魚
|
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Stroke order (Japan) | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character
[edit]魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)
- Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/魚
- 𠽐, 𡐚, 𡠵, 𢐗, 𢠐, 𢳶, 漁, 𣊘, 龽, 䐳, 䁩, 𣩕, 𮃣, 䗨, 𨢭, 𠓈, 𨫷, 𩥭
- 𫑨, 穌, 䔡, 𪽟, 𩅔, 𢊧, 𤹿, 𫊣, 𢖍, 𨶢, 𪗏, 𭍯, 㱎
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
- Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9B5A
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 魚 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 鱼 | |
alternative forms | 𤉯 𤋳 𩵋 𮫬 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 魚 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Pictogram (象形) – a fish.
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yu2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yú
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йү (yü, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyie4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): y1
- Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̂
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̀
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6ng / 2ng / 6yu / 2yu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (魚兒/鱼儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yúr
- Wade–Giles: yü2-ʼrh
- Yale: yúr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuel
- Palladius: юйр (jujr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /yə̯ɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: y
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: yú
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu4 / jyu4-2
- Yale: yùh / yú
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4 / jy4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yu4 / yu4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/, /jyː²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngui3 / ngui3* / ngui3-4 / ngui3-4*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡui²²/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²²⁵/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyie4
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲie³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ǹg
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ng2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: y1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hî
- Tâi-lô: hî
- Phofsit Daibuun: hii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Tainan, Yilan, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hi²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû
- Tâi-lô: hû
- Phofsit Daibuun: huu
- IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /hu²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Yongchun, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
- Tâi-lô: gû
- Phofsit Daibuun: guu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîr
- Tâi-lô: gîr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî
- Tâi-lô: gî
- Phofsit Daibuun: gii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
- gû/gîr/gî - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: he5 / hu5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ̂ / hû
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɯ⁵⁵/, /hu⁵⁵/
- he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
- hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
- hu5 - vernacular;
- yi5 - literary.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6ng
- MiniDict: ng去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhngg
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Jiaxing)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6yu
- MiniDict: yu去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhy
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- ng - colloquial;
- yu - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: y2
- Sinological IPA (key): /y¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 魚 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /y³⁵/ |
Harbin | /y²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /y⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /y⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /y⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /y²⁴/ | |
Xining | /y²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /y⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /y⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /y⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /y²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /y³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /i²¹/ | |
Kunming | /i³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /y²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /y¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ȵy¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /y³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ŋ̍²³/ /ɦy²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦy¹³/ /ŋ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ŋøy³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ny⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵy⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /y¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /y¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵie⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /n̩¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋ̍¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jy²¹/ |
Nanning | /y²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jy²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gu³⁵/ /hi³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋy⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋy³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zi³¹/ /hu³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r.ŋ]a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋa/
Definitions
[edit]魚
- fish (Classifier: 條/条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
- fish (as a food)
- (~日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
- † Alternative form of 漁/渔 (yú)
- † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 五餅二魚/五饼二鱼 (wǔbǐng'èryú)
- 人魚/人鱼 (rényú)
- 伯魚/伯鱼
- 印魚/印鱼
- 叉魚/叉鱼
- 史魚/史鱼
- 嘉魚/嘉鱼 (Jiāyú)
- 團魚/团鱼 (tuányú)
- 射魚/射鱼
- 帶魚/带鱼 (dàiyú)
- 恩魚/恩鱼
- 懸魚/悬鱼
- 扁魚/扁鱼
- 打魚/打鱼 (dǎyú)
- 挫魚/挫鱼
- 捕魚/捕鱼 (bǔyú)
- 摸魚/摸鱼 (mōyú)
- 撲魚/扑鱼
- 放魚/放鱼
- 文魚/文鱼 (wényú)
- 斑魚/斑鱼
- 旗魚/旗鱼 (qíyú)
- 木魚/木鱼 (mùyú)
- 板魚/板鱼
- 枯魚/枯鱼
- 柴魚/柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 梭魚/梭鱼 (suōyú)
- 比目魚/比目鱼 (bǐmùyú)
- 水魚/水鱼 (shuǐyú)
- 池魚/池鱼
- 沙丁魚/沙丁鱼 (shādīngyú)
- 沙魚/沙鱼 (shāyú)
- 河魚/河鱼 (Héyú)
- 炸魚/炸鱼
- 烏賊魚/乌贼鱼 (wūzéiyú)
- 烏魚/乌鱼 (wūyú)
- 煙仔魚/烟仔鱼 (ian-á-hî)
- 狼魚/狼鱼
- 甲魚/甲鱼
- 白魚/白鱼 (báiyú)
- 皋魚/皋鱼
- 箭魚/箭鱼 (jiànyú)
- 紅魚/红鱼 (hóngyú)
- 絲魚/丝鱼
- 腳魚/脚鱼 (jiǎoyú)
- 臘魚/腊鱼
- 臥魚/卧鱼
- 花魚湖/花鱼湖 (Huāyúhú)
- 草魚/草鱼 (cǎoyú)
- 蟲魚/虫鱼
- 蠹魚/蠹鱼 (dùyú)
- 衣魚/衣鱼 (yīyú)
- 角魚/角鱼
- 豚魚/豚鱼
- 貫魚/贯鱼
- 醃魚/腌鱼 (yānyú)
- 金槍魚/金枪鱼 (jīnqiāngyú)
- 金魚/金鱼 (jīnyú)
- 釣魚/钓鱼 (diàoyú)
- 銀魚/银鱼
- 雙魚/双鱼 (Shuāngyú)
- 雪魚/雪鱼 (xuěyú)
- 電魚/电鱼
- 青魚/青鱼 (qīngyú)
- 章魚/章鱼 (zhāngyú)
- 飛魚/飞鱼 (fēiyú)
- 香魚/香鱼 (xiāngyú)
- 鬥魚/斗鱼 (dòuyú)
- 魚丸/鱼丸 (yúwán)
- 魚伯/鱼伯
- 魚信/鱼信
- 魚兒/鱼儿
- 魚具/鱼具 (yújù)
- 魚刀/鱼刀
- 魚刺/鱼刺 (yúcì)
- 魚卵/鱼卵 (yúluǎn)
- 魚叉/鱼叉 (yúchā)
- 魚口/鱼口
- 魚塭/鱼塭 (yúwēn)
- 魚塘/鱼塘 (yútáng)
- 魚子/鱼子 (yúzǐ)
- 魚子醬/鱼子酱 (yúzǐjiàng)
- 魚封/鱼封
- 魚尾/鱼尾 (yúwěi)
- 魚尾紋/鱼尾纹 (yúwěiwén)
- 魚市/鱼市 (yúshì)
- 魚情/鱼情
- 魚找魚,蝦找蝦/鱼找鱼,虾找虾
- 魚拓/鱼拓
- 魚排/鱼排
- 魚書/鱼书
- 魚服/鱼服
- 魚木/鱼木
- 魚板/鱼板 (yúbǎn)
- 魚梁
- 魚梯/鱼梯
- 魚樂/鱼乐
- 魚死網破/鱼死网破 (yúsǐwǎngpò)
- 魚水/鱼水 (yúshuǐ)
- 魚水情/鱼水情
- 魚汛/鱼汛 (yúxùn)
- 魚池/鱼池 (yúchí)
- 魚沉/鱼沉
- 魚油/鱼油 (yúyóu)
- 魚漂/鱼漂 (yúpiāo)
- 魚爛/鱼烂
- 魚片/鱼片
- 魚狗/鱼狗 (yúgǒu)
- 魚白/鱼白 (yúbái)
- 魚目混珠/鱼目混珠 (yúmùhùnzhū)
- 魚眼/鱼眼 (yúyǎn)
- 魚秧/鱼秧
- 魚秧子/鱼秧子
- 魚窩頭/鱼窝头 (Yúwōtóu)
- 魚竿/鱼竿 (yúgān)
- 魚笱/鱼笱 (yúgǒu)
- 魚符/鱼符
- 魚箋/鱼笺
- 魚簍/鱼篓 (yúlǒu)
- 魚米之鄉/鱼米之乡 (yúmǐzhīxiāng)
- 魚粉/鱼粉
- 魚粕/鱼粕
- 魚紋/鱼纹
- 魚網/鱼网 (yúwǎng)
- 魚線/鱼线
- 魚繭/鱼茧
- 魚缸/鱼缸 (yúgāng)
- 魚网
- 魚罟/鱼罟
- 魚群/鱼群 (yúqún)
- 魚群探測器/鱼群探测器
- 魚翅/鱼翅 (yúchì)
- 魚肉/鱼肉 (yúròu)
- 魚肚/鱼肚 (yúdǔ)
- 魚肝油/鱼肝油 (yúgānyóu)
- 魚肚白/鱼肚白 (yúdùbái)
- 魚肥/鱼肥
- 魚脣/鱼唇 (yúchún)
- 魚腥/鱼腥
- 魚膠/鱼胶 (yújiāo)
- 魚花/鱼花 (yúhuā)
- 魚苗/鱼苗 (yúmiáo)
- 魚藤/鱼藤
- 魚藻/鱼藻
- 魚虎/鱼虎 (yúhǔ)
- 魚蝦/鱼虾 (yúxiā)
- 魚蝨/鱼虱
- 魚蟲/鱼虫 (yúchóng)
- 魚袋/鱼袋
- 魚論/鱼论
- 魚販/鱼贩 (yúfàn)
- 魚貫/鱼贯 (yúguàn)
- 魚躍救球/鱼跃救球
- 魚遊釜中/鱼游釜中
- 魚鉤/鱼钩 (yúgōu)
- 魚雁/鱼雁
- 魚雷/鱼雷 (yúléi)
- 魚雷艇/鱼雷艇
- 魚頭/鱼头 (yútóu)
- 魚類/鱼类 (yúlèi)
- 魚餌/鱼饵 (yú'ěr)
- 魚鬆/鱼松 (yúsōng)
- 魚鮓/鱼鲊
- 魚鮮/鱼鲜 (yúxiān)
- 魚鰭/鱼鳍 (yúqí)
- 魚鰾/鱼鳔 (yúbiào)
- 魚鱗/鱼鳞 (yúlín)
- 魚鳥/鱼鸟
- 魚鷹/鱼鹰 (yúyīng)
- 魚麗/鱼丽
- 魚鼓/鱼鼓 (yúgǔ)
- 魚龍/鱼龙 (yúlóng)
- 魚龍混雜/鱼龙混杂 (yúlónghùnzá)
- 魷魚/鱿鱼 (yóuyú)
- 鮑魚/鲍鱼 (bàoyú)
- 鮒魚/鲋鱼
- 鮪魚/鲔鱼 (wěiyú)
- 鮭魚/鲑鱼 (guīyú)
- 鯊魚/鲨鱼 (shāyú)
- 鯉魚/鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
- 鯽魚/鲫鱼 (jìyú)
- 鯰魚/鲶鱼 (niányú)
- 鯡魚/鲱鱼 (fēiyú)
- 鯧魚/鲳鱼 (chāngyú)
- 鯗魚/鲞鱼 (xiǎngyú)
- 鯢魚/鲵鱼
- 鯨魚/鲸鱼 (jīngyú)
- 鰉魚/鳇鱼 (huángyú)
- 鰒魚/鳆鱼 (fùyú)
- 鰈魚/鲽鱼
- 鰂魚涌/鲗鱼涌
- 鰤魚/𫚕鱼
- 鰻魚/鳗鱼
- 鰷魚/鲦鱼
- 鰲魚/鳌鱼
- 鱄魚/𫚋鱼
- 鰱魚/鲢鱼 (liányú)
- 鱈魚/鳕鱼 (xuěyú)
- 鱒魚/鳟鱼 (zūnyú)
- 鱔魚/鳝鱼 (shànyú)
- 鱖魚/鳜鱼 (guìyú)
- 鱸魚/鲈鱼 (lúyú)
- 鱷魚/鳄鱼 (èyú)
- 鳳尾魚/凤尾鱼 (fèngwěiyú)
- 鷂魚/鹞鱼
- 鹹魚/咸鱼 (xiányú)
- 鹹魚翻生/咸鱼翻生
- 鹹魚翻身/咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
- 黃魚/黄鱼 (huángyú)
- 墨魚/墨鱼 (mòyú)
- 黿魚/鼋鱼 (yuányú)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “魚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #8084”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ご (go)
- Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)←ぎよ (gyo, historical)
- Kun: うお (uo, 魚, Jōyō)←うを (uwo, 魚, historical); さかな (sakana, 魚, Jōyō)
- Nanori: い (i); いお (io)←いを (iwo, historical); お (o)←を (wo, historical); な (na)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
さかな Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
肴 |
Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, bound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) + 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a fish, especially when used as food
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
- I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
- 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
- An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- 2011 May 14, “半魚獣・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
- Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- a side dish, specifically referring to fish
- Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
Usage notes
[edit]- This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.
Derived terms
[edit]- 青魚 (aozakana)
- 生き魚 (ikizakana)
- 川魚 (kawazakana)
- 小魚 (kozakana)
- 下魚 (gezakana, “inferior fish, cheap fish”)
- 魚釣り (sakanatsuri)
- 魚屋 (sakanaya, “fishmonger, fish store/shop”)
- 魚河岸 (sakanagashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 塩魚 (shiozakana)
- 年取り魚 (toshitorizakana)
- 生魚 (namazakana)
- 煮魚 (nizakana)
- 干魚 (hizakana)
- 焼き魚 (yakizakana)
Etymology 2
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
うお Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
/uwo/ → /uo/
From Old Japanese.[4][5]
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *uwo.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) うお [ùó] (Heiban – [0])[5][2][3]
- (Tokyo) うお [ùóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[6]
- (Tokyo) うお [úꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[6]
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟o̞]
Audio: (file)
Modern dialectal data
- (Sapporo, Hokkaidō) //
- (Rebun, Hokkaidō) //
- (Aomori, Aomori Prefecture) //
- (Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture) //
- (Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture) //
- (Morioka, Iwate) //
- (Ashiro (Hachimantai), Iwate) //
- (Sendai, Miyagi) //
- (Akita, Akita Prefecture) //
- (Kawabe, Akita Prefecture) //
- (Amarume (Shōnai), Yamagata) //
- (Kōriyama, Fukushima) //
- (Takada (Date), Fukushima) /ɯ̈o/
- (Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture) //
- (Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture) //
- (Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture) //
- (Menuma (Kumagaya), Saitama Prefecture) //
- (Tako, Chiba Prefecture) //
- (Sodegaura, Chiba Prefecture) //
- (Tokyo) /ɯ⸢o ~ ɯ⸢o⸣/
- (Okutama, Tokyo) /⸢joː/
- (Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture) //
- (Niigata, Niigata Prefecture) //
- (Sado, Niigata Prefecture) //
- (Toyama, Toyama Prefecture) /i⸢wo/
- (Gokayama, Toyama Prefecture) //
- (Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture) //
- (Nanao, Ishikawa Prefecture) //
- (Fukui, Fukui Prefecture) /ɯo/
- (Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture) /ɯ⸢ʷo/
- (Nagano, Nagano Prefecture) /ɯ⸢o/
- (Akiyama, Akiyama Prefecture) //
- (Gifu, Gifu Prefecture) //
- (Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture) /i⸢oː/
- (Nagoya, Aichi) //
- (Ano (Tsu), Mie Prefecture) /⸢uo/
- (Nagahama-Santō (Nagahama-Maibara) Shiga Prefecture) //
- (Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture) /⸢uo/
- (Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) //
- (Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture) //
- (Kakogawa, Hyōgo Prefecture) //
- (Yamatokōriyama, Nara Prefecture) //
- (Totsugawa, Nara Prefecture) /⸢iʷo/
- (Arida, Wakayama Prefecture) //
- (Tottori, Tottori Prefecture) //
- (Izumo, Shimane Prefecture) //
- (Okayama, Okayama Prefecture) //
- (Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture) /i⸢o/
- (Yuki (Jinsekikōgen), Hiroshima Prefecture) //
- (Okayama, Okayama Prefecture) //
- (Tokuji (Yamaguchi), Yamaguchi Prefecture) //
- (Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture) /⸢uo/
- (Kagawa, Kagawa Prefecture) //
- (Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture) //
- (Ōshū, Ehime Prefecture), //
- (Kochi, Kochi Prefecture) //
- (Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture) /i⸢o⸣/
- (Kitagata, Saga Prefecture) /⸣iwo/
- (Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture) /u⸢o⸣/
- (Fukue (Gotō), Nagasaki Prefecture) //
- (Kagami (Yatsushiro), Kumamoto Prefecture) /i⸣wo/
- (Notsu (Usuki), Ōita Prefecture) /i⸢jo/
- (Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture) /iʷo/
- (Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture) /i⸢ʷo⸣/
- (Koshiki, Kagoshima Prefecture) /i⸣jo/
Note: The information are extracted per se, in a broad IPA transcription by the author. There may be inaccuracies in the data. For Hachijō and Ryukyuan data, see their corresponding entries.
/ɯ̈/ is a described as a "central vowel", but the precise transcription is unclear.
Data source (unless missing): Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院)
Other dialectal data
Kagoshima (1987) iu, Gifu (Hida) iuo, Toyama (1959), Fukui, Fukui (Ōban), Minami-Ise, Kishū, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Hiroshima, Tokushima, Tosa, Shimabara (1953), Ōita, Ōsumi, Kagoshima (1987) io, Fukushima, Saitama (1989), Izu Ōshima, Hachijō, Shima, Kagoshima (1987) iyo, Sanuki, Setouchi, Tsushima, Kumamoto (1942), Kagoshima (1987) iwo, Sanuki ugo, Ishikawa, Tottori eo, Fukushima oyo, Fukui (Ōban), Shizuoka, Shima, Minami Ise, Yamato, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Sanuki, Iyo yuo, Shizuoka yuō, Akita, Izu Ōshima, Hachijō yo, Yamgata yoi, Saitama, Tokyo, Fukui, Shizuoka, Tottori, Shimane yō, Iwate yoko.[5]
Noun
[edit]- a fish
Derived terms
[edit]- 魚市場 (uo ichiba, “fish market”)
- 魚河岸 (uogashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 魚心 (uogokoro)
- うお座 (Uo-za)
- 魚印 (uojirushi)
- 魚釣り (uotsuri)
- 魚屋 (uoya)
- 青魚 (aōo)
- 活け魚 (ikeuo, “live fish and shellfish kept in a tank in a restaurant”)
- 海魚 (umiuo)
- 大魚 (ōuo)
- 鰹 (katsuo)
- 雷魚 (kaminariuo)
- 川魚 (kawauo, “river fish; freshwater fish”)
- 氷の魚 (kōri no uo)
- 山椒魚 (sanshōuo)
- 白魚 (shirauo, “icefish”)
- 棘魚 (togeuo, “stickleback fish”)
- 飛び魚 (tobiuo, “flying fish”)
- 針魚 (hariuo), 針魚 (hario)
- 針魚 (hariyo)
- 氷魚 (hiuo)
- 藻魚 (mōo)
Idioms
[edit]Proverbs
[edit]- 魚の釜中に遊ぶが若し (uo no fuchū ni asobu ga gotoshi)
- 魚の目に水見えず (uo no me ni mizu miezu)
- 魚は鯛 (uo wa tai)
- 魚を得て筌を忘る (uo o ete uke o wasuru)
Etymology 3
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
いお Grade: 2 |
irregular |
/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/
Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.
Still used today in some dialects.[7]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
ぎょ Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 魚影 (gyoei)
- 魚塩 (gyoen)
- 魚価 (gyoka)
- 魚介 (gyokai)
- 魚目 (gyomoku)
- 魚綾 (gyoryū)
- 魚綾 (gyoryō), 魚陵 (gyoryō), 魚竜 (gyoryō)
- 魚鱗 (gyorin)
- 魚類 (gyorui)
- 海魚 (kaigyo)
- 活魚 (katsugyo)
- 乾魚 (kangyo)
- 金魚 (kingyo)
- 水魚 (suigyo)
- 成魚 (seigyo)
- 鮮魚 (sengyo)
- 大魚 (taigyo)
- 稚魚 (chigyo)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 白魚 (hakugyo)
- 木魚 (mokugyo)
- 養魚 (yōgyo)
- 熱帯魚 (nettaigyo)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 139
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 “うお[うを] 【魚】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “いお[いを] 【魚】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] | 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) | 어 (Yale: è) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [어]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 飛魚 (tubū)
Etymology 1
[edit]/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/
Shift from iu below.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]魚 (iyu)
- a fish
- 魚取いが行ちゅん。
- Iyu tuiga ichun.
- I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).
Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]魚 (iu)
- a fish
References
[edit]- “いう・いゆ【魚】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]魚 (uwo) (kana うを)
- a fish
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)
Etymology 2
[edit]Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.
Noun
[edit]魚 (na) (kana な)
- a fish, especially when used as food
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, first variant poem 869, first variant:, text here
- 多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
- tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
- Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 魚 (sakana)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
Yonaguni
[edit]
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]魚 (iyu)
Derived terms
[edit]Yoron
[edit]
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Noun
[edit]魚 (yyū)
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Leizhou Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Leizhou Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Leizhou Min proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 魚
- Chinese nouns classified by 條/条
- Chinese nouns classified by 尾
- zh:Telegraphy
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese surnames
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Vertebrates
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ご
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぎょ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぎよ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うを
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さかな
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading い
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いお
- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading いを
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading お
- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading を
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading な
- Japanese terms spelled with 魚 read as さかな
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 魚
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 魚 read as うお
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese dialectal terms
- Kagoshima Japanese
- Japanese terms spelled with 魚 read as ぎょ
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese short forms
- Japanese affixes
- ja:Vertebrates
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan second grade kanji
- Okinawan kyōiku kanji
- Okinawan jōyō kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading いう
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading いゆ
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms with multiple readings
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 1 kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with 魚
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- Okinawan terms with usage examples
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- ryu:Vertebrates
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- ojp:Vertebrates
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom
- Yonaguni kanji
- Yonaguni second grade kanji
- Yonaguni kyōiku kanji
- Yonaguni jōyō kanji
- Yonaguni kanji with kun reading いゆ
- Yonaguni terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni nouns
- Yonaguni terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Yonaguni terms with 1 kanji
- Yonaguni terms spelled with 魚
- Yonaguni single-kanji terms
- yoi:Vertebrates
- Yoron kanji
- Yoron second grade kanji
- Yoron kyōiku kanji
- Yoron jōyō kanji
- Yoron kanji with kun reading っゆー
- Yoron lemmas
- Yoron nouns
- Yoron terms with multiple readings
- Yoron terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Yoron terms with 1 kanji
- Yoron terms spelled with 魚
- Yoron single-kanji terms
- yox:Vertebrates
- CJKV radicals