WO2010105754A1 - Absorber column and method for separating carbon dioxide from flue gases - Google Patents

Absorber column and method for separating carbon dioxide from flue gases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010105754A1
WO2010105754A1 PCT/EP2010/001465 EP2010001465W WO2010105754A1 WO 2010105754 A1 WO2010105754 A1 WO 2010105754A1 EP 2010001465 W EP2010001465 W EP 2010001465W WO 2010105754 A1 WO2010105754 A1 WO 2010105754A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
column
flue gases
absorber
absorber column
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2010/001465
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dieter Mihailowitsch
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2010105754A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010105754A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30466—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32483—Plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an absorber column with a column section for the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases and a method in which carbon dioxide is washed out of flue gases.
  • a column section is to be understood as meaning a section of an absorber column which serves to bring a gas (eg flue gas) into intensive contact with a liquid (detergent).
  • a gas eg flue gas
  • Examples of column sections are absorber beds and backwash sections.
  • power plants ie industrial installations for providing in particular electrical and partly additional thermal power
  • primary energy is used, which is made available after appropriate conversion as useful energy.
  • gas streams are generated which can not be released to the environment without further purification steps.
  • flue gases eg. As coal, petroleum or natural gas
  • waste gas streams containing environmentally harmful components.
  • an environmentally harmful component is increasingly considered carbon dioxide, which is classified as a harmful gas.
  • Carbon dioxide deposited and fed to another use is to compress the carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of fossil fuels after deposition in suitable deposits, in particular in certain rock strata or salt water-bearing strata, and thus limit carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. This is intended to reduce the climate-damaging effect of this greenhouse gas.
  • the current concepts are referred to in the art as so-called.
  • CCS Carbon Capture and Sequestration
  • Carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas streams also accumulate in other large-scale Feuerfe ⁇ lagen which are operated with fossil fuels. These include z. As industrial furnaces, steam boilers and similar large-scale thermal plants for power or heat generation.
  • an absorber column For the deposition of carbon dioxide, the pressureless flue gases are introduced into an absorber column, where they with the aid of a detergent -.
  • An absorber column usually comprises at least one absorber bed, which is traversed by the flue gases in countercurrent to the detergent, and which ensures intensive contact of the two media, whereby a higher efficiency of the washing process is achieved.
  • such an absorber bed is designed either as a bed of Kunststoffüll stressesorn or as a packing made of metal.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an absorber column and a method of the type mentioned, can be separated by the carbon dioxide at lower cost from flue gases than is possible in the prior art.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention by using an absorber column for flue gas scrubbing which comprises a column section which is designed with a plastic packing.
  • the flue gas scrubbing according to the invention can be carried out with a variety of detergents. Preferably, however, it is carried out with an amine-based detergent.
  • the investment costs for a package made of plastic are in a similar order of magnitude as those resulting for a bed of plastic fillers. At the same time, it causes a specific pressure loss, which is similar to that of a metal packing, whereby the absorber column can be inexpensively designed with a small cross-section.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 1:
  • FIG. 1 shows an absorption column with two absorber beds and one
  • Backwash section is separated in the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas by means of an amine-based detergent.
  • the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas is introduced via line 1 in the lower region of the absorber column A and led from there to the top.
  • the carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas is washed out to more than 90%.
  • amine-based detergent 2 and 3 are trickled over the absorber beds B1 and B2 separated by the chimney tray K1 and directed downwards in countercurrent to the flue gas.
  • a backwashing section B3 is arranged, in which traces of the detergent 2, 3 still remaining in the gas are washed back by means of an auxiliary medium supplied via line 4.
  • the loaded auxiliary medium leaves the absorber column A for further treatment (not shown) via the line 8.
  • the now largely carbon dioxide-free flue gas is finally released as clean gas 5 into the atmosphere, while loaded with carbon dioxide
  • Detergent streams 6 and 7 are withdrawn from the absorber column A and fed to a regeneration (not shown).
  • the three column sections B1, B2 and B3 are made of plastic for cost reasons. Due to their low specific pressure loss They perform the Absorberkolo ⁇ ne with a comparatively small cross section and thus low investment costs.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an absorber column (A) having an absorber section (B1, B2, B3) for separating carbon dioxide from flue gases (1) and to a method in which carbon dioxide is washed out of flue gases (1). In order to minimize costs, the column section (B1, B2, B3) in the absorber column (A) is designed with a packing made of synthetic material.

Description

Beschreibung description
Absorberkolonne sowie Verfahren für die Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid ausAbsorber column and methods for the separation of carbon dioxide
Rauchgasenflue gases
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Absorberkolonne mit einer Kolonnensektion zur Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid aus Rauchgasen sowie ein Verfahren bei dem Kohlendioxid aus Rauchgasen ausgewaschen wird.The invention relates to an absorber column with a column section for the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases and a method in which carbon dioxide is washed out of flue gases.
Unter einer Kolonnensektion ist ein Teilbereich einer Absorberkolonne zu verstehen, der dazu dient, ein Gas (z. B. Rauchgas) mit einer Flüssigkeit (Waschmittel) in intensiven Kontakt zu bringen. Beispiele für Kolonnensektionen sind Absorberbetten und Rückwaschsektionen.A column section is to be understood as meaning a section of an absorber column which serves to bring a gas (eg flue gas) into intensive contact with a liquid (detergent). Examples of column sections are absorber beds and backwash sections.
Zur Sicherstellung der Energieversorgung einer Volkswirtschaft sind Kraftwerke, also industrietechnische Anlagen zur Bereitstellung von insbesondere elektrischer und teilweise zusätzlicher thermischer Leistung, unverzichtbar. In solchen Kraftwerken wird Primärenergie eingesetzt, die nach entsprechender Umwandlung als Nutzenergie verfügbar gemacht wird. Dabei fallen in der Regel Gasströme an, die nicht ohne weitere Reinigungsschritte an die Umwelt abgegeben werden können. Insbesondere in kalorischen Kraftwerken, bei denen fossile Brennstoffe, z. B. Kohle, Erdöl oder Erdgas, verbrannt werden, entstehen üblicherweise als Rauchgase bezeichnete Abgasströme, die umweltschädliche Bestandteile enthalten. Als umweltschädlicher Bestandteil wird dabei zunehmend Kohlendioxid betrachtet, welches als klimaschädliches Gas eingestuft wird.In order to secure the energy supply of an economy, power plants, ie industrial installations for providing in particular electrical and partly additional thermal power, are indispensable. In such power plants primary energy is used, which is made available after appropriate conversion as useful energy. As a rule, gas streams are generated which can not be released to the environment without further purification steps. In particular, in caloric power plants where fossil fuels, eg. As coal, petroleum or natural gas, are burned, usually referred to as flue gases referred to waste gas streams containing environmentally harmful components. As an environmentally harmful component is increasingly considered carbon dioxide, which is classified as a harmful gas.
In jüngster Zeit werden neue Kraftwerkskonzepte vorgeschlagen, bei denenRecently, new power plant concepts are proposed in which
Kohlendioxid abgeschieden und einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt wird. Ziel dieser neuen Konzepte ist es, das bei der Verbrennung der fossilen Brennstoffe entstehende Kohlendioxid nach Abscheidung in geeigneten Lagerstätten, insbesondere in bestimmten Gesteinsschichten oder Salzwasser führenden Schichten, zu verpressen und somit den Kohlendioxidausstoß zur Atmosphäre zu begrenzen. Dadurch soll die klimaschädliche Wirkung dieses Treibhausgases reduziert werden. Die derzeitigen Konzepte werden in der Fachwelt als sogen. CCS-Technologie (Carbon Capture and Sequestration) bezeichnet. Kohlendioxidhaltige Abgasströme fallen auch bei sonstigen Großfeuerungsaπlagen an, die mit fossilen Brennstoffen betrieben werden. Hierzu zählen z. B. Industrieöfen, Dampfkessel und ähnliche thermische Großanlagen zur Strom- oder Wärmeerzeugung.Carbon dioxide deposited and fed to another use. The aim of these new concepts is to compress the carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of fossil fuels after deposition in suitable deposits, in particular in certain rock strata or salt water-bearing strata, and thus limit carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. This is intended to reduce the climate-damaging effect of this greenhouse gas. The current concepts are referred to in the art as so-called. CCS (Carbon Capture and Sequestration) technology. Carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas streams also accumulate in other large-scale Feuerfeππlagen which are operated with fossil fuels. These include z. As industrial furnaces, steam boilers and similar large-scale thermal plants for power or heat generation.
Zur Abscheidung des Kohlendioxids werden die drucklosen Rauchgase in eine Absorberkolonne eingeleitet, wo sie mit Hilfe eines Waschmittels - z. B. einer auf Amin basierenden Flüssigkeit - behandelt werden. Eine Absorberkolonne umfasst gewöhnlich wenigstens ein Absorberbett, das von den Rauchgasen im Gegenstrom zum Waschmittel durchströmt wird, und das für einen intensiven Kontakt der beiden Medien sorgt, wodurch eine höhere Effektivität des Waschvorgangs erreicht wird. Nach dem Stand der Technik ist ein derartiges Absorberbett entweder als Schüttung aus Kunststofffüllkörpern oder als Packung aus Metall ausgeführt.For the deposition of carbon dioxide, the pressureless flue gases are introduced into an absorber column, where they with the aid of a detergent -. As an amine-based liquid - treated. An absorber column usually comprises at least one absorber bed, which is traversed by the flue gases in countercurrent to the detergent, and which ensures intensive contact of the two media, whereby a higher efficiency of the washing process is achieved. According to the prior art, such an absorber bed is designed either as a bed of Kunststoffüllkörpern or as a packing made of metal.
Schüttungen aus Kunststofffüllkörpern sind im Vergleich zu Packungen aus Metall sehr kostengünstig. Dieser Kostenvorteil wird jedoch durch ihren hohen spezifischen Druckverlust relativiert, der dazu zwingt, die Absorberkolonne mit einem größeren Querschnitt auszuführen, als er bei Verwendung von Packung aus Metall erforderlich ist, um die Betriebskosten in Grenzen zu halten.Fillings made of plastic filling bodies are very cost-effective in comparison to packages made of metal. However, this cost advantage is offset by its high specific pressure loss, which forces the absorber column to be made larger in cross-section than that required when using metal packs to limit operating costs.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Absorberkolonne sowie ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, durch die Kohlendioxid mit geringeren Kosten aus Rauchgasen abgetrennt werden kann, als dies nach dem Stand der Technik möglich ist.Object of the present invention is to provide an absorber column and a method of the type mentioned, can be separated by the carbon dioxide at lower cost from flue gases than is possible in the prior art.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird seitens der Absorberkolonne erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Kolonnensektion mit einer Packung aus Kunststoff ausgeführt ist.The stated object is achieved on the part of the absorber column according to the invention in that the column section is designed with a plastic packing.
Verfahrensseitig wird die gestellte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass zur Rauchgaswäsche eine Absorberkolonne eingesetzt wird, die eine Kolonnensektion umfasst, die mit einer Packung aus Kunststoff ausgeführt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Rauchgaswäsche kann mit einer Vielzahl von Waschmitteln durchgeführt werden. Vorzugsweise wird sie jedoch mit einem auf Amin basierenden Waschmittel durchgeführt.In terms of the method, this object is achieved according to the invention by using an absorber column for flue gas scrubbing which comprises a column section which is designed with a plastic packing. The flue gas scrubbing according to the invention can be carried out with a variety of detergents. Preferably, however, it is carried out with an amine-based detergent.
Die für eine aus Kunststoff bestehende Packung anfallenden Investitionskosten liegen in einer ähnlichen Größenordnung wie diejenigen, die sich für eine Schüttung aus Kunststofffüllkörpern ergeben. Gleichzeitig verursacht sie einen spezifischen Druckverlust, der ähnlich gering ist, wie derjenige einer Packung aus Metall, wodurch die Absorberkolonne kostengünstig mit einem kleinen Querschnitt ausgeführt werden kann.The investment costs for a package made of plastic are in a similar order of magnitude as those resulting for a bed of plastic fillers. At the same time, it causes a specific pressure loss, which is similar to that of a metal packing, whereby the absorber column can be inexpensively designed with a small cross-section.
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines in der Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden:In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 1:
Figur 1 zeigt eine Absorptionskolonne mit zwei Absorberbetten und einerFIG. 1 shows an absorption column with two absorber beds and one
Rückwaschsektion in der kohlendioxidhaltiges Rauchgas mittels eines auf Amin basierenden Waschmittels abgetrennt wird.Backwash section is separated in the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas by means of an amine-based detergent.
Das kohlendioxidhaltige Rauchgas wird über Leitung 1 in den unteren Bereich der Absorberkolonne A eingeleitet und von dort aus nach oben geführt. Hierbei wird das im Rauchgas enthaltene Kohlendioxid zu mehr als 90% ausgewaschen. Dazu wird auf Amin basierendes Waschmittel 2 und 3 über die durch den Kaminboden K1 getrennten Absorberbetten B1 und B2 verrieselt und im Gegenstrom zum Rauchgas nach unten geführt. Oberhalb der beiden Absorberbetten B1 und B2, und durch den Kaminboden K2 von diesen getrennt, ist noch eine Rückwaschsektion B3 angeordnet, in welcher mit Hilfe eines über Leitung 4 zugeführten Hilfsmediums noch im Gas verbliebene Spuren des Waschmittels 2, 3 zurückgewaschen werden. Das beladene Hilfsmedium verlässt die Absorberkolonne A zur weiteren Behandlung (nicht dargestellt) über die Leitung 8. Das nunmehr weitgehend kohlendioxidfreie Rauchgas wird schließlich als Reingas 5 in die Atmosphäre entlassen, während die mit Kohlendioxid beladenenThe carbon dioxide-containing flue gas is introduced via line 1 in the lower region of the absorber column A and led from there to the top. Here, the carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas is washed out to more than 90%. For this purpose, amine-based detergent 2 and 3 are trickled over the absorber beds B1 and B2 separated by the chimney tray K1 and directed downwards in countercurrent to the flue gas. Above the two absorber beds B1 and B2, and separated from them by the chimney tray K2, a backwashing section B3 is arranged, in which traces of the detergent 2, 3 still remaining in the gas are washed back by means of an auxiliary medium supplied via line 4. The loaded auxiliary medium leaves the absorber column A for further treatment (not shown) via the line 8. The now largely carbon dioxide-free flue gas is finally released as clean gas 5 into the atmosphere, while loaded with carbon dioxide
Waschmittelströme 6 und 7 aus der Absorberkolonne A abgezogen und einer Regenerierung (nicht dargestellt) zugeführt werden.Detergent streams 6 and 7 are withdrawn from the absorber column A and fed to a regeneration (not shown).
Die drei Kolonnensektionen B1 , B2 und B3 sind, aus Kostengründen, mit Packungen aus Kunststoff ausgeführt. Durch ihren geringen spezifischen Druckverlust ermöglichen sie es, die Absorberkoloπne mit einem vergleichsweise kleinen Querschnitt und damit niedrigen Investitionskosten auszuführen. The three column sections B1, B2 and B3 are made of plastic for cost reasons. Due to their low specific pressure loss They perform the Absorberkoloπne with a comparatively small cross section and thus low investment costs.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Absorberkolonne (A) mit einer Kolonnensektion (B1 ,B2,B3) für die Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid aus Rauchgasen (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kolonnensektion (B1 ,B2,B3) mit einer Packung aus Kunststoff ausgeführt ist.1. absorber column (A) with a column section (B1, B2, B3) for the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases (1), characterized in that the column section (B1, B2, B3) is designed with a plastic packing.
2. Verfahren zum Auswaschen von Kohlendioxid aus Rauchgasen (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Rauchgaswäsche eine Absorberkolonne (A) eingesetzt wird, die eine Kolonnensektion (B1 ,B2,B3) umfasst, die mit einer Packung aus Kunststoff ausgeführt ist.2. A method for washing carbon dioxide from flue gases (1), characterized in that for flue gas scrubbing an absorber column (A) is used, which comprises a column section (B1, B2, B3), which is designed with a plastic packing.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rauchgaswäsche mit einem Waschmittel (2,3) auf Aminbasis durchgeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the flue gas scrubbing is carried out with an amine-based detergent (2,3).
PCT/EP2010/001465 2009-03-17 2010-03-09 Absorber column and method for separating carbon dioxide from flue gases WO2010105754A1 (en)

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DE102009013757A DE102009013757A1 (en) 2009-03-17 2009-03-17 Absorber column and process for the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases

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US8192530B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2012-06-05 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for regeneration of an absorbent solution
US8911538B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-12-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and system for treating an effluent stream generated by a carbon capture system
US9028654B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2015-05-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of treatment of amine waste water and a system for accomplishing the same
US9101912B2 (en) 2012-11-05 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for regeneration of solid amine CO2 capture beds
US9133407B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-09-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Systems and processes for removing volatile degradation products produced in gas purification
CN109701360A (en) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 In low-carbon alkene and acetic acid cooxidation product gas the removing of carbon dioxide with utilize apparatus and method

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EP1935486A1 (en) * 2006-11-23 2008-06-25 Basf Se Method for processing mixture of materials
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8192530B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2012-06-05 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for regeneration of an absorbent solution
US9133407B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-09-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Systems and processes for removing volatile degradation products produced in gas purification
US8911538B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-12-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and system for treating an effluent stream generated by a carbon capture system
US9028654B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2015-05-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of treatment of amine waste water and a system for accomplishing the same
US9101912B2 (en) 2012-11-05 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for regeneration of solid amine CO2 capture beds
CN109701360A (en) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 In low-carbon alkene and acetic acid cooxidation product gas the removing of carbon dioxide with utilize apparatus and method
CN109701360B (en) * 2017-10-26 2022-07-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Device and method for removing and utilizing carbon dioxide in low-carbon olefin and acetic acid co-oxidation product gas

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