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Battle o Stalingrad

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Battle o Stalingrad
Pairt o the Eastren Front o Warld War II
Date23 August 1942 – 2 Februar 1943a
(5 months, 1 week and 3 days)
LocationStalingrad, Roushie SFSR, Soviet Union
48°42′N 44°31′E / 48.700°N 44.517°E / 48.700; 44.517Coordinates: 48°42′N 44°31′E / 48.700°N 44.517°E / 48.700; 44.517
Result

Decisive[1] Soviet victory

Belligerents
 Soviet Union
Commanders an leaders
Units involved

Nazi Germany Airmy Group B:

Strenth
Ineetial:
At the time o the Soviet counteroffensive:
  • c. 1,040,000 men (400,000+ Germans, 220,000 Italians, 143,296 Romanies, 200,000 Hungarians, 40,000 Hiwi)[4][5]
  • 10,250 artillery pieces
  • 500 tanks
  • 732 (402 operational) aircraft[6]:p.225[7]:87
Ineetial:
  • 187,000 personnel
  • 2,200 artillery pieces
  • 400 tanks
  • 300 aircraft[3]:p.72
At the time o the Soviet coonteroffensive:
  • 1,143,000[8]
  • 13,451 artillery pieces
  • 894 tanks[8]
  • 1,115[6]:p.224 aircraft
Casualties an losses
  • 734,000 killed, woondit an missin
  • 108,000 capturt
  • 900 aircraft
  • 1,500 tanks
  • 6,000 artillery pieces
  • 478,741 killed and missin
  • 650,878 woondit or sick
  • 2,769 aircraft
  • 4,341 tanks
  • 15,728 artillery pieces
aOwer 10,000 Axis sodgers continued tae fecht till early Mairch 1943.[citation needit]
Battle o Stalingrad is located in Roushie
Battle o Stalingrad
Location o Stalingrad (nou Volgograd) within modren Roushie

The Battle o Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 Februar 1943)[9][10][11][12] wis a major battle o Warld War II in which Nazi Germany an its allies focht the Soviet Union for control o the ceety o Stalingrad (nou Volgograd) in Soothren Roushie.

Merkit bi fierce close quarters combat an direct assauts on ceevilians in air raids, it is eften regairdit as the single lairgest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) an bluidiest (1.7–2 million killt, woundit or capturt) battle in the history o warfare.[13] It wis an extremely dearthfu defeat for German forces, an the Airmy Heich Command haed tae widraw vast militar forces frae the Wast tae replace thair losses.[1]

The German offensive tae captur Stalingrad begoud in August 1942, uisin the 6t Airmy an elements o the 4t Panzer Airmy. The attack wis supportit bi intensive Luftwaffe bombin that reduced muckle o the ceety tae grummel. The fechtin degeneratit intae hoose-tae-hoose fechtin; baith sides poored reinforcements intae the ceety. Bi mid-November 1942, the Germans haed pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost intae narrae zones alang the wast bank o the Volga River.

On 19 November 1942, the Reid Airmy launched Operation Uranus, a twa-pronged attack targetin the waiker Romanie an Hungarian airmies pertectin the German 6t Airmy's flanks.[14] The Axis forces on the flanks war owerrun an the 6t Airmy wis cut aff an surroondit in the Stalingrad aurie. Adolf Hitler ordered that the airmy stay in Stalingrad an mak na attempt tae brak oot; insteid, attempts war made tae supply the airmy bi air an tae brak the encirclement frae the ootside. Hivy fechtin conteena'd for anither twa month. Bi the beginnin o Februar 1943, the Axis forces in Stalingrad haed exhaustit thair ammuneetion an fuid. The remeenin units o the 6t Airmy surrendert.[15]:932 The battle lastit five month, ane week an three days.

  1. The Soviet front's composeetion an names chynged several times in the battle. The battle stairtit wi the Sooth Wastren Front. It wis later renamed Stalingrad Front, then haed the Don Front split off frae it.
  2. The Front wis reformed frae reserve armies on 22 October 1942.
  3. This force grew tae 1,600 in early September bi widrawin forces frae the Kuban region an Sooth Caucasus: Hayward (1998), p. 195.

References

[eedit | eedit soorce]
  1. a b Bellamy 2007
  2. Andrews, Evan. "8 Things You Should Know About WWII's Eastern Front". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  3. a b Bergström 2007
  4. Glantz 1995, p. 346
  5. Anthony Tihamer Komjathy (1982). A Thousand Years of the Hungarian Art of War. Toronto: Rakoczi Foundation. pp. 144–45. ASIN B001PHB3N0. ISBN 978-0-8191-6524-4. ASIN is for the version cited. ISBN is for a different printing from a different publisher.
  6. a b Hayward 1998
  7. Bergstrom 2005
  8. a b Glantz 1995, p. 134
  9. McDougal Littell, (2006)
  10. Roberts (2006: 143)
  11. Biesinger (2006: 699): "On August 23, 1942, the Germans began their attack."
  12. "Battle of Stalingrad". Encyclopædia Britannica. By the end of August, ... Gen. Friedrich Paulus, with 330,000 of the German Army's finest troops ... approached Stalingrad. On 23 August a German spearhead penetrated the city's northern suburbs, and the Luftwaffe rained incendiary bombs that destroyed most of the city's wooden housing.
  13. Luhn, Alec (8 Juin 2014). "Stalingrad name may return to city in wave of second world war patriotism". theguardian.com. The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved 16 Februar 2015.
  14. Beevor (1998: 239)
  15. Shirer 1990

Citit soorces