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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Zimbabwe
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Zimbabwe
|native_name =
| native_name =
|common_name = Zimbabwe
| common_name = Zimbabwe
|image_flag = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Zimbabwe.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Zimbabwe.svg
|image_map = Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map = Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg
|national_motto = "Unity, Freedom, Work"<ref name="BEAVERCT">{{cite journal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AFwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ydkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3340,2548451&dq=zimbabwe+unity-freedom-work&hl=en |title=Zimbabwe |publisher=The Beaver County Times |date=13 September 1981 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>
| national_motto = "Unity, Freedom, Work"<ref name="BEAVERCT">{{cite journal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AFwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ydkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3340,2548451&dq=zimbabwe+unity-freedom-work&hl=en |title=Zimbabwe |journal=The Beaver County Times |date=13 September 1981 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>
|national_anthem = <br />{{nowrap|{{native name|sn|[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe]]}}}}<br />''[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]])}}<br />{{small|''Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe''}}<ref name="CIA-WF">{{cite journal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |title=The World Factbook – Zimbabwe |version=2011 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |author=CIA |year=2011 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>
| national_anthem = <br />{{nowrap|{{native name|sn|[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe]]}}}}<br />''[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]])}}<br />{{small|''Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe''}}<ref name="CIA-WF">{{cite journal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |title=The World Factbook – Zimbabwe |version=2011 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |author=CIA |year=2011 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416053740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|official_languages =
| official_languages = {{collapsible list
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|title = [[Languages of Zimbabwe|16 languages]]<ref name="constitution">The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. ([http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE (final draft)]).</ref>
|title = [[Languages of Zimbabwe|16 languages]]<ref name="constitution">The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. ([http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE (final draft)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002110534/http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }}).</ref>
|liststyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa;
|liststyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa;
| [[Chewa language|Chewa]] | Chibarwe | [[English language|English]] |[[Kalanga language|Kalanga]] |[[Khoisan languages|Koisan]] |[[Nambya language|Nambya]] |[[Ndau language|Ndau]] |[[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] | Shangani |[[Shona language|Shona]] |[[sign language]] |[[Sotho language|Sotho]] | [[Tonga language (Zambia)|Tonga]] | [[Tswana language|Tswana]] | [[Venda language|Venda]] | [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| [[Chewa language|Chewa]] | Chibarwe | English |[[Kalanga language|Kalanga]] |[[Khoisan languages|Koisan]] |[[Nambya language|Nambya]] |[[Ndau language|Ndau]] |[[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] | Shangani |[[Shona language|Shona]] |[[sign language]] |[[Sotho language|Sotho]] | [[Tonga language (Zambia)|Tonga]] | [[Tswana language|Tswana]] | [[Venda language|Venda]] | [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
}}
}}
|ethnic_groups =
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
{{unbulleted list
| 82% [[Shona people|Shona]]
| 82% [[Shona people|Shona]]
| 14% [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele]]
| 14% [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele]]
Line 23: Line 21:
| 1% [[Coloured]] and [[Indians in Zimbabwe|Indian]]
| 1% [[Coloured]] and [[Indians in Zimbabwe|Indian]]
}}
}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2003
| ethnic_groups_year = 2003
|demonym = Zimbabwean
| demonym = Zimbabwean
|capital = [[Harare]]
| capital = [[Harare]]
| latd = 17
|latd=17 |latm=50 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=3 |longEW=E
| latm = 50
|largest_city = Harare
| latNS = S
|government_type = [[Semi-presidential republic]]
| longd = 31
|leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]]
| longm = 3
|leader_name1 = [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]
| longEW = E
|leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|1st Vice-President]]
| largest_city = Harare
|leader_name2 = [[Phelekezela Mphoko]]
| government_type = [[Semi-presidential republic]]
|leader_title3 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|2nd Vice-President]]
| leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]]
|leader_name3 =
| leader_name1 = [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]
|legislature = [[Parliament of Zimbabwe|Parliament]]
|upper_house = [[Senate of Zimbabwe|Senate]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|1st Vice-President]]
| leader_name2 = [[Constantino Chiwenga]]
|lower_house = [[House of Assembly of Zimbabwe|House of Assembly]]
| leader_title3 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|2nd Vice-President]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] {{nobold|from the United Kingdom}}
| leader_name3 =
|established_event1 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Declared]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Zimbabwe|Parliament]]
|established_date1 = 11 November 1965
| upper_house = [[Senate of Zimbabwe|Senate]]
|established_event2 = Recognised
| lower_house = [[House of Assembly of Zimbabwe|House of Assembly]]
|established_date2 = 18 April 1980
| sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from the United Kingdom}}
|established_event3 = [[Constitution of Zimbabwe]]
| established_event1 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Declared]]
|established_date3 = 15 May 2013
| established_date1 = 11 November 1965
|area_rank = 60th
| established_event2 = Recognised
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
| established_date2 = 18 April 1980
|area_km2 = 390,757
| established_event3 = [[Constitution of Zimbabwe]]
|area_sq_mi = 150,871
| established_date3 = 15 May 2013
|percent_water = 1
| area_rank = 60th
|population_estimate = 16,750,327<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2016 Country Ranks |url=http://www.photius.com/rankings/population/population_2012_0.html |publisher=Countries of the World |accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref>
| area_km2 = 390,757
|population_estimate_rank = 72nd
| area_sq_mi = 150,871
|population_estimate_year = 2016
| percent_water = 1
|population_census =
|population_census_year = 2012<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Results by Year-End |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-8881-Census+results+by+year-end+Biti/news.aspx |publisher=New Zimbabwe}}</ref>
| population_estimate = 16,750,327<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2016 Country Ranks |url=http://www.photius.com/rankings/population/population_2012_0.html |publisher=Countries of the World |accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank = 72nd
|population_density_km2 = 26
| population_estimate_year = 2016
|population_density_sq_mi = 57
| population_census =
|population_density_rank = 170th
| population_census_year = 2012<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Results by Year-End |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-8881-Census+results+by+year-end+Biti/news.aspx |publisher=New Zimbabwe }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|GDP_PPP = $7.731 billion<ref name="imf2" />
| population_density_km2 = 26
|GDP_PPP_year = 2013
| population_density_sq_mi = 57
|GDP_PPP_rank =
| population_density_rank = 170th
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $589<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_PPP = $7.731&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2" />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_PPP_year = 2013
|GDP_nominal = $10.978 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Zimbabwe |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $589<ref name="imf2" />
|GDP_nominal_year = 2013
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $837<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_nominal = $10.978&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Zimbabwe |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal_rank =
|Gini_year = 2009
| GDP_nominal_year = 2013
|Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $837<ref name="imf2" />
|Gini = 50.1 <!--number only-->
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini_ref =<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development report |publisher=UNDP |accessdate=15 April 2010}}</ref>
| Gini_year = 2009
|Gini_rank =
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI = 0.516 <!--number only-->
| Gini = 50.1 <!--number only-->
|HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development report |publisher=UNDP |accessdate=15 April 2010 |archive-date=17 October 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kbHWMLQA?url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_rank =
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
| HDI = 0.516 <!--number only-->
|HDI_rank = 154th
| HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|FSI = {{nowrap|110.1 {{increase}} 1.2}}
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|FSI_year = 2007
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
|FSI_rank = 4th
| HDI_rank = 154th
|FSI_category = <span style="color:red;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span>
|currency = various<sup>a</sup>
| currency = various<sup>a</sup>
|currency_code = <!--n/a?-->
| currency_code = <!--n/a?-->
| time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]
|country_code = ZW
| utc_offset = +2
|time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]
| time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
|time_zone_DST = not observed
| drives_on = left
|utc_offset_DST = +2
| calling_code = [[+263]]
|drives_on = left
|calling_code = [[+263]]
| cctld = [[.zw]]
| footnote_a = The [[Zimbabwean dollar]] is no longer in active use after it was officially suspended by the government due to [[Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe|hyperinflation]]. The United States dollar (US$), [[South African rand]] (R), [[Botswana pula]] (P), [[Pound sterling]] (£) and [[Euro]] (€) are now used instead.<big><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/zimbabwe/currency/ |title=Zimbabwe Currency |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |accessdate=21 August 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719182003/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/zimbabwe/currency/ |url-status=dead }}</ref></big> The United States dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions.
|cctld = [[.zw]]
|footnote_a = The [[Zimbabwean dollar]] is no longer in active use after it was officially suspended by the government due to [[Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe|hyperinflation]]. The [[United States dollar]] (US$), [[South African rand]] (R), [[Botswana pula]] (P), [[Pound sterling]] (£) and [[Euro]] (€) are now used instead.<big><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/zimbabwe/currency/ |title=Zimbabwe Currency |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref></big> The United States dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions.
}}
}}


The '''Republic of Zimbabwe''' is a [[country]] in the southern part of the continent of [[Africa]]. Its [[Capital (city)|capital]] city is Harare. It is one of the most poor countries and the HID in [[2010]] was the worst in the world.
The '''Republic of Zimbabwe''' is a country in the southern part of the continent of Africa. Its [[Capital (city)|capital]] city is [[Harare]].


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Zimbabwe is surrounded by other countries, and so it has no [[coast]] on the sea. This type of country is called ''landlocked''. The countries that surround Zimbabwe are [[Zambia]], [[Botswana]], [[South Africa]] and [[Mozambique]].
Zimbabwe is surrounded by other countries, and so it has no [[coast]] on the sea. This type of country is called ''landlocked''. The countries that surround Zimbabwe are [[Zambia]], [[Botswana]], South Africa and [[Mozambique]].


Zimbabwe is home to the famous [[waterfall]], [[Victoria Falls]], which are a feature of the [[river]] [[Zambezi]] and also the Great Zimbabwe, the ancient architectural monument from which the country was named after.
Zimbabwe is home to the famous [[waterfall]], [[Victoria Falls]], which are a feature of the river [[Zambezi]] and also the Great Zimbabwe, the ancient architectural monument from which the country was named after.


=== Flora and fauna ===
=== Vegetation (Fauna and Flora) ===
The country is mostly [[savanna]]. In the east it is moist and mountainous with tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees include [[teak]] and [[mahogany]], knobthorn, msasa and baobab. Among the many flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya.
The country is mostly [[savanna]]. In the east it is moist and mountainous with tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees include [[teak]] and [[mahogany]], knobthorn, msasa and baobab. Among the many flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya.
[[File:Curled trunk.jpg|thumb|left|Elephant at water hole in [[Hwange National Park]]]]
[[File:Curled trunk.jpg|thumb|left|Elephant at water hole in Hwange National Park]]


There are around 350 species of mammals in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.
There are around 350 species of mammals in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.


== History ==
== History ==
The area that is now Zimbabwe was added to the British Empire around 1890. Zimbabwe is also known by its old name of '''Rhodesia. '''In 1965, it became an independent country when Prime Minister Ian Smith announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence(U.D.I). The government was mostly controlled by the white population, similar to [[South Africa]] at the time. African citizens were given full equality in 1980, and the country's name was officially changed to Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe led the country as the Prime Minister and President for 37 years. Though Mugabe was elected fairly at first, he became a dictator, and had put in place a number of cruel and disastrous laws. On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488|title=Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'|date=2017-11-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>
The area that is now Zimbabwe was added to the British Empire around 1890. Zimbabwe is also known by its old name of '''Rhodesia. '''In 1965, it became an independent country when Prime Minister Ian Smith announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence(U.D.I). The government was mostly controlled by the white population, similar to South Africa at the time. African citizens were given full equality in 1980, and the country's name was officially changed to Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe led the country as the Prime Minister and President for 37 years. Though Mugabe was elected fairly at first, he became a dictator, and had put in place a number of cruel and disastrous laws. On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488|title=Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'|date=2017-11-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>


== Language ==
== Language ==
Line 115: Line 112:


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
Zimbabwe uses the currencies of several other countries. The government uses the [[United States dollar]]. The economy is currently in a bad situation. Foreign currency reserves are at very low levels, and the Zimbabwean Dollar has become very [[devalued]]. Just recently, three zeroes were taken off the Zimbabwean dollar (for example, $1,000,000 (one million dollars) would become $1000 (one thousand dollars)). Many observers link this to Mugabe's controversial Land Reform programme.
Zimbabwe uses the currencies of several other countries. The government uses the United States dollar. The economy is currently in a bad situation. Foreign currency reserves are at very low levels, and the Zimbabwean Dollar has become very [[devalued]]. Just recently, three zeroes were taken off the Zimbabwean dollar (for example, $1,000,000 (one million dollars) would become $1000 (one thousand dollars)). Many observers link this to Mugabe's controversial Land Reform programme.
* Agriculture: Most people in Zimbabwe work in the field of agriculture: cattle, poultry, pigs, vegetables, millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, tea, coffee, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, sugar cane, timber.
* Agriculture: Most people in Zimbabwe work in the field of agriculture: cattle, poultry, pigs, vegetables, millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, tea, coffee, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, sugar cane, timber.
* Mining: Copper, silver, tin, coal, nickel, cobalt, gold, iron ore, asbestos, chrome.
* Mining: Copper, silver, tin, coal, nickel, cobalt, gold, iron ore, asbestos, chrome.
Line 127: Line 124:
== Provinces ==
== Provinces ==
[[File:Administrative Divisions of Zimbabwe.svg|300px|thumb|right|Provinces of Zimbabwe]]
[[File:Administrative Divisions of Zimbabwe.svg|300px|thumb|right|Provinces of Zimbabwe]]
Zimbabwe is divided into 8 [[province]]s and 2 cities that are the same as a province.
Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities that are the same as a province.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Line 188: Line 185:
[[Association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe. [[Rugby union]] and [[cricket]] are also popular. Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals.
[[Association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe. [[Rugby union]] and [[cricket]] are also popular. Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals.


Zimbabwe has also done well in the [[Commonwealth Games]] and [[All-Africa Games]]. [[Kirsty Coventry]] won 11 gold medals in swimming.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2004/schedules/117BySport.html |title=2004 Olympic Games swimming results|accessdate=22 July 2007 | work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |title=Montreal 2005 Results|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070128064425/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |archivedate = 28 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php|title=12th FINA World Championships|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070606111744/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php |archivedate = 6 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/bsp/statistics/results.stm |title=BBC Sport Commonwealth Games 2002 Statistics|accessdate=29 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
Zimbabwe has also done well in the [[Commonwealth Games]] and All-Africa Games. [[Kirsty Coventry]] won 11 gold medals in swimming.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2004/schedules/117BySport.html |title=2004 Olympic Games swimming results |accessdate=22 July 2007 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=9 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509051921/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2004/schedules/117BySport.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |title=Montreal 2005 Results|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128064425/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |archivedate = 28 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php|title=12th FINA World Championships|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606111744/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php |archivedate = 6 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/bsp/statistics/results.stm |title=BBC Sport Commonwealth Games 2002 Statistics|accessdate=29 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
Zimbabwe has also been at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] and the [[Davis Cup]] in tennis. Zimbabwe has also done well in golf. Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball, [[netball]], and [[water polo]], as well as [[Squash (sport)|squash]], [[motorsport]], martial arts, [[chess]], cycling, [[polocrosse]], [[kayaking]] and [[horse racing]]. Most of these sports don't have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level.
Zimbabwe has also been at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] and the [[Davis Cup]] in tennis. Zimbabwe has also done well in golf. Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball, [[netball]], and [[water polo]], as well as [[Squash (sport)|squash]], [[motorsport]], martial arts, [[chess]], cycling, [[polocrosse]], [[kayaking]] and [[horse racing]]. Most of these sports don't have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level.


Latest revision as of 21:21, 3 June 2024

Republic of Zimbabwe
Coat of arms of Zimbabwe
Coat of arms
Motto: "Unity, Freedom, Work"[1]
Anthem: 
Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe  (Shona)
Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe  (Sindebele)
Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe[2]
Location of Zimbabwe
Capital
and largest city
Harare
Official languages
Ethnic groups
(2003)
Demonym(s)Zimbabwean
GovernmentSemi-presidential republic
• President
Emmerson Mnangagwa
Constantino Chiwenga
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Assembly
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Declared
11 November 1965
• Recognised
18 April 1980
15 May 2013
Area
• Total
390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi) (60th)
• Water (%)
1
Population
• 2016 estimate
16,750,327[4] (72nd)
• Density
26/km2 (67.3/sq mi) (170th)
GDP (PPP)2013 estimate
• Total
$7.731 billion[5]
• Per capita
$589[5]
GDP (nominal)2013 estimate
• Total
$10.978 billion[5]
• Per capita
$837[5]
Gini (2009)50.1[6]
high
HDI (2015)Increase 0.516[7]
low · 154th
Currencyvariousa
Time zoneUTC+2 (Central Africa Time)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (not observed)
Driving sideleft
Calling code+263
ISO 3166 codeZW
Internet TLD.zw
  1. The Zimbabwean dollar is no longer in active use after it was officially suspended by the government due to hyperinflation. The United States dollar (US$), South African rand (R), Botswana pula (P), Pound sterling (£) and Euro (€) are now used instead.[8] The United States dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions.

The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country in the southern part of the continent of Africa. Its capital city is Harare.

Geography

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Zimbabwe is surrounded by other countries, and so it has no coast on the sea. This type of country is called landlocked. The countries that surround Zimbabwe are Zambia, Botswana, South Africa and Mozambique.

Zimbabwe is home to the famous waterfall, Victoria Falls, which are a feature of the river Zambezi and also the Great Zimbabwe, the ancient architectural monument from which the country was named after.

Vegetation (Fauna and Flora)

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The country is mostly savanna. In the east it is moist and mountainous with tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees include teak and mahogany, knobthorn, msasa and baobab. Among the many flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya.

Elephant at water hole in Hwange National Park

There are around 350 species of mammals in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.

History

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The area that is now Zimbabwe was added to the British Empire around 1890. Zimbabwe is also known by its old name of Rhodesia. In 1965, it became an independent country when Prime Minister Ian Smith announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence(U.D.I). The government was mostly controlled by the white population, similar to South Africa at the time. African citizens were given full equality in 1980, and the country's name was officially changed to Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe led the country as the Prime Minister and President for 37 years. Though Mugabe was elected fairly at first, he became a dictator, and had put in place a number of cruel and disastrous laws. On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe.[10]

Language

[change | change source]

The country Zimbabwe has a mixture of languages; Shona, Ndebele, Venda, Manyika, Nyanja, Chagani, and a unique-unified Zimbabwean English.

Economy

[change | change source]

Zimbabwe uses the currencies of several other countries. The government uses the United States dollar. The economy is currently in a bad situation. Foreign currency reserves are at very low levels, and the Zimbabwean Dollar has become very devalued. Just recently, three zeroes were taken off the Zimbabwean dollar (for example, $1,000,000 (one million dollars) would become $1000 (one thousand dollars)). Many observers link this to Mugabe's controversial Land Reform programme.

  • Agriculture: Most people in Zimbabwe work in the field of agriculture: cattle, poultry, pigs, vegetables, millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, tea, coffee, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, sugar cane, timber.
  • Mining: Copper, silver, tin, coal, nickel, cobalt, gold, iron ore, asbestos, chrome.
  • Manufacturing: Iron, steel, food processing, textiles, brewing, wood, furniture, tobacco.
  • Other: Tourism centring on the Victoria Falls and the game parks

2017 coup d'état

[change | change source]
See the main article: 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état

On November 15, 2017, President Robert Mugabe was placed under house arrest[11] as Zimbabwe's military took control in a coup.[12] On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned the Presidency.

Provinces

[change | change source]
Provinces of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities that are the same as a province.

Province Capital
Bulawayo Bulawayo
Harare Harare
Manicaland Mutare
Mashonaland Central Bindura
Mashonaland East Marondera
Mashonaland West Chinhoyi
Masvingo Masvingo city
Matabeleland North Lupane District
Matabeleland South Gwanda
Midlands Gweru

Cities

[change | change source]

The largest cities are:

Cities in Zimbabwe
Rank City Population Province Image
Census 1982 Census 1992 Census 2002 Est. 2007
1. Harare 656,011 1,189,103 1,444,534 1,607,022 Harare
2. Bulawayo 413,814 621,742 676,787 713,340 Bulawayo
3. Chitungwiza 172,556 274,912 321,782 352,204 Harare
4. Mutare 69,621 131,367 170,106 193,629 Manicaland
5. Gweru 78,918 128,037 141,260 148,935 Midlands
6. Kwekwe 47,607 75,425 93,072 103,210 Midlands
7. Kadoma 44,613 67,750 76,173 81,008 Mashonaland West
8. Masvingo 30,523 51,743 69,993 80,630 Masvingo
9. Chinhoyi 24,322 43,054 56,794 65,109 Mashonaland West
10. Marondera 19,971 39,384 52,283 60,291 Mashonaland East

Sports

[change | change source]

Football is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe. Rugby union and cricket are also popular. Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals.

Zimbabwe has also done well in the Commonwealth Games and All-Africa Games. Kirsty Coventry won 11 gold medals in swimming.[13][14][15][16] Zimbabwe has also been at Wimbledon and the Davis Cup in tennis. Zimbabwe has also done well in golf. Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball, netball, and water polo, as well as squash, motorsport, martial arts, chess, cycling, polocrosse, kayaking and horse racing. Most of these sports don't have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level.

[change | change source]

References

[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zimbabwe.
  1. ↑ "Zimbabwe". The Beaver County Times. 13 September 1981. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  2. ↑ CIA (2011). "The World Factbook – Zimbabwe". 2011. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ↑ The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. (CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE (final draft) Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine).
  4. ↑ "Population 2016 Country Ranks". Countries of the World. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Zimbabwe". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  6. ↑ "Human Development report". UNDP. Archived from the original on 17 October 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  7. ↑ "2016 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  8. ↑ "Zimbabwe Currency". Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  9. ↑ "Census Results by Year-End". New Zimbabwe.[permanent dead link]
  10. ↑ "Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'". BBC News. 2017-11-21. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
  11. ↑ "Robert Mugabe 'under house arrest'". BBC News. 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  12. ↑ "Robert Mugabe 'under house arrest'". BBC News. 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  13. ↑ "2004 Olympic Games swimming results". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
  14. ↑ "Montreal 2005 Results". Archived from the original on 28 January 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
  15. ↑ "12th FINA World Championships". Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
  16. ↑ "BBC Sport Commonwealth Games 2002 Statistics". BBC News. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
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