bir
Afar
[edit]Previous: | ambóyra |
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Next: | a bár |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]bír
Noun
[edit]bír m
Declension
[edit]Declension of bír | ||||||||||||||||||
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absolutive | bír | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | bíri | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | bír | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | birtí | |||||||||||||||||
|
References
[edit]- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
Azerbaijani
[edit]Cyrillic | бир | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | بیر |
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]bir
Derived terms
[edit]- bir daha (“once again, ever again”)
- bir də (“and; once again, ever again”)
- bir-bir (“one by one”)
- bir-birini (“each other”)
- birbaşa (“directly”)
- bircə (“one, sole”)
- birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)
- birər
References
[edit]- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Bikol Central
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir
Cimbrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.
Noun
[edit]bir n
References
[edit]- “bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Crimean Tatar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Numeral
[edit]1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
bir
References
[edit]- Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary][3], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
Gagauz
[edit]1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Numeral
[edit]bir
Iban
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir
Ili Turki
[edit]1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Numeral
[edit]bir
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)
Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]bir
- Romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ
Jiiddu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)
Noun
[edit]bir
References
[edit]- Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86
Karaim
[edit]1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birińči | ||
Numeral
[edit]bir
References
[edit]Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /be(r)/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /bɪ(r)/
- Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)
Noun
[edit]bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)
Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)
- well
- 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:
- Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).
Noun
[edit]bir (plural birs)
- A strong or favorable wind.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Violence; strength; fury.
- c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
- With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An onrush, swiftness.
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- Enemyes fledden with bire.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- A charge on an account.
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
- Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
Descendants
[edit]- English: birr
References
[edit]- “bir(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle High German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.
Noun
[edit]bir f
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Alemannic German: Biire
- Bavarian: Birn
- German: Birne
- Hunsrik: Bern
- Luxembourgish: Bir
- Vilamovian: biyn
- Yiddish: באַר (bar)
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *beru.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]
Declension
[edit]Neuter u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beuraL, bira |
Vocative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Accusative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Genitive | beroH, beraH | beroN, beraN | beraeN |
Dative | biurL, biur | beraib | beraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
[edit]- berach (“pointed”)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]
- water, spring, well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
- bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
- spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]·bir
Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bir | bir pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ |
mbir |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
[edit]- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir n (plural biruri)
Declension
[edit]Salar
[edit]< - | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua) IPA(key): [pəɹ]
- (Chahandusi, Hanbahe, Jiezi, Gaizi, Dazhuang, Mengda, Xunhua, Ili, Samuyuzi, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [pir], [piɹ]
- (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua) IPA(key): [per], [peɹ]
Numeral
[edit]bir
References
[edit]- 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar][4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 302, 444
- 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader][5], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]bir
- onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night
References
[edit]- Edward Dwelly (1911) “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][6], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Sumerian
[edit]Romanization
[edit]bir
- Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbiɾ/ [ˈbiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: bir
Noun
[edit]bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)
- (colloquial) beer
- Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa
Derived terms
[edit]Turkish
[edit]10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci Distributive: birer |
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Standard:
- Colloquial:
Audio: (file)
Numeral
[edit]bir
Adjective
[edit]bir
Adverb
[edit]bir
Determiner
[edit]bir
Pronoun
[edit]bir
Noun
[edit]bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | bir | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | bir | birler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | birleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | bire | birlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | birde | birlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | birden | birlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | birin | birlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
[edit]- bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)
Turkmen
[edit]10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinji |
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]bir[2]
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
- ^ bir at Ene dilim
Uzbek
[edit]10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinchi |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]bir
Volapük
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bir (nominative plural birs)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- Afar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afar lemmas
- Afar adverbs
- Afar nouns
- Afar masculine nouns
- aa:Time
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- sq:Male family members
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani terms with audio links
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani numerals
- Azerbaijani cardinal numbers
- Bikol Central terms borrowed from English
- Bikol Central terms derived from English
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central nouns
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian doublets
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian nouns
- Cimbrian neuter nouns
- Luserna Cimbrian
- cim:Alcoholic beverages
- cim:Zymurgy
- Crimean Tatar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar numerals
- Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers
- Gagauz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz lemmas
- Gagauz numerals
- Gagauz cardinal numbers
- Iban terms borrowed from English
- Iban terms derived from English
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Iban lemmas
- Iban nouns
- iba:Beverages
- Ili Turki terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ili Turki terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ili Turki lemmas
- Ili Turki numerals
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰews-
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio links
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Beer
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Jiiddu terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Jiiddu terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Jiiddu lemmas
- Jiiddu nouns
- jii:Weather
- Karaim lemmas
- Karaim numerals
- Karaim cardinal numbers
- Malay terms borrowed from Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Dutch
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/be(r)
- Rhymes:Malay/e(r)
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay uncountable nouns
- ms:Beer
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Maltese/iːr
- Rhymes:Maltese/iːr/1 syllable
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese nouns
- Maltese masculine nouns
- Maltese terms with quotations
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Middle High German terms derived from Latin
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German nouns
- Middle High German feminine nouns
- gmh:Fruits
- gmh:Pome fruits
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish neuter nouns
- Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish verb forms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Hungarian
- Romanian terms derived from Hungarian
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Salar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Salar lemmas
- Salar numerals
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic interjections
- gd:Animal sounds
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾ/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog colloquialisms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish numerals
- Turkish cardinal numbers
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish adverbs
- Turkish determiners
- Turkish pronouns
- Turkish nouns
- Turkmen terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkmen lemmas
- Turkmen numerals
- Turkmen cardinal numbers
- Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek numerals
- Uzbek cardinal numbers
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- vo:Beer