Jajpur | |
---|---|
Town | |
Coordinates: 20°51′N86°20′E / 20.85°N 86.33°E | |
Country | India |
State | Odisha |
district | Jajpur |
Founded by | Jajati Keshari |
Government | |
• Type | Municipality |
• Collector and District Magistrate of Jajpur | Singh Rathore [1] |
• Superintendent of Police | Shri Rahul P R [2] |
Area | |
• Total | 2,887.69 km2 (1,114.94 sq mi) |
Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
Population (2011) [3] | |
• Total | 37,458 |
• Density | 620/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Odia |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Vehicle registration | OD-04 &OD-34 |
Website | www.jajpur.nic.in |
Jajpur [4] (also known as Jajapur) is a town and a municipality in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It was the capital of the Kesari dynasty, later supplanted by Cuttack. [3] [5] Now, it is the headquarter of Jajpur district.
Jajpur, [6] the place of the ancient Biraja Temple, was originally known as Biraja. Other names of the town in the ancient texts include Viranja, Varanja-nagara, Varaha-tirtha. [7] The Bhauma-Kara kings established their capital city of Guhadevapataka (or Guheshvarapataka), identified with modern Gohiratikar (or Gohiratikra) near Jajpur. [8] The later Somavanshi kings moved their capital from Yayatinagara (modern Binka) to Guheshvarapataka, and renamed the town Abhinava-Yayatinagara ("the new city of Yayati"). [7]
Later, the Jajpur [9] town came to be known as Yajanagara. According to one theory, this name is a corruption of "Yayatinagara". Another theory is that it derives from the Brahmanical sacrifices ( Yajna ) that became popular during the Ganga-Gajapati period (11th-16th century). [10] In the Muslim chronicles such as Tabaqat-i-Nasiri and Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi, the town's name was mentioned as "Jajnagar". Later, the suffix "-nagar" ("town") was replaced with the equivalent " -pur ", and the town's name became "Jajpur". [7]
Earliest account of Jajpur is part of the history of the Odisha. It was the capital of Keshari King Yayati Keshari in 473 CE. [11] Accounts by Chinese travelers mention Jajpur as capital in 7th century. It has been a center of Tantrism. The Buddhist kingdom of Bhauma Karas also kept Jajpur as their capital in 8th century CE. Many Buddhist structures have been unearthed in and around Jajpur i.e. in Ratnagiri,Udayagiri and Lalitagiri that point to the Buddhist past of the town. [5] [12]
Jajpur [13] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Jajpur is located at 20°51′N86°20′E / 20.85°N 86.33°E [14] and has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 ft). The climate of Jajpur District is normal as per Indian standards. All the seasons arrive in the District at their usual time. The District's average height from the sea level is 331 m and its average rain fall is 1014.5 mm. The average maximum and minimum temperatures are 40 degree C and 10 degree C respectively. Overall, the climate of the District is neither hotter nor cooler. The summer season is from March to June when the climate is hot and humid. Thunderstorms are common at the height of the summer. The monsoon months are from July to October when the town receives most of its rainfall from the South West Monsoon. The annual rainfall is around 1014.5 mm. The winter season from November to February is characterised by mild temperatures and occasional showers.
Climate data for Jajpur | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.5 (99.5) | 34.7 (94.5) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.7 (87.3) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.9 (91.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 22.3 (72.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.3 (1.63) | 26.0 (1.02) | 27.8 (1.09) | 48.5 (1.91) | 130.6 (5.14) | 243.4 (9.58) | 340.6 (13.41) | 401.1 (15.79) | 269.5 (10.61) | 195.8 (7.71) | 37.2 (1.46) | 38.5 (1.52) | 1,800.3 (70.87) |
Source: Jajpur Weather |
As of 2011 Indian Census, Jajpur municipality had a total population of 37,458, of which 19,216 were males and 18,242 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,823. The total number of literates in Jajpur was 29,975, which constituted 80.0% of the population with male literacy of 83.5% and female literacy of 76.4%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jajpur was 89.1%, of which male literacy rate was 92.9% and female literacy rate was 85.1%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 6,363 and 565 respectively. Jajpur had 8198 households in 2011. [3]
Kalinga is a historical region of India. It is generally defined as the eastern coastal region between the Ganges and the Godavari rivers, although its boundaries have fluctuated with the territory of its rulers. The core territory of Kalinga now encompasses all of Odisha and some part of northern Andhra Pradesh. At its widest extent, the Kalinga region also included parts of present-day Chhattisgarh, extending up to Amarkantak in the west. In the ancient period it extended until the bank of the Ganges river.
Jajpur is a district of Odisha state in eastern India. The Odisha Government carried out a re-organisation of districts of Odisha in 1993. The erstwhile Cuttack district was split into multiple districts with Jajpur being one of them. The district came into being on 1 April 1993.
The Baitarani is one of six major rivers of Odisha, India. Venerated in popular epics and legends, the Baitarani River is a source of water for agricultural irrigation. The coastal plain of Odisha has the name of "Hexadeltaic region" or the "Gift of Six Rivers". These deltas divide the coastal plain into three regions from north to south. The Baitarani, the Mahanadi and the Brahmani rivers form the Middle Coastal Plain, with evidence of past "back bays" and present lakes.
Kendrapara is a Town and a municipality in the Kendrapara district of the Indian state of Odisha. It is the headquarters of Kendrapara district.
Boudh District is an administrative and a municipal district, one of the thirty in the Odisha, India. The district headquarters of the Boudh District is the city of Boudh.
Byasanagar or Vyasanagar is a town and a municipality in Jajapur district in the state of Odisha, India. It is also coloquially known as Jajpur Road. It is home to an industrial belt and hosts several steel companies, including Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited, MESCO, Tata Steel, and Jindal Steel. According to district officials, there are around 14 major companies and several small companies in the vicinity of the town. The town is also home to some eminent people in Odisha, including P. C. Ghadei, the late Ashok Das, Ram Chandra Khuntia (Congress), political leader Giridhari Barik (BJD), Priti Ranjan Ghadei (MLA), actor Akash Dasnayak, his actress aunt Ms. Anita Dash, and actress Naina Das. It is part of the Korei Vidhan Sabha constituency.
The history of Odisha begins in the Lower Paleolithic era, as Acheulian tools dating to the period have been discovered in various places in the region. The early history of Odisha can be traced back to writings found in ancient texts like the Mahabharata, Maha Govinda Sutta and some Puranas. The region was also known to other kingdoms in region of East Indies due to maritime trade relations.
Mukhalingam, also known as Srimukhalingam or Mukhalinga, is a village panchayat in Jalumuru mandal of Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Historically known as Kalinganagari, Mukhalingam served as the capital of Eastern Ganga Dynasty from 6th century AD to 12th century AD. Emperor Sri Ananthavarma Chodaganga Devara conquered Utkala in 1122 AD and shifted the capital from Kalinganagari to Caudwara kataka
Pushpagiri was an ancient Indian mahavihara or monastic complex located atop Langudi Hill in Jajpur district of Odisha, India. Pushpagiri was mentioned in the writings of the Chinese traveller Xuanzang and some other ancient sources. Until the 1990s, it was hypothesised to be one or all of the Lalitgiri-Ratnagiri-Udayagiri group of monastic sites, also located in Jajpur district. These sites contain ruins of many buildings, stupas of various sizes, sculptures, and other artifacts.
Utkala Brahmins, also known as Odia Brahmins, are a Brahmin community who belong to the state of Odisha, India. Utkala Brahmins are the historical caretakers of the Jagannath Temple in Puri. The Utkala Brahmins are one of the five Pancha Gouda Brahmin communities that originally resided to the north of the Vindhyas. They constitute about 8%-10% of Odisha's population as of 2010.
Lalitagiri is a major Buddhist complex in the Indian state of Odisha. The complex is home to stupas, 'esoteric' Buddha images, and monasteries (viharas), which is the oldest site in the region. Significant finds at this complex include Buddha's relics. Tantric Buddhism was practiced at this site.
Nilachala, also rendered Niladri refers to a region corresponding to Puri, in the Indian state of Odisha.
The Varahanatha Temple, also known as Yajna Varaha Temple, is a Hindu temple complex, located on the left bank of the Vaitarani River on an island formed by the river, in Jajpur, Odisha, India. The main shrine is dedicated to Varaha, the boar avatar of the god Vishnu. Built in 15-16th century, the temple is constructed in Kalinga architectural style. Besides the central Varaha shrine, there are numerous subordinate shrines to deities like Shiva, Vishnu, Vimala and others.
The Bhanja dynasty is a dynasty that originated in the northern and central regions of modern Odisha before the Gupta Empire became an imperial power. The dynasty, of ancient local Kshatriya lineage as documented by Hermann Kulke, succeeded the Vindhyatabi branch of the Nagas of Padmavati, who ruled from the Keonjhar district of Odisha and included Satrubhanja of the Asanpat inscription. The Bhanj later became feudatories of the Bhauma-Kara dynasty.
Chhinnamasta Devi Temple is a Shakti Pitha of Goddess Kali located at Haladibasanta village, Tangi block of Cuttack District in Odisha, India.
The Bhauma dynasty, also known as Kara dynasty, ruled in eastern India between 8th and 10th centuries. Their kingdom, called Toshala, included parts of present-day Odisha.
The Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty ruled parts of present-day Odisha in eastern India between the 9th and the 12th centuries. Their capitals included Yayatinagara and Abhinava-Yayatinagara.
The Odia calendar is a solar calendar used by the Odia people from the Odisha region of the Indian subcontinent. The calendar follows the sidereal solar cycle while using the lunar Purnimanta phase for the religious dates. The New Year in the Odia calendar is known as Maha Bishuba Sankranti or Pana Sankranti. It occurs on the first day of the traditional solar month of Meṣa, hence equivalent lunar month Baisakha. The Odia calendar follows the Utkaliya era, which began on Bhādra śukla dvādaśī from 592 CE.
Dharma Mahadevi was the queen regnant of the Indian Bhauma-Kara dynasty's Kingdom of Toshala in circa 940-950.