Halide mineral

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Halide minerals are those minerals with a dominant halide anion (F−, Cl−, Br− and I−). Complex halide minerals may also have polyatomic anions. [1]

Contents

Halite ImgSalt.jpg
Halite
Fluorite structure Fluorite.GIF
Fluorite structure

Examples include the following: [2] [3]

Many of these minerals are water-soluble and are often found in arid areas in crusts and other deposits as are various borates, nitrates, iodates, bromates and the like. Others, such as the fluorite group, are not water-soluble. As a collective whole, simple halide minerals (containing fluorine through iodine, alkali metals, alkaline Earth metals, in addition to other metals/cations) occur abundantly at the surface of the Earth in a variety of geologic settings. More complex minerals as shown below are also found. [6]

Commercially significant halide minerals

Two commercially important halide minerals are halite and fluorite. The former is a major source of sodium chloride, in parallel with sodium chloride extracted from sea water or brine wells. Fluorite is a major source of hydrogen fluoride, complementing the supply obtained as a byproduct of the production of fertilizer. Carnallite and bischofite are important sources of magnesium. Natural cryolite was historically required for the production of aluminium, however, currently most cryolite used is produced synthetically.

Many of the halide minerals occur in marine evaporite deposits. [6] Other geologic occurrences include arid environments such as deserts. [6] The Atacama Desert has large quantities of halide minerals as well as chlorates, iodates, oxyhalides, nitrates, borates and other water-soluble minerals. Not only do those minerals occur in subsurface geologic deposits, they also form crusts on the Earth's surface due to the low rainfall (the Atacama is the world's driest desert as well as one of the oldest at 25 million years of age).

Nickel–Strunz Classification -03- Halides

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

Abbreviations

Regarding 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:

Nickel–Strunz code scheme:NN.XY.##x

Class: halides

Halide specimens at Museum of Geology, South Dakota Halide mineral exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg
Halide specimens at Museum of Geology, South Dakota

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bischofite</span> Halide mineral of magnesium (Mg) chloride

Bischofite is a hydrous magnesium chloride mineral with formula MgCl2·6H2O. It belongs to halides and is a sea salt concentrate. It contains many macro- and micro-elements vital for human health, in much higher concentrations than can be found in sea or ocean salt. The main bischofite compound is magnesium chloride (up to 350 g/L), moreover, it contains about 70 other elements as impurities, including potassium, sodium, bromine, boron, calcium, silicon, molybdenum, silver, zinc, iron and copper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfide mineral</span> Class of minerals containing sulfide or disulfide as the major anion

The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S22−) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts. Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borate mineral</span> Mineral which contains a borate anion group

The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO3) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B2O5, B3O6, B2O4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. The [B(O,OH)4]− anion exists as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphate mineral</span> Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)

Phosphate minerals contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO43−) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO43−) and vanadate (VO43−) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonate mineral</span> Minerals containing the carbonate ion

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO2−
3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfosalt mineral</span> Sulfide minerals of a metal and a semi-metal

Sulfosalt minerals are sulfide minerals with the general formula AmBnXp, where

Arsenate minerals usually refer to the naturally occurring orthoarsenates, possessing the (AsO4)3− anion group and, more rarely, other arsenates with anions like AsO3(OH)2− (also written HAsO42−) (example: pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH).2H2O) or (very rarely) [AsO2(OH)2]− (example: andyrobertsite). Arsenite minerals are much less common. Both the Dana and the Strunz mineral classifications place the arsenates in with the phosphate minerals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxide mineral</span> Class of minerals containing oxygen

The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel–Strunz classification</span> Scheme for categorizing minerals

Nickel–Strunz classification is a scheme for categorizing minerals based upon their chemical composition, introduced by German mineralogist Karl Hugo Strunz in his Mineralogische Tabellen (1941). The 4th and the 5th edition was also edited by Christel Tennyson (1966). It was followed by A.S. Povarennykh with a modified classification.

Arsenite minerals are very rare oxygen-bearing arsenic minerals. Classical world localities where such minerals occur include the complex skarn manganese deposit at Långban (Sweden) and the polymetallic Tsumeb deposit (Namibia). The most often reported arsenite anion in minerals is the AsO33− anion, present for example in reinerite Zn3(AsO3)2. Unique diarsenite anions occur i. e. in leiteite Zn[As2O4] and paulmooreite Pb[As2O5]. More complex arsenites include schneiderhöhnite Fe2+Fe3+3[As5O13] and ludlockite PbFe3+4As10O22.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfate mineral</span> Class of minerals that include the sulfate ion

The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Native element mineral</span> Elements that occur in nature as minerals in uncombined form

Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure. The elemental class includes metals, intermetallic compounds, alloys, metalloids, and nonmetals. The Nickel–Strunz classification system also includes the naturally occurring phosphides, silicides, nitrides, carbides, and arsenides.

Some organic compounds are valid minerals, recognized by the CNMNC (IMA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferronickel platinum</span> Rare occurring mineral

Ferronickel platinum is a very rarely occurring minerals from the mineral class of elements (including natural alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, phosphides and silicides) with the chemical composition Pt2FeNi and thus is chemically seen as a natural alloy, more precisely an intermetallic compound of platinum, nickel and iron in a ratio of 2:1:1.

References

  1. ↑ http://webmineral.com/strunz/strunz.php?class=03 Webmineral Halide Class.
  2. ↑ Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius Hurlbut, Jr., Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., 1985, pp. 320–325, ISBN   0-471-80580-7.
  3. ↑ Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C., Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume III: Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides, 1997, Mineral Data Publishing: Tucson.
  4. ↑ Handbook of Mineralogy - Bararite Archived 2016-04-01 at the Wayback Machine .
  5. ↑ Handbook of Mineralogy - Cryptohalite Archived 2021-12-02 at the Wayback Machine .
  6. 1 2 3 Sorrel, Charles A., Rocks & Minerals (originally Minerals of the World), Chapter "Halides", pp. 118–127, 1973, St Martin's Press: NYC · Racine, WI, ISBN   1-58238-124-0.
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