CN102696444B - Cultivation method by afforestation technique for barren hills with dichotomy forked fern - Google Patents

Cultivation method by afforestation technique for barren hills with dichotomy forked fern Download PDF

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CN102696444B
CN102696444B CN201210015029.8A CN201210015029A CN102696444B CN 102696444 B CN102696444 B CN 102696444B CN 201210015029 A CN201210015029 A CN 201210015029A CN 102696444 B CN102696444 B CN 102696444B
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awns beanstalk
cave
band
afforestation
awns
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CN102696444A (en
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许华美
许丽
赖学舜
许建东
许新桥
邓华平
钟东洋
李建明
潘标志
张志才
谢正林
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry and particularly relates to a cultivation method by afforestation technique for barren hills with dichotomy forked fern. The cultivation method includes determining vertical silviculture belts, chemical deawning, mechanical digging, mechanical fertile soil mixing, moulding of returning topsoil, afforesting and management of young growth. The practical specific technique is used according to the characteristics of the barren hills with dichotomy forked fern, and the 'burning-free minimum-tillage or no-tillage modern ecological forest cultivation method is provided for reforestation of the barren hills with dichotomy forked fern.

Description

A kind of methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forestry, what be specifically related to is a kind of methods of cultivation about awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology.
Background technology
Awns beanstalk bone [Dicranopteris dichotoma (Tnumb Berhu)] is drought-enduring barren-resistant, at III, IV class on the spot woods aerial that soil ridge is thin, the underground rhizome by it is forcibly occupied rapidly forest land to surrounding expansion with bud sprout growth and is formed single vegetation deserted mountain.Awns beanstalk bone is one of the main weeds in southern forest land, accounts for southern forest land about 40%, therefore carries out science regeneration to awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain, cultivates rapidly the forest resources, Promote Forestry sustainable development, has reality and profound significance.Due to awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain be III, IV class on the spot, the general only suitable thin seeds of resistance to ridge of planting, as coniferals etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain is carried out and exempt from the methods of cultivation that " refining " minimal tills no-tillage scientific forestation, realize Forest management modernization.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
Methods of cultivation for awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology, its technological process is as follows:
Fixed band of vertically afforesting-→ chemistry does pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth management except awns-→ machinery digs cave-→ loam mechanical agitation-→ time table soil.Wherein:
Fixed vertical afforestation band comprises the band that centers, cloth axial cord and cloth line-spacing rope; Chemistry removes awns and comprises chemical agent and application method; Machinery digs cave and comprises method of operating and footpath, cave, cave are selected deeply; Loam mechanical agitation comprises executes cave base fertilizer and the churned mechanically operation of clay fertilizer; Return table soil to do pier and comprise and specifically do pier method; Afforestation comprises seedling treatment and crab rooting seedling afforestation, nutritious bag seedling afforestation, Light media seedling afforestation and nutritive cube seedling afforestation; Young growth manage and protect comprise spray forest land weeds sealer, frequently thin fertilizer, control remaining awns beanstalk bone cause harm.
The outstanding advantages of these methods of cultivation is, adopt this technology to afforest to reach exempt from " refining ", minimal till, no-tillage modern ecological forest culture and management, be substitute tradition " refining " mountain to afforest and realize the technical method of forestry sustainable development.The deserted mountain regeneration of awns beanstalk bone is provided and exempts from " refining " no-tillage modern ecological forest culture and management methods of cultivation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the concrete methods of cultivation, the present invention is described in further detail.
Methods of cultivation for awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology, its technological process is as follows:
Fixed band of vertically afforesting-→ chemistry does pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth management except awns-→ machinery digs cave-→ loam mechanical agitation-→ time table soil.Wherein:
1, fixed band of vertically afforesting: according to the difference of the forest tree species built, afforestation band is divided into vertical afforestation band and level afforestation two kinds, band.Vertical afforestation band is generally used for builds timber forest, industrial woods, the ecological forest, coast protection forest etc., as built China fir, pine, eucalyptus etc.: level afforestation band is generally used for builds economic forest, as oil tea, fruit tree etc.Because awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain soil ridge is thin, III, IV class on the spot soil property is poor, only the suitable thin seeds of resistance to ridge of planting, as coniferals etc., so generally select vertical afforestation band afforestation to awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain.
Center band and cloth axial cord.In order to normalization criteriaization afforestation, when surely vertical afforestation band, first a middle its central band and cloth axial cord is determined: namely plug in a mark post on top, face, a hillside, vertically a mark post is inserted again to the foot of the hill from benchmarking, plug in a mark post upper and lower two again in the middle of bar straight lines, three mark posts point-blank (bar will be inserted directly, bar tied up red-label higher than awns beanstalk bone height, bar upper end).If II class land occupation condition deserted mountain, the dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, be then as the criterion with three mark post straight lines, cuts out its central band in 80 centimetres wide to the left and right with mowing filling machine.Cut off with pasting when cutting band and push outside band cutting off awns beanstalk bone, and then stretching by the plastic ties that red pencil is thick on the center line of middle its central band, cloth axial cord.Mow and fill with machine cut except awns beanstalk bone, Xinghua board BG mowing filling machine can be selected, be advisable (turning on the power 50%) with the saw blade of≤40 teeth.If III, IV class on the spot forest land, the awns beanstalk bone height of growth is less than 40 centimetres can direct cloth axial cord on three mark post straight lines.
Cloth line-spacing rope is with fixed vertical afforestation.As awns beanstalk bone height is less than 40 centimetres, axial cord from Ding Xia appropriate location, slope select a fixing point beat spud pile, arbitrary for the stage casing of line-spacing rope mark is fixed in this stake, and by two, line-spacing rope, horizontal direction is stretching to the left and right, make line-spacing rope crossing with axial cord in 90 °, simultaneously in mountain, the foot of the hill presses same method cloth two line-spacing ropes again.Such three line-spacing ropes are parallel to each other, and their corresponding each line-spacing marks are all on same vertical line, and each bar straight line is the center line of each vertical afforestation band, also just constitute a rule and vertically to afforest band.
As the dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, filling with machine cut with mowing except after awns beanstalk bone, being with fixed vertical afforestation by above method cloth line-spacing rope.
Described " line-spacing rope ", is the red rope of plastics selecting pencil thick, makes marks by the line-spacing length of reproducting tree species on rope, and its mark is tightened with white cloth wire rope handling, and this mark claims line-spacing to mark.
2, chemistry is except awns: to III, IV class on the spot deserted mountain, the awns beanstalk bone that growing height is less than 40 centimetres, directly sprays forest land awns beanstalk except control agent.Forest land awns beanstalk except control agent by specification is diluted to liquid, operation people uses hand-held backpack sprayer, and bring vertical afforestation under mountain on mountain or from mountain from mountain and spray liquid, spraying swath one meter is wide.After having sprayed this band of vertically afforesting, three mark posts on this band are moved and is inserted into Article 3 and vertically afforests and bring (Article 2 vertically afforest band plug mark post), spray Article 2 more vertically to afforest and bring awns beanstalk bone, after Article 2 is vertically afforested and is brought awns beanstalk bone to spray, bring three mark posts to move to be inserted into Article 4 vertically to afforest this to bring, can carry out Article 3 vertically afforest band spray liquid, such one group, six roots of sensation mark post three bar constantly movement carries out spraying liquid.During spraying, pressure wants hidden fixed, reaches spraying swath 1 meter by adjustment shower nozzle and careless tip height.The awns beanstalk bone vertical afforestation band exhibition that withered formation one rule is neat being gradually sprayed onto medicine shows on mountain.Can not drain spray during spray medicine, avoid respraying, spray medicine direction of travel on the straight line of aiming stake sight alignment, can not must offset.
To II class land occupation condition deserted mountain, awns beanstalk bone is cut off (the dense height of former awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres) by machinery with pasting, can to cutting the otch dispenser of dichotomy forked fern rhizome portion.
Described " awns beanstalk is except control agent " can use the forest land awns beanstalk of Fujian mirror No. 80th, word [1998] " Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement except control agent.It is composited by multiple weed killer herbicide, plays a role and awns beanstalk bone is gone out remove through awns beanstalk bone blade and Root Absorption (based on Root Absorption).The dilution process by specification of its medicament carries out.
3, machinery digs cave: dispenser about two months awns beanstalk bones withered after, bring vertical afforestation and carry out machinery by object tree spacing in the rows and dig cave.Available Xinghua board BFW earth auger digs cave, and this machine is furnished with 140,160,200 millimeters of different-diameter drill bits, can supply footpath, cave choice for use.General field planting crab rooting seedling selects 200 mm dia drill bits to dig cave, and field planting nutritious bag seedling, Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling select 140,160 mm dia drill bits to dig cave.Cave is determine according to reproducting tree species deeply, build the dark 35-40 centimetre in coniferals seeds cave routinely, but because awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain soil ridge is thin, dig cave dark 45-50 centimetre and be advisable, so that cave bottom application biological organic fertilizer (organic matter become thoroughly decomposed and containing beneficial microbe fertilizer).Vertical afforestation bring dig cave time, band central line is stood firm and digs cave, as acupuncture point runs into stone, tree head, can suitable mobile acupuncture point up and down in band central line, but can not acupuncture point be moved left and right.Machinery digs cave and is conducive to back table soil, is conducive to improving survival rate of planting, is conducive to cave base fertilizer, is conducive to forest reserve surface soil layer.Machinery digs cave and improves effect 4-6 doubly than excavated by manual work cave, and dig cave at red soil, per work day, abrupt slope can dig about 600, and 600-800 cave is dug on gentle slope, and 800-1600 cave is dug on level land.
4, loam mechanical agitation: the mountain region belonging to III, IV class land occupation condition because awns beanstalk bone deserted mountain, soil ridge is thin, so cave base fertilizer must be executed, cave base fertilizer biological organic fertilizer adds a little fused calcium magnesium phosphate and puts in cave, as cave subsoil is not enough, can the part table soil of cave periphery be inserted in cave, allow fertilizer add soil and account for 2/3-3/4 height in cave, then fertile machine is mixed with Xinghua board BFW (identical with BFW earth auger, be less than footpath, cave soil in cave can be stirred with fertilizer as long as bit diameter changed into) microrunning, stir 3-6 and just can stir by loam second.Employing is mixed fertile machine and is mixed fertilizer, avoids treelet fertilizer damage, solves and manually mixes fertile effort and uneven problem.
5, return table soil and do pier: after loam stirs, below cave surrounding cubsoil being harrowed to cave piles chain-wales, then rising with the table mamoty of hoe handle cave surrounding 3-6 cm thick smashes back in cave, after filling up, tamp gently with hoe handle and return the native 12-18 cm above ground level of table again, then cave surrounding soil layer hoe pine is smashed and makes 55-65 cm diameter steamed bun shape knoll.
6, afforest: before afforestation, carry out seedling treatment.The sharp chopper of crab rooting seedling stays 9 centimetre length places to cut except (otch is smooth) main root stays 18 centimeters to cut to remove side root on timber, puts into after taking root liquid soaks, then puts and be stained with root in red heart soil mud slurry and plant; Nutritious bag seedling first solution removes bag film, puts into after taking root liquid soaks and cultivates immediately.Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling are cultivated after first soaking in taking root liquid and suctioning liquid water immediately.
Crab rooting seedling is planted: on mountain, center, cave, hoe excavates cave soil, return after putting the nursery stock processed into after soil with the hands compresses and gently carry nursery stock and make its root system happy, return table soil hoe brain urgent in seedling surrounding, return one again to loosen the soil and cover in seedling surrounding, rearrange knoll, 15 centimetres above ground level of this cultivation knoll, 60 cm diameter areas, then cover cave surrounding hay in seedling surrounding.
Nutritious bag, Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling carry training: excavate cubsoil in cave with hill hoe (or singlehanded hoe), put into nursery stock, return soil with the hands to compress rear hoe brain and beat reality in cave surrounding, then put in seedling surrounding and loosen the soil, periphery withe leaf and surface organic matter cover on acupuncture point.
In case of drought all will water sufficient normal root water after transplanted seedling tree.
7, young growth management: is spray forest land weeds sealer in treelet surrounding.Make woods cave four weekly form soil with local methods because of time table and keep many annual grass-seeds, the very fast sprout growth of proper temperature, humidity, the seedling of just having planted easily is hidden by these annual weed.After one month, live treelet with tree cover cap in field planting, its surrounding sprays forest land weeds sealer for this reason, and treelet is caused harm from annual weed in 1 year.Two is frequently thin fertilizers.Execute the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer more than 2 times of 0.3% concentration in field planting after one month, guarantee seedling survival and growth.Three is control remaining awns beanstalk bone to cause harm.At chemistry except Mang Shiyin drain spray forest land awns beanstalk is except reasons such as control agent, when awns beanstalk bone sprouts long sprouting after the spring, then with forest land awns beanstalk except control agent is prevented and kill off, cover treelet with protective covers such as tree cover or Plastic Drums during spray medicine, avoid medicine mist to be blown off on treelet.
Described forest land " weeds sealer " refers to chemical weed control herbicide before seedling stage in nursery in mirror No. 80th, word [1998] " the Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement of Fujian.It can kill the weeds of being just unearthed, and the sprout growth of the annual weed that can also control not to be unearthed, control about the 1 year phase of grass, makes treelet field planting then from weed encroachment, thus avoid treelet weeding then.Generally, it is prevention and control treelet cave surrounding weed growth in young growth, and in soil, mobility is very poor, does not substantially move treelet safety for this reason.

Claims (6)

1. methods of cultivation for awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology, is characterized in that, comprise following technological process: fixed band of vertically afforesting-→ chemistry does pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth management except awns-→ machinery digs cave-→ loam mechanical agitation-→ time table soil;
(1) fixed band of vertically afforesting
Fixed vertical afforestation band comprises the band that centers, cloth axial cord and cloth line-spacing rope;
1. center band and cloth axial cord:
When surely vertical afforestation band, first a middle its central band and cloth axial cord is determined: namely plug in a mark post on top, face, a hillside, vertically a mark post is inserted again to the foot of the hill from benchmarking, a mark post is inserted again in the middle of upper and lower two bar straight lines, three mark posts point-blank, and will insert directly, bar has tied up red-label higher than awns beanstalk bone height, bar upper end by bar; II class land occupation condition deserted mountain, the dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, then be as the criterion with three mark post straight lines, its central band in one 80 centimetres wide is cut out to the left and right with mowing filling machine, cut off with pasting when cutting band and push outside band cut off awns beanstalk bone, and then stretching by the plastic ties that red pencil is thick on the center line of middle its central band, cloth axial cord; III, IV class on the spot forest land, the awns beanstalk bone height of growth is less than 40 centimetres of directly cloth axial cords on three mark post straight lines;
2. cloth line-spacing rope:
Awns beanstalk bone height is less than 40 centimetres, axial cord from Ding Xia appropriate location, slope select a fixing point beat spud pile, arbitrary for the stage casing of line-spacing rope mark is fixed in this stake, and by two, line-spacing rope, horizontal direction is stretching to the left and right, make line-spacing rope crossing with axial cord in 90 °, simultaneously in mountain, the foot of the hill presses same method cloth two line-spacing ropes again, such three line-spacing ropes are parallel to each other, their corresponding each line-spacing marks are all on same vertical line, each bar straight line is the center line of each vertical afforestation band, also just constitutes a rule and vertically to afforest band;
The dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, fills with machine cut except after awns beanstalk bone with mowing, then cloth line-spacing rope mode cloth line-spacing rope when being less than 40 centimetres by above-mentioned awns beanstalk bone height;
(2) chemistry is except awns: to III, IV class on the spot deserted mountain, the awns beanstalk bone that growing height is less than 40 centimetres, directly sprays forest land awns beanstalk except control agent; To II class land occupation condition deserted mountain, the dense height of former awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres of awns beanstalk bones and is cut off with pasting by machinery, to cutting the otch dispenser of dichotomy forked fern rhizome portion.
2. the methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, build coniferals seeds, machinery digs the dark 45-50 centimetre in cave, to execute cave base fertilizer.
3. the methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, making fertilizer add soil and account for 2/3-3/4 height in cave, then with mixing fertile machine, loam being stirred when executing cave base fertilizer in loam mechanical agitation step.
4. the methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, returning table soil to do in pier step after loam stirs, below cave, chain-wales is piled with cave surrounding cubsoil, then the table of cave surrounding 3-6 cm thick soil back in cave, return table soil after filling up compacting again and make 12-18 centimetre above ground level, the knoll of diameter 55-65 centimetre.
5. the methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, afforestation comprises seedling treatment and crab rooting seedling, nutritious bag seedling, Light media seedling and nutritive cube seedling afforestation.
6. the methods of cultivation of awns beanstalk bone afforestation technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, young growth manage and protect comprise spray forest land weeds sealer, frequently thin fertilizer, control remaining awns beanstalk bone cause harm, wherein, spray forest land weeds sealer: in field planting after one month, live treelet with tree cover cap, its surrounding sprays forest land weeds sealer, and treelet is caused harm from annual weed in 1 year; Frequently thin fertilizer: the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer more than 2 times executing 0.3% concentration in field planting after month, guarantees seedling survival and growth; Control remaining awns beanstalk bone to cause harm: when awns beanstalk bone sprouts long sprouting after the spring, then with forest land awns beanstalk except control agent is prevented and kill off, cover treelet with tree cover or Plastic Drum protective cover during spray medicine, avoid medicine mist to be blown off on treelet.
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CN101558728A (en) * 2009-05-22 2009-10-21 许华美 Modern afforesting and farming method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101558728A (en) * 2009-05-22 2009-10-21 许华美 Modern afforesting and farming method

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