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鍋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 锅
鍋 U+934B, 鍋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934B
← 鍊
[U+934A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鍌 →
[U+934C]

Translingual

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Han character

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鍋 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金月月口 (CBBR), four-corner 87127, composition ⿰釒咼)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+934B

Chinese

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trad. 鍋
simp. 锅
alternative forms 鈛
𩰭
𢧘

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
碢 *l'oːl
腡 *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl
過 *kloːl, *kloːls
渦 *kloːl, *qloːl
鍋 *kloːl
楇 *kloːl, *ɡloːls
瘑 *kloːl
緺 *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝 *kloːl
濄 *kloːl, *qloːl
鐹 *kloːlʔ, *kloːls
薖 *kʰloːl
簻 *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl
禍 *ɡloːlʔ
窩 *qloːl
萵 *qloːl
檛 *kr'oːl
膼 *kr'oːl
蝸 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
媧 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
騧 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
冎 *kroːlʔ
剮 *kroːlʔ
諣 *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls
歄 *kʷroːl
咼 *kʰʷroːl
喎 *kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Etymology 1

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Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (“cooking pot”), Malay kuali (“cooking pot”) (Schuessler, 2007).

For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋 / 黑锅 (hēiguō).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • e/er/oe - vernacular;
  • ko/o - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鍋
Mandarin Beijing /kuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuo²¹/
Jinan /kuə²¹³/
Qingdao /kuə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
Xi'an /kuo²¹/
Xining /ku⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuə⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuə³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuo⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ko⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ko⁵⁵/
Kunming /ko⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ko³¹/
Hefei /kʊ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /kuei¹³/
Hohhot /kuɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ku⁵³/
Suzhou /kəu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ku³³/
Wenzhou /ku³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /o¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ko³³/
Xiangtan /ko³³/
Gan Nanchang /uo⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ko⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɔ⁵⁵/
Nanning /kɔ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wɔ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ko⁵⁵/
/e⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuo⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ua⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ue³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ko²³/
/ʔdia²¹³/ 訓鼎
Rime
Character 鍋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古禾切
Baxter kwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwa/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑ/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwo1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鍋
Reading # 1/1
No. 4364
Phonetic
component 		冎
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		戈
Old
Chinese 		/*kloːl/
Notes 見方言

Definitions

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鍋

  1. cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: 隻／只; 口)
  2. (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
    我的鍋／我的锅  ―  wǒ de guō  ―  mea culpa; my bad
    甩鍋／甩锅  ―  shuǎi guō  ―  to deflect blame; to deny responsibility
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 鍋 (“wok; cooking pot”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 釜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鍋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 鍋
Taiwan 鍋子, 鍋
Malaysia 鍋
Singapore 鍋
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 鍋
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 鍋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 鍋
Wuhan 鍋 †, 䀇子, 煲
Guilin 鍋
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 鍋子, 鍋
Hefei 鍋
Cantonese Guangzhou 鑊 †, 煲 ‡, 罉
Hong Kong 鑊 †, 煲 ‡, 罉
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 鑊仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 鑊仔
Dongguan 鑊 †, 煲 ‡
Yangjiang 鑊 †, 煲
Baise 煲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 鑊 †, 煲 ‡
Singapore (Guangfu) 鑊 †, 煲 ‡
Gan Nanchang 鍋 †, 鼎罐
Hakka Meixian 鑊頭 †, 鑊 †, 煲, 煲仔, 烳鑼
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 鑊頭 †
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 鑊 †
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 鑊 †
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 鑊頭 †
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 鑊仔 †
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 鑊 †, 鑊頭 †
Boluo (Bendihua) 鑊頭 †
Wuhua (Huacheng) 鑊頭 †
Heyuan (Bendihua) 炒鑊 †
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 鑊仔 †
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 鑊俅 †
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 鑊俅 †
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 鑊 †, 鑊頭 †, 鑊仔蒂 †
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 鑊 †
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 鑊 †
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 鑊頭 †
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 鑊頭 †, 鑊仔 †
Yudu 鑊頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鑊仔, 鑊頭 †
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鑊仔, 鑊頭 †
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鑊仔, 鑊頭 †
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鑊, 鑊頭 †
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鑊仔, 鑊頭 †
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鑊, 鑊頭 †
Hong Kong 鑊頭
Senai (Huiyang) 鑊頭
Jin Taiyuan 鍋, 銚兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 鼎 †, 鍋仔, 鍋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 鼎 †, 鍋鍋, 鍋
Southern Min Xiamen 鼎 †, 鍋仔, 鍋
Quanzhou 鼎 †, 鍋仔
Zhangzhou 鼎 †, 鍋仔
Taipei 鼎 †, 鍋
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鼎 †, 鍋
Kaohsiung 鼎 †, 鍋
Yilan 鼎仔 †, 鍋
Changhua (Lukang) 鼎 †, 鍋
Taichung 鼎 †, 鍋
Taichung (Wuqi) 鼎 †
Tainan 鼎 †, 鼎仔 †, 鍋仔, 鍋
Taitung 鍋仔
Hsinchu 鼎 †, 鍋
Kinmen 鼎 †, 鍋
Penghu (Magong) 鼎 †, 鍋
Penang (Hokkien) 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡, 木磬 ‡
Singapore (Hokkien) 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡
Manila (Hokkien) 鼎 †, 生鍋 ‡
Medan (Hokkien) 鼎 †
Chaozhou 鼎 †, 鍋
Shantou 鼎 †, 鍋
Jieyang 鼎 †, 鍋
Bangkok (Teochew) 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 鍋
Singapore (Teochew) 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡
Pontianak (Teochew) 鍋
Wenchang 鼎 †
Singapore (Hainanese) 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鐺 †, 煲 ‡
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 鼎
Wu Shanghai 鑊子, 鍋子
Suzhou 鑊子 †, 鍋子
Wenzhou 鑊 †, 鉛鍋兒, 鍋兒
Xiang Changsha 鍋子, 鍋
Shuangfeng 鍋子 †, 爐倉
Note † - wok; ‡ - pot

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 鍋 – see 鐹 (“sickle”).
(This character is a variant form of 鐹).

Japanese

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Kanji

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鍋

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: か (ka)
  • Kan-on: か (ka)
  • Kun: なべ (nabe, 鍋, Jōyō)

Etymology

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鍋: traditional nabe (both the pot and the food)
土鍋 (donabe): traditional earthenware nabe
中華鍋 (chūka nabe): "Chinese nabe", a.k.a. wok
タジン鍋 (tajin nabe): a Moroccan tajine
火鍋 (hinabe): a fondue pot
スープ鍋 (sūpu nabe): a soup pot or stockpot
Kanji in this term
鍋
なべ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨nabe2⟩ → */naⁿbe/ → /nabe/

From Old Japanese,[1] first cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] In turn, reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *nanpay.

Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 肴 (na, “small snack, hors d'oeuvre”) +‎ 瓮 (pe, modern he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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鍋(なべ) • (nabe) 

  1. [from 720] a broad-bottomed pot or pan
    This term is less specific than English pot or pan, and can often be used to refer to either of these. The sample images in this entry illustrate some of the various items that can be called a nabe in Japanese.
  2. [from 1885] short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish
    ⇒ 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri)
    ⇒ 鍋物 (nabemono)
  3. [from 1780] by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant
    ⇒ 御鍋 (onabe)
  4. [1807–??] (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex)
  5. [1842–1860s] (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, “rice polisher shop, white rice retailer”) who has run out of stock
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Descendants

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  • → Indonesian: nabe
  • → Korean: 냄비 (naembi, “pan, saucepan; pot”)
  • → Sakizaya: nabi

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 531
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “鍋”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ “鍋”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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鍋 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鍋: Hán Nôm readings: oa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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