Invincible (Michael Jackson album)

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Invincible
Mjinvincible.jpg
Default color for the album. Green, red, orange, and blue-colored covers were also issued.
Studio album by
Michael Jackson
ReleasedOctober 30, 2001 (2001-10-30)
RecordedOctober 1997 – September 2001
Studio
Genre
Length77:01
Label
Producer
Michael Jackson chronology
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson
(2000)		Invincible
(2001)		 Love Songs
(2002)
Singles from Invincible
  1. "You Rock My World"
    Released: August 22, 2001
  2. "Butterflies"
    Released: November 27, 2001
  3. "Cry"
    Released: December 5, 2001

Invincible is the tenth and final studio album by the American singer Michael Jackson, released on October 30, 2001, by Epic Records. It was Jackson's last album before his death in 2009. It features appearances from Carlos Santana, the Notorious B.I.G., Fats, and Slash. It incorporates R&B, pop and soul, and similarly to Jackson's previous material, the album explores themes such as love, romance, isolation, media criticism, and social issues. Sales of Invincible are estimated at 8 and 10 million copies, according to different sources. [1] [2]

Contents

The album's creation was expensive and laborious, featuring the work of ten record producers and over 100 musicians. Jackson started the multi-genre production in 1997 and did not finish until eight weeks before the album's release. It was reported that it cost $30 million to record; as of July 2024, it remains the most expensive album ever made. Jackson refused to tour to support it, adding to the growing rift between him and Sony Music Entertainment. [3] In July 2002, following Sony's decision to abruptly end promotion for the album, Jackson alleged that the CEO of Sony Music, Tommy Mottola, was a "devil" and a racist who used his African American artists only for personal gain.

Invincible debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States and in ten other countries worldwide. It was certified double platinum in the US in January 2002. The lead single, "You Rock My World", reached number ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 2002 Grammy Awards. "Cry" was also released as a single, and "Speechless" and "Butterflies" were released as promotional singles.

Invincible received mixed reviews and became Jackson's most critically derided album. Retrospective reviews have been more positive, and it has been credited as featuring early examples of dubstep. In 2009, it was voted by online readers of Billboard as the best album of the 2000s decade. [4]

Production

Prior to the release of Invincible, Jackson had not released any new material since the remix album Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix in 1997; his last studio album was HIStory (1995). Invincible was therefore viewed as Jackson's "career comeback". [5]

Jackson began recording new material in October 1997, and finished with "You Are My Life" being recorded only eight weeks before the album's release in October 2001 – the most extensive recording of Jackson's career. [6] The tracks with Rodney Jerkins were recorded at the Hit Factory in Miami, Florida. [7] Jackson had shown interest in including a rapper on at least one song, and had said that he did not want a "known rapper". [6] Jackson's spokesperson suggested a New Jersey rapper named Fats; after Jackson heard the finished product of the song, the two agreed to record another song together for the album. [6]

Rodney Jerkins stated that Jackson was looking to record material in a different musical direction than his previous work, describing the new direction as "edgier". [6] Jackson received credit for both writing and producing a majority of the songs on Invincible. Aside from Jackson, the album features productions by Jerkins, Teddy Riley, Andre Harris, Andraeo "Fanatic" Heard, Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, R. Kelly and Dr. Freeze Bill Gray and writing credits from Kelly, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels, Nora Payne and Robert Smith. [8] The album is the third collaboration between Jackson and Riley, the other two being Dangerous and Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix . Invincible is Jackson's tenth and final studio album to have been recorded and released during his lifetime. [9] It reportedly cost $30 million to make the album, [10] making it the most expensive album ever made. [11]

Invincible was dedicated to the fifteen-year-old Afro-Norwegian boy Benjamin "Benny" Hermansen who was stabbed to death by a group of neo-Nazis in Oslo, Norway, in January 2001. [12] The reason for this tribute was partly due to the fact that another Oslo youth, Omer Bhatti, Jackson's friend, was also a good friend of Hermansen. [12] The dedication in the album reads, "Michael Jackson gives 'special thanks': This album is dedicated to Benjamin 'Benny' Hermansen. May we continue to remember not to judge a man by the color of his skin, but the content of his character. Benjamin ... we love you ... may you rest in peace." [12] The album is also dedicated to Nicholette Sottile and Jackson's parents, Joseph and Katherine Jackson. [12]

Music and lyrics

Invincible is an R&B, [13] pop [5] and soul [14] record. The album's full length lasts over 77 minutes and contains 16 songs – fourteen of which were written (or co-written) by Jackson. It was noted that the album shifts between aggressive songs and ballads. [15] Invincible opens with "Unbreakable"; the last line in the first verse recites the lyrics, "With all that I've been through/I'm still around". [16] In a 2002 interview with the magazine Vibe , Jackson commented on his inspiration for writing "Speechless", saying:

"You'll be surprised. I was with these kids in Germany, and we had a big water-balloon fight – I'm serious – and I was so happy after the fight that I ran upstairs in their house and wrote "Speechless". Fun inspires me. I hate to say that because it's such a romantic song. But it was the fight that did it. I was happy, and I wrote it in it's[ sic ] entirety right there. I felt it would be good enough for the album. Out of the bliss comes magic, wonderment, and creativity." [17]

"Privacy", a reflection on Jackson's own personal experiences, is about media invasions and tabloid inaccuracies. [16] "The Lost Children" is about imperiled children. [16] Jackson sings in a third person in "Whatever Happens". The song's lyrics, described by Rolling Stone magazine as having a "jagged intensity", narrate the story of two people involved in an unnamed threatening situation. [16] Invincible features four ballads: "You Are My Life", "Butterflies", "Don't Walk Away" and "Cry". [16] "Cry", similar to Jackson's "Man in the Mirror", is about healing the world together. [5] The lyrics to "Butterflies" and "Break of Dawn" were viewed as "glaringly banal" and it was implied that they could have been written by anyone. [15] "Threatened" was viewed as being a storyteller. [16] The song was viewed as a "Thriller redux". [15] The song "You Are My Life" is about Jackson's two children at the time, Prince and Paris. [18] The song features Jackson singing, "You are the sun, you make me shine, more like the stars." [15]

Singles

Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
"You Rock My World"
Lead single from Invincible
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The album spawned two official singles ("You Rock My World" and "Cry") and three promotional singles ("Speechless", "Butterflies" and "Unbreakable"), although all were given limited releases. "You Rock My World" was only released to radio airplay in the United States, consequently only peaking at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100. Internationally, where it was released as a commercial single, it reached number one in France, number two in Norway, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, and the United Kingdom, number three in Italy, number four in Australia, and five in Sweden and Switzerland. [19] The second single, "Cry", was not released in the United States. It was only moderately successful, with the song's most successful territories being Spain, Denmark, France, and Belgium, charting at number six, sixteen, thirty and thirty-one. [20]

"Butterflies" was only released in the United States to radio airplay. It reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at number two for five weeks on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Chart. [21] "Heaven Can Wait" also charted at the bottom of the R&B/Hip-Hop Charts, at number 72 due to radio airplay without an official release; the song did not chart internationally. [21] "Unbreakable" was originally supposed to be released as a single, but it was ultimately cancelled, being issued as a promotional single only. [22] [23] Despite that, the song managed to chart inside the Romanian Top 100 chart, peaking at number 62. [24] It was later included on The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004.

Promotion

It was reported that the album had a budget of twenty five million dollars set aside for promotion. [10] [25] Despite this, however, due to the conflicts between Jackson and his record label, little was done to promote the album. [26] Unlike with Jackson's post-Thriller studio albums, there was no world tour to promote the album; a tour was planned, but cancelled due to conflicts between Jackson and Sony, and the September 11 attacks (the latter of which had also motivated many other artists to cancel their then-upcoming concerts in late 2001 and early 2002.) [27] There was, however, a special 30th Anniversary Celebration at Madison Square Garden in early September 2001 to mark Jackson's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson performed "You Rock My World" and marked his first appearance onstage alongside his brothers since the Jacksons' Victory Tour in 1984. [28] The show also featured performances by Britney Spears, Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, Tamia, Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync, 98 Degrees, and Slash, among other artists. [29] The show aired on CBS in November 2001 as a two-hour television special and was watched by 45 million viewers according to Nielsen. [30]

The album's promotion was met with trouble due to internal conflicts with Sony Music Entertainment and Jackson due to his part of ownership with the company and the contract to a deal with Sony that was originally signed back in 1991. The issue stemmed back during the production of Invincible when Jackson learned that the rights to the masters of his past releases, which were to revert to him in the early 2000s, would not revert to him until much later in the decade. When Jackson consulted the lawyer who worked with him in making the deal back in 1991, he learned that the same lawyer was also working for Sony, revealing a conflict of interest of which Jackson was never aware. Not wanting to sign away his ownership in Sony Music Entertainment, Jackson elected to leave the company shortly after the album's release. [31] After the announcement, Sony halted promotion on the album, cancelling single releases, including a 9/11 charity single that was intended to be released before Invincible.

In July 2002, following Sony's decision to abruptly end promotion for the album, Jackson alleged that the CEO of Sony Music, Tommy Mottola, was a "devil" and a racist who used his African American artists only for personal gain. [10] [32] He accused Sony and the record industry of racism, deliberately not promoting or actively working against promotion of his album. [33] Sony disputed claims that they had failed to promote Invincible with sufficient energy, maintaining that Jackson refused to tour in the United States. [34]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic 51/100 [35]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [5]
Blender Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [14]
Entertainment Weekly C− [15]
The Guardian Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [36]
NME 6/10 [37]
Q Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [38]
Rolling Stone Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [16]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide Star full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [39]
Slant Magazine Star full.svgStar full.svgStar half.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [40]
The Village Voice A− [41]

Invincible received mixed reviews from professional critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received a mixed score of 51 based on 19 reviews. [35] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly , felt that Invincible is Jackson's "first album since Off the Wall that offers virtually no new twists" but remarked that the album "feels like an anthology of his less-than-greatest hits". [15]

James Hunter of Rolling Stone critiqued that the album's later ballads made the record too long. [16] Hunter also commented that Jackson and Riley made "Whatever Happens" "something really handsome and smart", allowing listeners "to concentrate on the track's momentous rhythms" such as "Santana's passionate interjections and Lubbock's wonderfully arranged symphonic sweeps". [16] Mark Beaumont of NME called it "a relevant and rejuvenated comeback album made overlong", [37] while Blender also found it "long-winded". [42]

Reviewing for The Village Voice , Robert Christgau said that despite being overlooked, Jackson's "skills seem undiminished [and...] he's doing new stuff with them--his funk is steelier and his ballads are airier, both to disquieting effect." He described the album's first three tracks as being the "Rodney Jerkins of the year". [41] Nikki Tranter of PopMatters said that it is both innovative and meaningful because exceptional songs such as "The Lost Children" and "Whatever Happens" more than make up for overly sentimental songs like "Heaven Can Wait" and "You Are My Life". [43] Q magazine said that it is an aurally interesting, albeit inconsistent, album. [38]

In a negative review for The New York Times , Jon Pareles suggested that the album is somewhat impersonal and humorless, as Jackson rehashes ideas from his past songs and is "so busy trying to dazzle listeners that he forgets to have any fun." [44] In a retrospective review for The Rolling Stone Album Guide , Pareles said that Invincible showed Jackson had lost his suave quality to "grim calculation". [39]

Invincible received one Grammy Award nomination at the 2002 ceremony. The album's song "You Rock My World" was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male, but lost to James Taylor's "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight". [45] Due to the album's release in October 2001, it was not eligible for any other nomination from the 2002 Grammy Awards. [46]

Retrospective reviews

In retrospective reviews, Invincible has gained more positive reviews and the track "Heartbreaker" has been cited as an early development of dubstep. [47] [48] Jackson later admitted to have been very proud of Invincible:

"It is tough because you’re competing against yourself. Invincible is just as good or better than Thriller, in my true, humble opinion. It has more to offer." [49]

Producer Rodney Jerkins also give his thoughts about the album: "There's stuff we didn't put on the album that I wish was on the album. My first batch [of beats] is what I really wanted him to do. I was trying to really go vintage, old school Mike. And that's what a lot of my first stuff was, that I was presenting to him. He kept 'Rock My World'. But he wanted to go more futuristic. So I would find myself at like junkyards, and we'd be out hitting stuff, to create our sound. I think Invincible needs to be re-released. Because something happened at the record company [Sony] that caused them not to promote it no more after we done[ sic ] put our heart and soul in it. He had about five singles on the album. But it came down to who can stop who [sic]. And he was caught up in that mess." [50]

AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that it has a "spark" and "sound[s] better than anything Jackson has done since Dangerous ." [5] Erlewine noted that while the album had good material it was "not enough to make Invincible the comeback Jackson needed – he really would have had to have an album that sounded free instead of constrained for that to work – but it does offer a reminder that he can really craft good pop." [5] Writing for PopDose, Mike Heyliger wrote "Invincible isn't the piece of shit most claim it to be. A leaner structure to the album and more sympathetic production would have resulted in a classic. But when measured against the radio junk that passes for pop-R&B these days, Invincible is stronger than ever." [51] In December 2009, readers of Billboard voted Invincible the best album of the 2000s. [52]

Commercial performance

Invincible was Jackson's first studio album since HIStory six years earlier. [53] It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 363,000 units. [53] [54] It was Jackson's fifth Billboard 200 number-one, [53] and his fourth solo album to chart at number one in its first week; however, it sold less than HIStory in its opening week, which sold 391,000 units. [53] In its second week, the album slipped to number 3 selling 202,000 copies with a 45% drop. [55] Invincible also charted at number one on the Billboard R&B/Hip Hop Albums Chart for four weeks. [56] After eight weeks of release, in December 2001, Invincible was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for the sales of five hundred thousand units. [57] In the same month, the album was certified platinum for the sale of one million units. [57] On January 25, 2002, it was certified two times platinum for the sales of two million units. [57] In the United States, it was the 45th best-selling album of 2001 selling over 1.56 million units. [58] As of 2009, Invincible had sold 2.4 million copies in the United States. [59]

Invincible left the Billboard 200 in June 2002 after charting there for 28 weeks. [60] Shortly after the release of the album, in a poll conducted by Billboard magazine, "an overwhelming majority" of people—79% of 5,195 voters—were not surprised by Invincible entering the Billboard 200 at number one. [61] Billboard also reported that 44% agreed with the statement, proclaiming that Jackson was "still the King of Pop". Another 35% said they were not surprised by the album's ranking, but doubted Invincible would hold on for a second week at the top of the chart. [61] Only 12% of people who responded to the poll said they were surprised by the album's charting debut because of Jackson's career over the past six years and another 9% were taken aback by the album's success, in light of the negativity that preceded the album's release. [61]

Invincible reached number one in thirteen countries worldwide, [53] including the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. [53] [62] It also charted within the top ten in several countries, including Austria, Canada, Finland, Italy, New Zealand, and Norway. [62]

Invincible was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, for the sales of over 300,000 units in the United Kingdom. [63] The album was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for the sales of 40,000 units in Switzerland. The IFPI also certified the album gold in Austria for the sales of 15,000 units. Australian Recording Industry Association certified Invincible two times platinum for the sales of 140,000 units in Australia. Invincible was the eleventh best-selling album of 2001 according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry with 5.4 million copies. [64] According to different sources the album sold 8 million, [1] [65] or even 10 million copies worldwide. [2] [66]

Following Jackson's death on June 25, 2009, his music experienced a surge in popularity. [67] Invincible charted at number twelve on the Billboard Digital Albums Chart on July 11, 2009. [68] Having not charted on the chart prior to its peak position, the album was listed as the ninth biggest jump on that chart that week. [68] It also charted within the top ten, peaking at number nine, on Billboard's Catalog Albums Chart on the issue date of July 18. [69] On the week of July 19, 2009, Invincible charted at number eighteen in Italy. [70] Invincible peaked at number sixty-four on the European Albums Chart on the charts issue date of July 25. [71] The album also charted at number twenty-nine in Mexico on July, [72] and eighty-four on the Swiss Albums Chart on July 19, 2009. [73]

Track listing

Invincible track listing
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Unbreakable" (featuring The Notorious B.I.G.)
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
6:25
2."Heartbreaker" (featuring Fats)
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
  • Jerkins III
  • Daniels
  • Mischke
  • Norman Gregg
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
5:10
3."Invincible" (featuring Fats)
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
  • Jerkins III
  • Daniels
  • Mischke
  • Gregg
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
4:45
4."Break of Dawn"
  • Jackson
  • Dr. Freeze
5:32
5."Heaven Can Wait"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Heard (co)
  • Smith (co)
4:49
6."You Rock My World"
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
  • Jerkins III
  • Daniels
  • Payne
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
5:39
7."Butterflies"
  • Jackson
  • Harris
4:40
8."Speechless"JacksonJackson3:18
9."2000 Watts"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
4:24
10."You Are My Life"
4:33
11."Privacy"
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
5:05
12."Don't Walk Away"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Richard Carlton Stites
  • Reed Vertelney
  • Jackson
  • Riley
4:25
13."Cry" Robert Kelly
  • Jackson
  • Kelly
5:01
14."The Lost Children"Jackson
4:00
15."Whatever Happens"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
4:56
16."Threatened"
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
  • Jerkins III
  • Daniels
  • Jackson
  • Jerkins
4:19
Total length:77:01

Notes

Credits

Personnel

Credits adapted from Invincible album liner notes. [8]

  • Michael Jackson – lead vocals (all tracks), background vocals (1–7, 9–12, 15–16), arranger (8, 14), multiple instruments (1, 4, 6, 16), programming (2, 3), drum programming (4, 13), orchestral arrangements and conducting (8), keyboard programming (9, 13, 14)
  • Marsha Ambrosius – background vocals (track 7)
  • Maxi Anderson – vocals (track 8)
  • Gloria Augustus – vocals (track 8)
  • Babyface – acoustic guitar, bass guitar, background vocals, drum programming, and keyboards (track 10)
  • Tom Bahler – youth choir conductor (track 14)
  • Emanuel "Bucket" Baker – drums (track 11)
  • Rose Beatty – youth choir (track 14)
  • Edie Lehmann Boddicker – youth choir (track 14)
  • Robert Bolyard – youth choir (track 14)
  • Norman Jeff Bradshaw – horns (track 7)
  • Brandy – additional background vocals (track 1)
  • Stuart Brawley – whistle solo (track 15)
  • Mary Brown – additional background vocals (track 15)
  • Tim Brown – vocals (track 8)
  • Brad Buxer – drum programming (tracks 4, 13), keyboards (8), keyboard programming (9, 12, 14)
  • David Campbell – string arrangement (track 11)
  • Matt Cappy – horns (track 7)
  • Martha Cowan – youth choir (track 14)
  • Andraé Crouch – vocals (track 8)
  • Sandra Crouch – vocals (track 8)
  • Paulinho da Costa – percussion (track 13)
  • LaShawn Daniels – background vocals (tracks 2, 11)
  • Valerie Doby – vocals (track 8)
  • Dr. Freeze – background vocals (tracks 4, 5), multiple instruments (4)
  • Monique Donally – youth choir (track 14)
  • Kevin Dorsey – vocals (track 8)
  • Marja Dozier – vocals (track 8)
  • Alfie Silas Durio – vocals (track 8)
  • Nathan East – bass guitar (track 11)
  • Jason Edmonds – choir (track 10)
  • Geary Lanier Faggett – vocals (track 8)
  • Vonciele Faggett – vocals (track 8)
  • Fats – rap (tracks 2, 3)
  • Lynn Fiddmont-Lindsey – choir (track 10)
  • Kirstin Fife – violin (track 8)
  • Judy Gossett – vocals (track 8)
  • Harold Green – vocals (track 8)
  • Jonathon Hall – youth choir (track 14)
  • Justine Hall – youth choir (track 14)
  • Andre Harris – multiple instruments (track 7)
  • Scottie Haskell – youth choir (track 14)
  • Micha Haupman – youth choir (track 14)
  • Tess (Teresa) Escoto – youth choir (track 14)
  • Gerald Heyward – drums (track 11)
  • Tabia Ivery – choir (track 10)
  • Luana Jackman – youth choir (track 14)
  • Prince Jackson – narrative (track 14)
  • Rodney Jerkins – multiple instruments (1, 4, 6, 16), programming (2, 3)
  • Tenika Johns – vocals (track 8)
  • Angela Johnson – vocals (track 8)
  • Daniel Johnson – vocals (track 8)
  • Zaneta M. Johnson – vocals (track 8)
  • Laquentan Jordan – vocals (track 8)
  • R. Kelly – choir arrangement (track 13)
  • Peter Kent – violin (track 8)
  • Gina Kronstadt – violin (track 8)
  • Michael Landau – guitar (track 13)
  • James Lively – youth choir (track 14)
  • Robin Lorentz – violin (track 8)
  • Jeremy Lubbock – orchestral arrangements and conducting (tracks 5, 8, 15)
  • Brandon Lucas – youth choir (track 14)
  • Jonathon Lucas – youth choir (track 14)
  • Ricky Lucchse – youth choir (track 14)
  • Melissa MacKay – youth choir (track 14)
  • Alex Martinez – youth choir (track 14)
  • Howard McCrary – vocals (track 8)
  • Linda McCrary – vocals (track 8)
  • Sam McCrary – vocals (track 8)
  • Alice Jean McRath – vocals (track 8)
  • Sue Merriett – vocals (track 8)
  • Bill Meyers – string arrangements (track 10)
  • Mischke – background vocals (track 2)
  • Patrice Morris – vocals (track 8)
  • Kristle Murden – vocals (track 8)
  • The Notorious B.I.G. – rap (track 1)
  • Novi Novog – viola and contractor (track 8)
  • Nora Payne – background vocals (track 2)
  • Que – background vocals (track 5)
  • Teddy Riley – multiple instruments (track 5) additional background vocals (9)
  • John Robinson – drums (track 13)
  • Baby Rubba – narrative (track 14)
  • Carlos Santana – guitar and whistle solo (track 15)
  • Deborah Sharp-Taylor – vocals (track 8)
  • F. Sheridan – youth choir (track 14)
  • Slash – guitar solo (track 11)
  • Andrew Snyder – youth choir (track 14)
  • Sally Stevens – youth choir (track 14)
  • Richard Stites – additional background vocals (track 12)
  • Thomas Tally – viola (track 8)
  • Brett Tattersol – youth choir (track 14)
  • Ron Taylor – vocals (track 8)
  • Michael Thompson – guitar (track 11)
  • Chris Tucker – introduction (track 6)
  • Mario Vasquez – additional background vocals (track 15)
  • Johnnie Walker – vocals (track 8)
  • Nathan "N8" Walton – choir (track 10)
  • Rick Williams – guitar (track 15)
  • Yvonne Williams – vocals (track 8)
  • Zandra Williams – vocals (track 8)
  • John Wittenberg – violin (track 8)

Record production

Charts

Certifications and sales

Certifications for Invincible
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF) [123] Gold20,000^
Australia (ARIA) [124] 2× Platinum140,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria) [125] Gold20,000*
Belgium (BEA) [126] Platinum50,000*
Brazil—70,000 [127]
Canada (Music Canada) [128] Platinum100,000 [129]
Denmark (IFPI Danmark) [130] Gold25,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat) [131] Gold16,621 [131]
France (SNEP) [132] Platinum570,000 [133]
Germany (BVMI) [134] Platinum300,000^
Italy (FIMI) [135]
sales since 2009 		Gold30,000*
Japan (RIAJ) [136] Platinum200,000^
Netherlands (NVPI) [137] Platinum80,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ) [138] Platinum15,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway) [139] Platinum50,000*
Poland (ZPAV) [140] Gold35,000*
Portugal (AFP) [141] Gold20,000^
South Africa (RISA) [142] 2× Platinum100,000*
South Korea—58,840 [143]
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [144] Platinum100,000^
Sweden (GLF) [145] Gold40,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [146] Platinum40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [147] Platinum300,000^
United States (RIAA) [148] 2× Platinum2,400,000 [59]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI) [149] 2× Platinum2,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

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HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995. It consists of the greatest hits album, HIStory Begins, in addition to his ninth studio album, HIStory Continues. HIStory Begins was his first hits compilation not to be released on the Motown label and his first to contain material originally released through Epic Records, spanning from 1979 through 1991. HIStory Continues comprises new material written and produced by Jackson and collaborators. It was Jackson's fifth album released through Epic Records, and the first on his label MJJ Productions. The album includes appearances by Janet Jackson, Shaquille O'Neal, Slash, and the Notorious B.I.G. Its genres span R&B, pop, and hip hop with elements of hard rock and funk rock. The themes include environmental awareness, isolation, greed, suicide, injustice, and Jackson's conflicts with the media.

<i>Satellite</i> (P.O.D. album) 2001 studio album by P.O.D.

Satellite is the fourth studio album by American Christian nu metal band P.O.D. The album was released on September 11, 2001 debuting at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 chart with over 133,000 copies sold. It spent five consecutive weeks in the top 10 of that chart. It was the band's last album to feature guitarist Marcos Curiel until 2008's When Angels and Serpents Dance.

<i>Full Moon</i> (Brandy album) 2002 studio album by Brandy

Full Moon is the third studio album by American singer Brandy. It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5, 2002 in the United States. The album was recorded primarily during the summer and fall of 2001 at the Hit Factory Criteria in Miami, amid a three-year musical hiatus following the success of her multi-platinum previous studio album Never Say Never (1998) and the finale of her highly successful television sitcom Moesha in May 2001. As with Never Say Never, Brandy collaborated with producer Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild production and songwriting team on the majority of the album's composition, while Mike City, Warryn Campbell, and Keith Crouch contributed additional production.

<i>The Ultimate Collection</i> (Michael Jackson album) 2004 box set by Michael Jackson

The Ultimate Collection is a box set by American singer and recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released on November 16, 2004, by Epic Records and consists of four audio CDs and one DVD. The album sold 57,000 copies in 2004 alone, and on May 16, 2013, it was certified Platinum as a multi-disk package by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for physical shipments of 200,000 copies in the United States. The DVD marked the first physical release of Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour, initially an HBO concert special in 1992, which was later released as an individual title on July 25, 2005. The set also features a 60-page booklet that contains photos and text by the American music critic Nelson George summarizing the artist's career.

<i>Whitney: The Greatest Hits</i> 2000 compilation album by Whitney Houston

Whitney: The Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer Whitney Houston. It was released on May 15, 2000, by Arista Records. Anticipation over a greatest hits album from Houston arose as far as 1995, when Billboard first announced the album's release. However, it was continuously postponed as Houston focused on film projects, before deciding to record several new tracks for the belated collection in 1998. The effort was quickly expanded into her fourth studio album My Love Is Your Love, released in November 1998 to widespread success, which effectively postponed Whitney: The Greatest Hits again.

<i>Willennium</i> 1999 studio album by Will Smith

Willennium is the second studio album by American rapper Will Smith. Recorded with a range of producers, including Poke & Tone and frequent collaborator DJ Jazzy Jeff, it was released on November 16, 1999, by Columbia Records. The album reached number 5 on the US Billboard 200 and was certified multi-platinum by the RIAA, making this Smith's second top ten album and second multi-platinum album following Big Willie Style in 1997. The album also reached the top ten on the UK Albums Chart, and was certified multi-platinum in that region and in other regions. "Wild Wild West", "Will 2K" and "Freakin' It" were released as singles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">You Rock My World</span> 2001 single by Michael Jackson

"You Rock My World" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson from his tenth and final studio album, Invincible (2001). It was released as the lead single from the album on August 22, 2001, by Epic Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)</span> 2001 single by Michael Jackson

"Butterflies" is a song by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson. It was written and composed by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius, and produced by Jackson and Harris. The track appears on Jackson's tenth studio album, Invincible (2001). The song also appeared in The Ultimate Collection (2004). "Butterflies" is a midtempo ballad. The single received generally positive reviews from music critics; some music reviewers described the song as being one of the best songs on Invincible while others felt that it was a "decent track".

<i>Escape</i> (Enrique Iglesias album) 2001 studio album by Enrique Iglesias

Escape is the fifth studio album and second English-language album recorded by Spanish singer and songwriter Enrique Iglesias. It was released by Interscope Records on 30 October 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cry (Michael Jackson song)</span> 2001 single by Michael Jackson

"Cry" is a song recorded by American singer Michael Jackson that appears on his tenth studio album, Invincible (2001). The song was written by R&B singer R. Kelly, who had previously written Jackson's 1995 single "You Are Not Alone". "Cry" was produced by Jackson and Kelly. It was released on December 5, 2001, under Epic Records as the third single from Invincible, and is Jackson's final single from a studio album. "Cry" is a contemporary R&B ballad with lyrics that highlight problems with the planet. The lyrics also urge people to unite to make the world a better place. Thus the track recalls previous Jackson songs that promote peace and environmentalism.

<i>The Id</i> (album) 2001 studio album by Macy Gray

The Id is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Macy Gray. It was released on September 17, 2001, by Epic Records. The album was not as commercially successful as its predecessor, On How Life Is, in the United States, where it debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200 with 93,000 copies sold in its first week. As of January 2004, it had sold 593,000 copies in the US. Elsewhere, The Id topped the charts in the United Kingdom and Denmark, while reaching the top five in Australia, Italy, and Switzerland.

<i>Off the Wall</i> 1979 studio album by Michael Jackson

Off the Wall is the fifth studio album by the American singer Michael Jackson, released on August 10, 1979, by Epic Records. It was Jackson's first album released through Epic Records, and the first produced by Quincy Jones, whom he met while working on the 1978 film The Wiz. Several critics observed that Off the Wall was crafted from disco, pop, funk, R&B, soft rock and Broadway ballads. Its lyrical themes include escapism, liberation, loneliness, hedonism and romance. The album features songwriting contributions from Stevie Wonder, Paul McCartney, Rod Temperton, Tom Bahler, and David Foster, alongside three tracks penned by Jackson himself.

<i>Thriller 25</i> 2008 studio album (reissue) by Michael Jackson

Thriller 25 is the 25th-anniversary edition reissue of Thriller (1982), the sixth studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson. The original album has sold 70 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling album of all time. Thriller 25 was released by Sony BMG's reissue division, Legacy Recordings. Along with the original material, the reissue contains remixes, new material, a DVD and collaborations with contemporary artists. Thriller 25 was one of the last recorded works released during Jackson's lifetime, and the last he was extensively involved with, as Jackson co-produced all of the newly remixed tracks.

<i>Michael Jacksons This Is It</i> (album) 2009 soundtrack album by Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson's This Is It is a posthumous two-disc soundtrack album by American singer Michael Jackson. Released by MJJ Music on October 26, 2009, This Is It features previously released music, as well as six previously unreleased recordings by Jackson. This Is It was released to coincide with the theatrical release of Michael Jackson's This Is It, a concert film documenting Jackson's rehearsals for the This Is It concert series at the O2 Arena in London. This Is It is the sixth album to be released by Sony and Motown/Universal since Jackson's death on June 25, 2009.

<i>Michael</i> (Michael Jackson album) 2010 compilation album by Michael Jackson

Michael is a posthumous album by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released on December 10, 2010, by Epic Records and Sony Music Entertainment. Michael is the first release of all-new Michael Jackson material since Invincible in 2001 and the seventh overall release since Jackson's death in 2009. The album was produced by Theron "Neff-U" Feemster, John McClain, Giorgio Tuinfort, Teddy Riley, and Brad Buxer, among others, and features guest performances by Akon and Lenny Kravitz.

<i>Immortal</i> (Michael Jackson album) 2011 soundtrack album and remix album by Michael Jackson

Immortal is a remix album of music originally recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson, released on November 18, 2011, by Epic Records. The album is also a soundtrack to Cirque du Soleil's Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour, which debuted on October 2, 2011, in Montreal. It was preceded by the release of the title track in the form of a megamix: "Immortal Megamix: "Can You Feel It" / "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" / "Billie Jean" / "Black or White" which features the songs: "Can You Feel It", "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough", "Billie Jean" and "Black or White".

<i>Xscape</i> (album) 2014 compilation album by Michael Jackson

Xscape is the second posthumous album by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released on May 9, 2014, by Epic Records, MJJ Music and Sony Music Entertainment. Xscape is the tenth release by Sony and/or Motown since Jackson's death in 2009. L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records, curated and served as executive producer for the album, enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers, including Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon, Rodney Jerkins, Stargate, and John McClain, to remix and "contemporize" the eight selected tracks. The album was #1 in its first week of release in worldwide sales.

<i>Scream</i> (Michael Jackson album) 2017 compilation album by Michael Jackson

Scream is a compilation album by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, released on September 29, 2017. The album compiles songs around a Halloween theme. It is the eleventh release by Sony and/or Motown since Jackson's death on June 25, 2009.

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  148. ↑ "American album certifications – Michael Jackson – Invincible". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved October 26, 2014.
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