elles
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronoun
[edit]elles f pl
- they (female)
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]elles
- they (feminine)
See also
[edit]Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]elles c
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French eles, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ɛl/, (before a vowel) /ɛl.z‿/
Audio: (file) - Homophones: aile, ailes, elle, hèle, hèles, hèlent, L
Pronoun
[edit]elles f pl (third-person plural, singular elle, accusative les, dative leur, emphatic elles, possessive determiner leur)
Related terms
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Noun
[edit]elles f
Further reading
[edit]- “elles”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]el- (“away, off”) + les (“to spy, peep, peek”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]elles
- (transitive) to learn by watching, to acquire by (close and often secret) observation (from someone: -tól/-től)
- 1862, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man,[1] translation by J.C.W. Horne,[2] Iain MacLeod,[3] and George Szirtes,[4] Scene 1:
- Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykor ellesi, / Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.
- That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should but learn, / Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth
- Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himself acquire the knack / and plagiarize this crude experiment
- Are now screwed up into these tiny globes / That chase, attract or else repel each other, / Awaking a few worms to consciousness / Till all of space is tilled at last, grows cold, / And only the indifferent slag is left? / If man’s at all observant he’ll concoct / Some hash like this with his poor instruments.
- Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himself acquire the knack / and plagiarize this crude experiment
- That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should but learn, / Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth
- Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykor ellesi, / Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.
- 1862, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man,[1] translation by J.C.W. Horne,[2] Iain MacLeod,[3] and George Szirtes,[4] Scene 1:
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ellesek | ellesel | elles | ellesünk | ellestek | ellesnek | |
Def. | ellesem | ellesed | ellesi | ellessük | ellesitek | ellesik | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleslek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | ellestem | ellestél | ellesett | ellestünk | ellestetek | ellestek | ||
Def. | ellestem | ellested | elleste | ellestük | ellestétek | ellesték | |||
2nd-p. o. | ellestelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. el fog lesni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ellesék | ellesél | ellese | ellesénk | ellesétek | ellesének | ||
Def. | ellesém | elleséd | ellesé | ellesénk | ellesétek | ellesék | |||
2nd-p. o. | ellesélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. elles vala, ellesett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ellesendek | ellesendesz | ellesend | ellesendünk | ellesendetek | ellesendenek | ||
Def. | ellesendem | ellesended | ellesendi | ellesendjük | ellesenditek | ellesendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | ellesendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ellesnék | ellesnél | ellesne | ellesnénk | ellesnétek | ellesnének | |
Def. | ellesném | ellesnéd | ellesné | ellesnénk (or ellesnők) |
ellesnétek | ellesnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | ellesnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ellesett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ellessek | elless or ellessél |
ellessen | ellessünk | ellessetek | ellessenek | |
Def. | ellessem | ellesd or ellessed |
ellesse | ellessük | ellessétek | ellessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | ellesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ellesett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | ellesni | ellesnem | ellesned | ellesnie | ellesnünk | ellesnetek | ellesniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
ellesés | elleső | ellesett | ellesendő | ellesve (ellesvén) | elleset | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem les el or el is les. |
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | elleshetek | elleshetsz | elleshet | elleshetünk | elleshettek | elleshetnek | |
Def. | elleshetem | ellesheted | ellesheti | elleshetjük | elleshetitek | elleshetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | elleshettem | elleshettél | elleshetett | elleshettünk | elleshettetek | elleshettek | ||
Def. | elleshettem | elleshetted | elleshette | elleshettük | elleshettétek | elleshették | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ellesheték | elleshetél | elleshete | ellesheténk | elleshetétek | elleshetének | ||
Def. | elleshetém | elleshetéd | ellesheté | ellesheténk | elleshetétek | ellesheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. elleshet vala, elleshetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | elleshetendek or ellesandhatok |
elleshetendesz or ellesandhatsz |
elleshetend or ellesandhat |
elleshetendünk or ellesandhatunk |
elleshetendetek or ellesandhattok |
elleshetendenek or ellesandhatnak | ||
Def. | elleshetendem or ellesandhatom |
elleshetended or ellesandhatod |
elleshetendi or ellesandhatja |
elleshetendjük or ellesandhatjuk |
elleshetenditek or ellesandhatjátok |
elleshetendik or ellesandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshetendelek or ellesandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | elleshetnék | elleshetnél | elleshetne | elleshetnénk | elleshetnétek | elleshetnének | |
Def. | elleshetném | elleshetnéd | elleshetné | elleshetnénk (or elleshetnők) |
elleshetnétek | elleshetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elleshetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | elleshessek | elleshess or elleshessél |
elleshessen | elleshessünk | elleshessetek | elleshessenek | |
Def. | elleshessem | elleshesd or elleshessed |
elleshesse | elleshessük | elleshessétek | elleshessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | elleshesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elleshetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (elleshetni) | (elleshetnem) | (elleshetned) | (elleshetnie) | (elleshetnünk) | (elleshetnetek) | (elleshetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | elleshető | Neg. adj. | elleshetetlen | Adv. part. | (elleshetve / elleshetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem leshet el or el is leshet. |
Further reading
[edit]- elles in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- elles in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Latvian
[edit]Noun
[edit]elles f
- inflection of elle:
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English elles, from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]elles
Adverb
[edit]elles
Conjunction
[edit]elles
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “elles, adj. (also as noun).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “elles, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “elles, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle French
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]elles f pl
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From eller (“or”), from Old Norse ella, ellar, from Proto-Germanic *aljaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]elles
- (conjunctive) else, otherwise
- Det lyt du gjera, elles går dette gale.
- You have to do that, else this will go wrong.
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- “elles” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *alljas
Adverb
[edit]elles
- else
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
- ...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þe elles ǣniġ ōþer;...
- But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians or else any other.
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
References
[edit]- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ELLES”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[5], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Portuguese
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]elles m pl
Noun
[edit]elles m
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Syllabification: e‧lles
Pronoun
[edit]elles gender-neutral pl
- (gender-neutral, neologism) they; a gender-neutral plural third-person personal pronoun
- 2019, Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales, Derechos humanos en la Argentina: Informe 2019, Siglo XXI Editores, →ISBN:
- Elles integraron los organismos junto a activistas que si bien no tenían parientes desaparecides se sumaron por trayectorias militantes y profesionales.
- They were part of the organizations along with activists who, although they had no relatives who had disappeared, joined them through militant and professional trajectories.
- plural of elle
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Noun
[edit]elles f pl
Yola
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English elles, from Old English elles, from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]elles
References
[edit]- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 38
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian pronouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish noun forms
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- French personal pronouns
- French non-lemma forms
- French noun forms
- Hungarian verbs prefixed with el-
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃ/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -tól/-től
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian noun forms
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adjectives
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English conjunctions
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk adverbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adverbs
- Old English terms with quotations
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese obsolete forms
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese noun forms
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʝes
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʝes/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʎes
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʎes/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʃes
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʃes/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʒes
- Rhymes:Spanish/eʒes/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish gender-neutral terms
- Spanish neologisms
- Spanish terms with quotations
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish noun forms
- Yola terms inherited from Middle English
- Yola terms derived from Middle English
- Yola terms inherited from Old English
- Yola terms derived from Old English
- Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Yola terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yola lemmas
- Yola adjectives