 [24] 643±146 Hubble – GHRS [1] 1995First star with a resolved image outside the Solar System.
Sheliak
β Lyr Aa		 Beta Lyrae - CHARA.gif 0.466960±50 CHARA array – MIRC [25] 2007Both Aa1 and Aa2 are visible in the animation.
θ1 Ori C GRAVITY discovers new double star in Orion Trapezium Cluster.jpg 0.210.6±1.51400 Very Large Telescope – AMBER [26] 2009In the image, the right inset is θ1 Ori C and the left inset is θ1 Ori F.
θ1 Ori F Very Large Telescope – VLTI/GRAVITY [27] 2016[ citation needed ]

ε Aur B		2.273.7±0.7ca. 2000 CHARA array – MIRC [28] 2009Supergiant with an eclipsing companion surrounded by a massive, opaque debris disk
RW Cephei RW Cep CHARA array.png 2.451100±44 [29] 11000+4600
−2600–22000+5200
−3300		 CHARA array – MIRC-X and MYSTIC [30] 2022Hypergiant star currently undergoing a great dimming event
HR 5171 Aa HR 5171 A potw1740a.png 4.1±0.81060–1160 [31] 11740±1630 Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER [32] 2014 Eclipsing and potential contact binary yellow hypergiant

See also

Related Research Articles

Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of stars in astronomy relative to the Sun. The solar radius is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the Sun's photosphere where the optical depth equals 2/3:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mu Andromedae</span> Binary star in the constellation Andromeda

Mu Andromedae is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.87, making it readily visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 130 light-years from Earth. In the constellation, the star is situated about halfway between the bright star Mirach to the southwest and the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) to the northeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeta Andromedae</span> Star system in the constellation Andromeda

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">RT Aurigae</span> Star in the constellation Auriga

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omicron Draconis</span> Variable star in the constellation Draco

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epsilon Chamaeleontis</span> Star in the constellation Chamaeleon

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">T Persei</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">RY Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HK Tauri</span> Young binary star system in the constellation of Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 150193</span> Young binary star system in the constellation Ophiuchus

HD 150193 is a binary star system in the constellation of Ophiuchus. The primary star was identified as a Herbig Ae/Be star with a strong solar wind, losing approximately a tenth of solar mass per million years. It does host a very small debris disk, likely due to disk truncation by the nearby stellar companion. The disk is inclined 38±9° to the plane of sky. It appears to be highly evolved and asymmetric, with indications of flattening and grains growth.

Gliese 514, also known as BD+11 2576 or HIP 65859, is a M-type main-sequence star, in the constellation Virgo 24.85 light-years away from the Sun. The proximity of Gliese 514 to the Sun was known exactly since 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaia17bpp</span> M-type star in the constellation Sagitta

Gaia17bpp is a rare M-type red giant star that exhibited a single large dimming event over 6.5 years. It is located in the Sagitta constellation and is about 27,600 light years away from Earth.

References

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  2. ↑ "NASA – Sun–Earth Day – Technology Through Time". NASA . 2006. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  3. ↑ J.D. Monnier; et al. (2007). "Imaging the Surface of Altair". Science. 317 (5836): 342–5. arXiv: 0706.0867 . Bibcode:2007Sci...317..342M. doi:10.1126/science.1143205. PMID   17540860. S2CID   4615273.
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  10. ↑ Roettenbacher, R.M.; Monnier, J.D.; Korhonen, H.; Aarnio, A.N.; Baron, F.; Che, X.; Harmon, R.O.; Kővári, Zs.; Kraus, S.; Schaefer, G.H.; Torres, G.; Zhao, M.; Ten Brummelaar, T.A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L. (2016). "No Sun-like dynamo on the active star ζ Andromedae from starspot asymmetry". Nature. 533 (7602): 217–220. arXiv: 1709.10107 . Bibcode:2016Natur.533..217R. doi:10.1038/nature17444. PMID   27144357. S2CID   4466687.
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  16. ↑ J.-B. Le Bouquin, S. Lacour, S. Renard, E. Thiébaut, A. Merand, T. Verhoelst, Pre-maximum spectro-imaging of the Mira star T Leporis with AMBER/VLTI, Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 496, Number 1, March II 2009, L1–L4.
  17. 1 2 3 Wallstrom, S. H. J.; Danilovich, T.; Muller, H. S. P.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Maes, S.; Van de Sande, M.; Decin, L.; Richards, A. M. S.; Baudry, A.; Bolte, J.; Ceulemans, T.; De Ceuster, F.; de Koter, A.; Mellah, I. El; Esseldeurs, M. (December 6, 2023). "ATOMIUM: Molecular inventory of 17 oxygen-rich evolved stars observed with ALMA". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 681: A50. arXiv: 2312.03467 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347632. ISSN   0004-6361.
  18. ↑ "Giant Bubbles on Red Giant Star's Surface". European Southern Observatory . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  19. ↑ Ohnaka, K; Hofmann, K.-H; Schertl, D; Weigelt, G; Baffa, C; Chelli, A; Petrov, R; Robbe-Dubois, S (2013). "High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 555: A24. arXiv: 1304.4800 . Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..24O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321063. S2CID   56396587.
  20. ↑ van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752 . Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID   18759600.
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  22. ↑ "VLTI reconstructed view of the surface of Antares".
  23. ↑ Mittag, M.; Schröder, K.-P.; Perdelwitz, V.; Jack, D.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (2023-01-01). "Chromospheric activity and photospheric variation of α Ori during the great dimming event in 2020". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 669: A9. arXiv: 2211.04967 . Bibcode:2023A&A...669A...9M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244924. ISSN   0004-6361.
  24. ↑ Joyce, Meridith; Leung, Shing-Chi; Molnár, László; Ireland, Michael; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken’ichi (2020-10-01). "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: New Mass and Distance Estimates for Betelgeuse through Combined Evolutionary, Asteroseismic, and Hydrodynamic Simulations with MESA". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 63. arXiv: 2006.09837 . Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...63J. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb8db . ISSN   0004-637X.
  25. ↑ M. Zhao; et al. (2008). "First Resolved Images Of The Eclipsing And Interacting Binary Beta Lyrae". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (2): L95–L98. arXiv: 0808.0932 . Bibcode:2008ApJ...684L..95Z. doi:10.1086/592146. S2CID   17510817.
  26. ↑ "The orbit of Theta1 Orionis C". European Southern Observatory. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  27. ↑ "First Light For Future Black Hole Probe". European Southern Observatory. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
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  29. ↑ Anugu, Narsireddy; Gies, Douglas R.; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Monnier, John D.; Montargés, Miguel; Mérand, Antoine; Baron, Fabien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; Kraus, Stefan; Anderson, Matthew D.; Codron, Isabelle; Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024). "Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following the Great Dimming". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 973 (1): L5. arXiv: 2408.11906 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...973L...5A. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad736c . ISSN   2041-8205.
  30. ↑ Anugu, Narsireddy; Baron, Fabien; Gies, Douglas R.; Lanthermann, Cyprien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo; Monnier, John D.; Kraus, Stefan; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Davies, Claire L.; Ennis, Jacob; Gardner, Tyler; Labdon, Aaron; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Setterholm, Benjamin R.; Vollmann, Wolfgang; Sigismondi, Constantino (July 2023). "The Great Dimming of the hypergiant star RW Cephei: CHARA Array images and spectral analysis". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 78. arXiv: 2307.04926 . Bibcode:2023AJ....166...78A. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ace59d . S2CID   259766495.
  31. ↑ van Genderen, A. M.; Lobel, A.; Nieuwenhuijzen, H.; Henry, G. W.; de Jager, C.; Blown, E.; Di Scala, G.; van Ballegoij, E. J. (2019-11-01). "Pulsations, eruptions, and evolution of four yellow hypergiants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 631: A48. arXiv: 1910.02460 . Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..48V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834358. ISSN   0004-6361.
  32. ↑ Wittkowski, M; Abellan, F. J; Arroyo-Torres, B; Chiavassa, A; Guirado, J. C; Marcaide, J. M; Alberdi, A; De Wit, W. J; Hofmann, K.-H; Meilland, A; Millour, F; Mohamed, S; Sanchez-Bermudez, J (28 September 2017). "Multi-epoch VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the supergiant V766 Cen: Image of the close companion in front of the primary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1709: L1. arXiv: 1709.09430 . Bibcode:2017A&A...606L...1W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731569. S2CID   54740936.
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