K2-19

Last updated
K2-19
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Virgo [1]
Right ascension 11h 39m 50.4803s [2]
Declination +00° 36′ 12.875″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)13.002±0.009 [3]
Characteristics
Spectral type K0 V [4] or G9V [5]
Apparent magnitude  (J)11.596±0.024 [6]
Apparent magnitude  (H)11.208±0.022 [6]
Apparent magnitude  (K)11.161±0.026 [6]
Apparent magnitude  (B)13.798±0.020 [3]
Variable type Planetary transit variable [7]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−7.2296±0.0080 [8]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: −18.673(22) [2]   mas/yr
Dec.: 4.571(15) [2]   mas/yr
Parallax (π)3.3410 ± 0.0196  mas [2]
Distance 976 ± 6  ly
(299 ± 2  pc)
Details [4]
Mass 0.918±0.064  M☉
Radius 0.881±0.111  R☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.50±0.10  cgs
Temperature 5250±70  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.10±0.05  dex
Rotation 20.54±0.30 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3.00±0.50 km/s
Age ≥8 [9]   Gyr
Other designations
UCAC4 454-050261, Gaia DR3  3798833775141351552, EPIC  201505350, 2MASS J11395048+0036129 [10]
Database references
SIMBAD data

K2-19 is an early K-type [4] or late G-type main sequence star [5] that is magnetically active, and has a light curve that exhibits variations in brightness of ~1%. [5] It is located approximately 976 light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Three confirmed transiting exoplanets are known to orbit this star.

Contents

Planetary system

Discovery

The two outer planets were reported as planet candidates during analysis of data from Campaign 1 of the Kepler space telescope's K2 extended mission. [11] Both planets were confirmed by David J. Armstrong and collaborators, who used ground-based telescopes to detect additional transits and measure hour-long transit-timing variations for K2-19b. [7] They were independently validated along with 20 other planets by Benjamin T. Montet and team. [12]

K2-19d was first reported as a planet candidate during a search for candidates from the first year of the K2 Mission [13] and was later validated by Sinukoff et al. [5]

Characteristics

K2-19 has a planetary system with three known planets, of which the two larger ones, K2-19b and K2-19c, are close to the 3:2 mean motion resonance. All three planets orbit closer to their star than the planet Mercury does to the Sun. [4] [14]

The K2-19 planetary system [8] [15]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
d<10  M🜨 0.0344(6)2.5081(2) ?90.8(7) ° 1.11(5)  R🜨
b32.4(1.7)  M🜨 0.0762(22)7.920978(19) [16] 0.20(3)91.5(1) ° 7.0(2)  R🜨
c10.8(0.6)  M🜨 0.1001(29)11.8993(8)0.21(3)91.1(1) ° 4.1(2)  R🜨

Related Research Articles

Kepler-19 is a G7V star that is host to three known planets - Kepler-19b, Kepler-19c, and Kepler-19d. It is located about 720 light-years away in the constellation Lyra, five arcminutes northwest of the much more distant open cluster NGC 6791.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-25</span> Yellow-white hued star in the constellation Lyra

Kepler-25 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is slightly larger and more massive than the Sun, with a luminosity 21⁄2 times that of the Sun. With an apparent visual magnitude of 10.6, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.

Kepler-29 is a Sun-like star in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 53m 23.6018s, Declination +47° 29′ 28.437″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.456, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is a solar analog, having a close mass, radius, and temperature as the Sun. Currently the age of the star has not been determined due to its 2780 light-year distance. As of 2016 no Jovian exoplanets of 0.9–1.4 MJ have been found at a distance of 5 AU.

K2-3, also known as EPIC 201367065, is a red dwarf star with three known planets. It is on the borderline of being a late orange dwarf/K-type star, but because of its temperature, it is classified as a red dwarf.

HIP 41378 is a star located 346 light-years away in the constellation of Cancer. The star has an apparent magnitude of 8.92. This F-type main sequence dwarf has a mass of 1.15 M☉ and a radius of 1.25 R☉. It has a surface temperature of about 6,251 K.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-21</span> Star in the constellation Lyra

HD 179070, also known as Kepler-21, is a star with a closely orbiting exoplanet in the northern constellation of Lyra. At an apparent visual magnitude of 8.25 this was the brightest star observed by the Kepler spacecraft to host a validated planet until the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting HD 212657 in 2018. This system is located at a distance of 354 light-years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −18.2 km/s.

K2-58 is a G-type main-sequence star in the constellation of Aquarius, approximately 596 light-years from the Solar System. The star is metal-rich, having 155% of the Solar abundance of elements heavier than helium. The star is located in a region where a hypothetical observer in the K2-58 system can see Venus transiting the sun.

K2-28 is a metal rich M4-type main sequence star. One confirmed transiting exoplanet is known to orbit this star. There is another star 5.2 arcseconds to the north–east of K2-28. However, this star has a different proper motion, and is therefore physically unrelated and probably a background star.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">K2-18</span> Red dwarf star in the constellation Leo

K2-18, also known as EPIC 201912552, is a red dwarf star with two planetary companions located 124 light-years from Earth, in the constellation of Leo.

K2-32 is a G9-type main sequence star slightly smaller and less massive than the sun. Four confirmed transiting exoplanets are known to orbit this star. A study of atmospheric escape from the planet K2-32b caused by high-energy stellar irradiation indicates that the star has always been a very slow rotator.

HAT-P-18 is a K-type main-sequence star about 530 light-years away. The star is very old and has a concentration of heavy elements similar to solar abundance. A survey in 2015 detected very strong starspot activity on HAT-P-18.

K2-24 is a metal-rich G3-type main sequence star larger and more massive than the Sun, located 560 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius. Two confirmed transiting exoplanets are known to orbit this star. An attempt to detect stellar companions using adaptive optics imaging at the Keck telescope was negative however later observations using lucky imaging at the Danish 1.54 m telescope at La Silla Observatory detected a possible companion at 3.8 arcseconds distance from K2-24. This candidate companion being over 8 magnitudes fainter than K2-24 and with a color temperature of 5400 Kelvin, is inconsistent with a bound main sequence companion.

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R . doi: 10.1086/132034 . Vizier query form
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 649: A1. arXiv: 2012.01533 . Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 . S2CID   227254300. (Erratum:  doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 Henden, A. A.; et al. (2016). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336. Originally Published in: 2015AAS...22533616H. 2336. Bibcode:2016yCat.2336....0H. Vizier catalog entry
  4. 1 2 3 4 Nespral, D.; et al. (2017). "Mass determination of K2-19b and K2-19c from radial velocities and transit timing variations". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 601 A128. arXiv: 1604.01265 . Bibcode: 2017A&A...601A.128N . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628639 . S2CID   55978628.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sinukoff, Evan; et al. (2016). "Eleven Multiplanet Systems From K2 Campaigns 1 and 2 and the Masses of Two Hot Super-Earths". The Astrophysical Journal. 827 (1) 78. arXiv: 1511.09213 . Bibcode: 2016ApJ...827...78S . doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/78 .
  6. 1 2 3 Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.1163S . doi: 10.1086/498708 . Vizier catalog entry
  7. 1 2 Armstrong, David J.; et al. (2015). "One of the closest exoplanet pairs to the 3:2 mean motion resonance: K2-19b and c". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 582 A33. arXiv: 1503.00692 . Bibcode: 2015A&A...582A..33A . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526008 . S2CID   8463154.
  8. 1 2 Barros, S. C. C.; et al. (2015). "Photodynamical mass determination of the multiplanetary system K2-19". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 4267–4276. arXiv: 1510.01047 . Bibcode: 2015MNRAS.454.4267B . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2271 .
  9. ↑ Narita, Norio; et al. (2015). "Characterization of the K2-19 Multiple-transiting Planetary System via High-dispersion Spectroscopy, AO Imaging, and Transit Timing Variations". The Astrophysical Journal. 815 (1) 47. arXiv: 1510.01060 . Bibcode: 2015ApJ...815...47N . doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/47 .
  10. ↑ "K2-19". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2018-12-31.
  11. ↑ Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; et al. (2015). "A Systematic Search for Transiting Planets in the K2 Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 806 (2) 215. arXiv: 1502.04715 . Bibcode: 2015ApJ...806..215F . doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/215 .
  12. ↑ Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1) 25. arXiv: 1503.07866 . Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809...25M . doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25 .
  13. ↑ Vanderburg, Andrew; et al. (2016). "Planetary Candidates from the First Year of the K2 Mission". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 222 (1) 14. arXiv: 1511.07820 . Bibcode: 2016ApJS..222...14V . doi: 10.3847/0067-0049/222/1/14 .
  14. ↑ Williams, David R. (2018-09-27). "Mercury Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
  15. ↑ Petigura, Erik A.; et al. (January 2020). "K2-19b and c are in a 3:2 Commensurability but out of Resonance: A Challenge to Planet Assembly by Convergent Migration". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (1) 2. arXiv: 1910.12899 . Bibcode: 2020AJ....159....2P . doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab5220 .
  16. ↑ Kokori, A.; et al. (14 February 2023). "ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 265 (1) 4. arXiv: 2209.09673 . Bibcode: 2023ApJS..265....4K . doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4 .
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