normal

See also: Normal and normál

English

Etymology

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔːml̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl
• Hyphenation: norm‧al

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.

   Organize the data into third normal form.

   • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

     Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
     And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
     And what's normal now, anyway?

   • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge, →ISBN, page 210:

     In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.

   1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bⁿ possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.

         A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to be simply normal.

         A number that is normal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to be absolutely normal.

      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with a random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology or topological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
      12. (commutative algebra, of a domain) Integrally closed: equal its own integral closure in its field of fractions.
      13. (commutative algebra, of a ring) Such that all of its localizations at prime ideals are integrally closed domains.
      14. (algebraic geometry, of a variety or scheme) Such that the local ring at every point is an integrally closed domain.
2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.

   John is feeling normal again.

   1. (fandom slang, sarcastic, with “about”) Fervently interested in a subject; obsessed.

      I wrote a 30-page analysis of the show’s villain because I’m very normal about them.

3. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.

   My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School; my grandfather attended Illinois State Normal University.

   • 1928, Western Montana College, Western Montana College of Education, Catalogue of the Montana State Normal College, page 10:

     PURPOSE AND SCOPE[:] The State Normal College prepares teachers for the public schools of Montana. It accomplishes its work through professional courses, directed observation of expert teaching, and  […]

4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (a normal mode).
7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or tangent plane of a surface.

   The interior normal vector of a perfect sphere always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both are always collinear with the ray whose tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes

• When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms

• (usual): conventional, customary, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, routine, average, expected, natural, typical, everyday, common, commonplace, general
• (healthy): hale, healthy, well
• (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal
• (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “usual”): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special
• (antonym(s) of “healthy”): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell
• (antonym(s) of “perpendicular”): tangential
• (antonym(s) of “rail transport”): reverse

Derived terms

• abnormal
• algebraic normal form
• antinormal
• Backus normal form
• binormal
• Boyce-Codd normal form
• canonical conjunctive normal form
• canonical disjunctive normal form
• centinormal
• clausal normal form
• conjunctive normal form
• conormal
• Covid normal
• decanormal
• decinormal
• denormal
• disjunctive normal form
• Earth-normal
• equinormal
• extranormal
• fifth normal form
• first normal form
• fourth normal form
• have a normal one
• heteronormal
• hypernormal
• hyponormal
• immunonormal
• lognormal
• malnormal
• millinormal
• multinormal
• new normal
• nonnormal
• normal basis
• normalcy
• normal depth
• normaldom
• normal extension
• normalfag
• normal fault
• normal force
• normal form
• normal form game
• normal for Norfolk
• normal good
• normal histology
• normalhood
• normal hydrogen
• normal hydrogen electrode
• normalise, normalize
• normalish
• Normal Island
• normalism
• normalist
• normality
• normalization
• normal lens
• normallo
• normally
• normal mode
• normalness
• normaloid
• normal pause
• normalphobia
• normalphobic
• normal potential
• normal profit
• normal random variable
• normal saline
• normal school
• normal space
• normal subgroup
• normal time
• normal vector
• normalwise
• norman
• normie
• normophile
• orthonormal
• paranormal
• perinormal
• polynormal
• postnormal
• prenex normal form
• preternormal
• pronormal
• pseudonormal
• quasinormal
• ring sum normal form
• second normal form
• seminormal
• standard normal distribution
• standard normal random variable
• subnormal
• supernormal
• supranormal
• surface normal
• third normal form
• transnormal
• ultranormal
• unnormal

 

Related terms

• norm

Translations

according to norms or rules

• Arabic: عَادِيّ (ʕādiyy)
• Belarusian: нарма́льны (narmálʹny)
• Bulgarian: нормален (bg) (normalen)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 正常 (zing³ soeng⁴)

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng), 通常 (zh) (tōngcháng), 常態 / 常态 (zh) (chángtài de)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: normal (da), almindelig (da)
• Dutch: normaal (nl)
• Estonian: normaalne
• Finnish: säännönmukainen (fi)
• French: normal (fr)
• Galician: normal (gl)
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Hebrew: נורמלי (he) m (normáli)
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), normál (hu)
• Ido: normala (io)
• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 正常 (ja) (せいじょう, seijō), 通常 (ja) (つうじょう, tsūjō), 常態 (ja) (じょうたい, jōtai)
• Khiamniungan Naga: vâu, vâu c pl
• Latin: normalis
• Latvian: normāls, parasts
• Macedonian: нормален (normalen)
• Maltese: normali m
• Moroccan Amazigh: ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍ (unzil), ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓ (amagnu)
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt) n
• Romanian: normal (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj)
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)
• Thai: ธรรมดา (th) (tam-má-daa), ปกติ (th) (bpà-gà-dtì), ปรกติ (th) (bpròk-gà-dtì)
• Ukrainian: норма́льний (uk) (normálʹnyj)
• Yiddish: נאָרמאַל (normal)

usual, ordinary

• Albanian: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: عَادِيّ (ʕādiyy), طَبِيعِيّ (ar) (ṭabīʕiyy)
• Armenian: հասարակ (hy) (hasarak), նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Belarusian: нарма́льны (narmálʹny)
• Bulgarian: обикновен (bg) (obiknoven)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Dutch: normaal (nl), normale (nl), gewoon (nl), gewone (nl)
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: harilik
• Finnish: säännöllinen (fi)
• French: normal (fr), ordinaire (fr)
• Galician: normal (gl)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Haitian Creole: nòmal
• Hebrew: רגיל (he) m (ragíl)
• Hindi: साधारण (hi) (sādhāraṇ), ठीक (hi) (ṭhīk)
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), szokványos (hu), szokásos (hu), megszokott (hu), mindennapos (hu), átlagos (hu)
• Icelandic: venjulegur (is), eðlilegur (is)
• Indonesian: normal (id), biasa (id)
• Irish: normálta, gnáth-, gnách
• Isan: please add this translation if you can
• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 普通 (ja) (ふつう, futsū)
• Kazakh: қалыпты (qalypty)
• Khiamniungan Naga: vâu
• Khmer: ធម្មតា (km) (tʰoammeaʔdaa)
• Korean: 정상의 (ko) (jeongsang-ui)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latvian: parasts, ierasts, pierasts, normāls
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Maori: pūnoa
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Nepali: ठीक (ṭhīk), साधारण (sādhāraṇ)
• Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: normal (no), ordinær (no), vanlig (no), alminnelig (no)
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl), zwykły (pl), zwyczajny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt)
• Romanian: obișnuit (ro), normal (ro), uzual (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj), обыкнове́нный (ru) (obyknovénnyj), обы́чный (ru) (obýčnyj)
• Sanskrit: सामान्य (sa) (sāmānya)
• Shan: please add this translation if you can
• Southern Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)
• Thai: ธรรมดา (th) (tam-má-daa), ปกติ (th) (bpà-gà-dtì), ปรกติ (th) (bpròk-gà-dtì)
• Tibetan: རྒྱུན་ཆགས (rgyun chags), རྒྱུན་འཇགས (rgyun 'jags), རྒྱུན་གཏན (rgyun gtan), རྒྱུན་ཚུགས (rgyun tshugs), རྒྱུན་འཛུགས (rgyun 'dzugs)
• Turkish: normal (tr), olağan (tr)
• Ukrainian: норма́льний (uk) (normálʹnyj)
• Vietnamese: bình thường (vi)
• Yiddish: נאָרמאַל (normal)

healthy; not sick or ill

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: rask (da)
• Finnish: normaali (fi)
• Hungarian: jól (hu)
• Indonesian: normal (id), sehat (id)
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl)
• Spanish: normal (es), bien (es), sano (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)

pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 师范 (zh) (shīfàn)

• Dutch: normaal (nl)
• French: normal (fr)
• Hungarian: tanárképző (hu)

of points: in the default position

• Catalan: normal (ca)

Noun

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

2. (geometry, countable) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.
   • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz, Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎^[1], SCIRJ:

     Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.

4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.

   His workload is now back to normal.

   Heavy workload is the new normal.

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 269:

     Still, there was a hitch somewhere in the gathering that threw it out of normal.

Synonyms

• (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations

mathematics: a line perpendicular to another

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Bulgarian: перпендикуляр m (perpendikuljar)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 法線 / 法线 (zh) (fǎxiàn)

• Dutch: normaal (nl) f, loodlijn (nl) f
• Estonian: normaal
• Finnish: normaali (fi)
• French: normale (fr) f
• German: Normale (de) f
• Greek: κάθετος (el) f (káthetos)
• Hungarian: merőleges (hu)
• Irish: normal m
• Japanese: 法線 (ja) (ほうせん,hōsen)
• Korean: 법선 (beopseon)
• Latvian: perpendikuls (lv) m, normāle f
• Maori: rārangi hāngai
• Portuguese: normal (pt) f
• Russian: норма́ль (ru) f (normálʹ)
• Spanish: normal (es) f
• Swedish: normal (sv) c

person who fits in

• Polish: normik (pl) m pers

Anagrams

• Morlan, Marlon, Larmon, Molnar

Asturian

Adjective

normal (epicene, plural normales)

1. normal

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [nurˈmal]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [norˈmal]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [noɾˈmal]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• normalitat
• normalment

Further reading

• “normal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “normal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “normal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. By surface analysis, norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔʁ.mal/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

1. normal (according to norms, usual)
2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
3. okay, alright

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• école normale supérieure
• en temps normal
• heure normale de l’est
• loi normale
• normalement
• normalisation
• normaliser
• normalité
• supernormal
• ultranormal

 

Related terms

• norme

Further reading

• “normal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
• Rhymes: -aːl

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

1. ordinary, normal

   völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension

Positive forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist normal	sie ist normal	es ist normal	sie sind normal
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normaler	normale	normales	normale
	genitive	normalen	normaler	normalen	normaler
	dative	normalem	normaler	normalem	normalen
	accusative	normalen	normale	normales	normale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normale	die normale	das normale	die normalen
	genitive	des normalen	der normalen	des normalen	der normalen
	dative	dem normalen	der normalen	dem normalen	den normalen
	accusative	den normalen	die normale	das normale	die normalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normaler	eine normale	ein normales	(keine) normalen
	genitive	eines normalen	einer normalen	eines normalen	(keiner) normalen
	dative	einem normalen	einer normalen	einem normalen	(keinen) normalen
	accusative	einen normalen	eine normale	ein normales	(keine) normalen

Comparative forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist normaler	sie ist normaler	es ist normaler	sie sind normaler
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normalerer	normalere	normaleres	normalere
	genitive	normaleren	normalerer	normaleren	normalerer
	dative	normalerem	normalerer	normalerem	normaleren
	accusative	normaleren	normalere	normaleres	normalere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normalere	die normalere	das normalere	die normaleren
	genitive	des normaleren	der normaleren	des normaleren	der normaleren
	dative	dem normaleren	der normaleren	dem normaleren	den normaleren
	accusative	den normaleren	die normalere	das normalere	die normaleren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normalerer	eine normalere	ein normaleres	(keine) normaleren
	genitive	eines normaleren	einer normaleren	eines normaleren	(keiner) normaleren
	dative	einem normaleren	einer normaleren	einem normaleren	(keinen) normaleren
	accusative	einen normaleren	eine normalere	ein normaleres	(keine) normaleren

Superlative forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am normalsten	sie ist am normalsten	es ist am normalsten	sie sind am normalsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normalster	normalste	normalstes	normalste
	genitive	normalsten	normalster	normalsten	normalster
	dative	normalstem	normalster	normalstem	normalsten
	accusative	normalsten	normalste	normalstes	normalste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normalste	die normalste	das normalste	die normalsten
	genitive	des normalsten	der normalsten	des normalsten	der normalsten
	dative	dem normalsten	der normalsten	dem normalsten	den normalsten
	accusative	den normalsten	die normalste	das normalste	die normalsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normalster	eine normalste	ein normalstes	(keine) normalsten
	genitive	eines normalsten	einer normalsten	eines normalsten	(keiner) normalsten
	dative	einem normalsten	einer normalsten	einem normalsten	(keinen) normalsten
	accusative	einen normalsten	eine normalste	ein normalstes	(keine) normalsten

Derived terms

• normalerweise
• stinknormal

 

Adverb

normal

1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion

   Er hat sich ganz normal benommen.

   He behaved quite normally.

2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general

   Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.

   I normally go to bed early.

Interjection

normal

1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial

   Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ― Normal.

   You already smoked at twelve? ― Sure.

Further reading

• “normal” in Duden online
• “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /norˈmaːl/

Adjective

normal

1. normal

Declension

Declension of normal (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
Weak inflection	nominative	normal	normal	normal	normale
	accusative	normale	normal	normal	normale
	dative	normale	normale	normale	normale
Strong inflection	nominative	normaler	normale	normales	normale
	accusative	normale	normale	normales	normale
	dative	normalem	normaler	normalem	normale

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔr.mal/
• Rhymes: -mal
• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal)

1. normal
   1. according to norms or rules or to a regular pattern
   2. (usually of mental health) usual, healthy; not sick or ill

Derived terms

• kenormalan
• normalkan
• penormalan

 

Related terms

• abnormal
• normalisasi
• normalitas

 

Further reading

• “normal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adjective

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Irish

Etymology

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

Declension of normal (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative normal normail vocative a normail a normala genitive normail normal dative normal normail forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an normal na normail genitive an normail na normal dative leis an normal don normal leis na normail

Derived terms

• aonadnormal m (“unit normal”)
• normalach (“normal”, adjective)
• normalacht f (“normality”)

 

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “normal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “normal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2024

Ladin

Adjective

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor, normalsporet
• normaltid

 

References

• “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor
• normaltid

 

References

• “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noɦˈmaʊ̯]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noɦˈmaʊ̯]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /noɾˈmaw/ [noɾˈmaʊ̯]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noʁˈmaʊ̯]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /noɻˈmaw/ [noɻˈmaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈmal/ [nɔɾˈmaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈmal/ [nɔɾˈmaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈma.li/

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): [nɔɦˈmaw]
• (Rural Central Brazil) IPA^(key): [nuɹˈmaw]
• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (plural normais)

1. normal, standard, regular
2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms

• normalizar
• normalmente

Related terms

• norma
• anormal

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, normă +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /norˈmal/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

1. normal

Related terms

• normalitate

Adverb

normal

1. normally
2. of course, obviously

   Synonyms: evident, logic

   Normal că mi-e foame.

   Of course I'm hungry.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales)

1. normal, standard, regular, fine

   Synonyms: regular, común

   Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común

   A mi me parece normal.

   It seems fine to me.

2. (geometry) perpendicular

   Synonym: perpendicular

   Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms

• distribución normal
• escuela normal
• leche normal
• normal y corriente
• normalidad
• normalista
• refresco normal
• subnormal

 

Related terms

• norma

 

Noun

normal f (plural normales)

1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading

• “normal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

1. normal

   Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

Inflection of normal

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	normal	normalare	normalast
neuter singular	normalt	normalare	normalast
plural	normala	normalare	normalast
masculine plural2	normale	normalare	normalast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	normale	normalare	normalaste
all	normala	normalare	normalaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Related terms

• normalisera

Noun

normal c

1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)

   Antonym: tangent

Declension

Declension of normal

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	normal	normals
	definite	normalen	normalens
plural	indefinite	normaler	normalers
	definite	normalerna	normalernas

References

• normal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog

Etymology

Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Ultimate stress borrowed from Spanish normal.
• Penultimate stress borrowed from English normal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/ [n̪oɾˈmal] (Spanish influence)
    • Rhymes: -al
  • IPA^(key): /ˈnoɾmal/ [ˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (English influence)
    • Rhymes: -oɾmal
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

1. normal

   Synonyms: karaniwan, regular

Related terms

• abnormal
• abnormalidad
• normalidad

 

Further reading

• “normal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmɑl/

Adjective

normal

1. normal
2. regular
3. usual

Declension

predicative forms of normal

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	normalim	normal miyim?	normal değilim	normal değil miyim?
sen (you are)	normalsin	normal misin?	normal değilsin	normal değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	normal / normaldir	normal mi?	normal değil	normal değil mi?
biz (we are)	normaliz	normal miyiz?	normal değiliz	normal değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	normalsiniz	normal misiniz?	normal değilsiniz	normal değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	normal(ler)	normal(ler) mi?	normal değil(ler)	normal değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	normaldim	normal miydim?	normal değildim	normal değil miydim?
sen (you were)	normaldin	normal miydin?	normal değildin	normal değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	normaldi	normal miydi?	normal değildi	normal değil miydi?
biz (we were)	normaldik	normal miydik?	normal değildik	normal değil miydik?
siz (you were)	normaldiniz	normal miydiniz?	normal değildiniz	normal değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	normaldiler	normal miydiler?	normal değildi(ler) / değillerdi	normal değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	normalmişim	normal miymişim?	normal değilmişim	normal değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	normalmişsin	normal miymişsin?	normal değilmişsin	normal değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	normalmiş	normal miymiş?	normal değilmiş	normal değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	normalmişiz	normal miymişiz?	normal değilmişiz	normal değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	normalmişsiniz	normal miymişsiniz?	normal değilmişsiniz	normal değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	normalmişler	normal miymişler?	normal değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	normal değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	normalsem	normal miysem?	normal değilsem	normal değil miysem?
sen (if you)	normalsen	normal miysen?	normal değilsen	normal değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	normalse	normal miyse?	normal değilse	normal değil miyse?
biz (if we)	normalsek	normal miysek?	normal değilsek	normal değil miysek?
siz (if you)	normalseniz	normal miyseniz?	normal değilseniz	normal değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	normalseler	normal miyseler?	normal değilseler / değillerse	normal değil miyseler?

Noun

normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

1. normal (usual state)
2. standard

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	normal
Definite accusative	normali
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	normal	—
Definite accusative	normali	—
Dative	normale	—
Locative	normalde	—
Ablative	normalden	—
Genitive	normalin	—

Derived terms

• normalleştirmek
• normalleşmek

Welsh

Noun

normal m (plural normalau, not mutable)

1. (geometry) normal

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies