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肥

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
肥 U+80A5, 肥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A5
← 肤
[U+80A4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肦 →
[U+80A6]

Translingual

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Han character

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肥 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月日山 (BAU), four-corner 77217, composition ⿰月巴(GJKV) or ⿰⺼巴(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2055, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+80A5

Chinese

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trad. 肥
simp. # 肥

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 肥
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (肥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜰 *pɯlʔ, *bɯl
肥 *bɯl
淝 *bɯl
萉 *bɯls

Shuowen Jiezi: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + 卪 (“person kneeling”). Ji Xusheng (2004) posits that its actually a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯl) : semantic 肉 + abbreviated phonetic 妃 (OC *pʰɯːls, *pʰɯl).

Etymology 1

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STEDT provisionally assigns this to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bu ~ bur.

Pronunciation

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Note: fai6 - rare.
Note:
  • bùi - vernacular;
  • pì - literary.
Note:
  • bui2- vernacular;
  • hi2 - literary.
Note:
  • pûi - vernacular;
  • hûi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肥
Mandarin Beijing /fei³⁵/
Harbin /fei²⁴/
Tianjin /fei⁴⁵/
Jinan /fei⁴²/
Qingdao /fe⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fi⁴²/
Xi'an /fi²⁴/
Xining /fɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /fei⁵³/
Lanzhou /fei⁵³/
Ürümqi /fei⁵¹/
Wuhan /fei²¹³/
Chengdu /fei³¹/
Guiyang /fei²¹/
Kunming /fei³¹/
Nanjing /fəi²⁴/
Hefei /fe⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fei¹¹/
Pingyao /xuei¹³/
Hohhot /fei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vi²³/
/bi²³/
Suzhou /vi¹³/
Hangzhou /bi²¹³/
/vi²¹³/
Wenzhou /vei³¹/
/bei³¹/
Hui Shexian /fe⁴⁴/
Tunxi /fe⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fei¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸəi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fɨi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pʰi¹¹/
Taoyuan /pʰui¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fei²¹/
Nanning /fi²¹/
Hong Kong /fei²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hui³⁵/
/pui³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /puoi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /py³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /pui⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbui³¹/
Rime
Character 肥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符非切
Baxter bj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buj/
Li
Rong 		/biuəi/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		féi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		féi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjɨj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b][ə]r/
English fat (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肥
Reading # 1/1
No. 3118
Phonetic
component 		肥
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		肥
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯl/
Notes 俞敏雲妃省聲

Definitions

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肥

  1. fat; plump; obese (adjective)
    農場裡的小豬長得肥肥的，好可愛。 [MSC, trad.]
    农场里的小猪长得肥肥的，好可爱。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nóngchǎng lǐ de xiǎozhū zhǎng de féiféi de, hǎo kě'ài. [Pinyin]
    The pigs in the farm are quite plump, very cute.
    一時嫌人肥，一時嫌人瘦，都唔知點好。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    一时嫌人肥，一时嫌人瘦，都唔知点好。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 si4 jim4 jan4 fei4, jat1 si4 jim4 jan4 sau3, dou1 m4 zi1 dim2 hou2. [Jyutping]
    Sometimes, I'm criticized for being fat, while other times, I'm criticized for being skinny. I don't know what to do.
  2. fat; fatness (noun)
    減肥／减肥  ―  jiǎnféi  ―  to lose weight
  3. fertile
  4. fertiliser
    化肥  ―  huàféi  ―  chemical fertilizer
    氮肥  ―  dànféi  ―  nitrogenous fertilizer
    施肥  ―  shīféi  ―  to apply fertilizer
  5. (usually derogatory) benefit; advantage; gain
Usage notes
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  • In northern varieties, including Standard Mandarin, 肥 (féi) is usually used for animals, and people are described as 胖 (pàng). This distinction is not seen in southern varieties, such as Cantonese, Hakka, and Min.
Synonyms
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  • (fat):
Dialectal synonyms of 胖 (“fat (a.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 胖
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 胖, 富態
Taiwan 胖
Malaysia 胖, 肥
Singapore 胖, 肥
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 胖, 富態
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 胖, 富態
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 胖, 富態
Wuhan 胖, 富態
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 胖, 富態
Hefei 胖, 富態
Cantonese Guangzhou 肥
Hong Kong 肥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 肥
Macau 肥
Guangzhou (Panyu) 肥
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肥
Guangzhou (Conghua) 肥
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肥
Foshan 肥
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 肥
Foshan (Shunde) 肥
Foshan (Sanshui) 肥
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 肥
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 肥
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 肥
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 肥
Zhuhai (Doumen) 肥
Jiangmen (Baisha) 肥
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肥
Taishan 肥
Kaiping (Chikan) 肥
Enping (Niujiang) 肥
Heshan (Yayao) 肥
Dongguan 肥
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肥
Yangjiang 肥, 生肉
Nanning 肥
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 肥
Singapore (Guangfu) 肥
Gan Nanchang 胖
Hakka Meixian 肥
Xingning 肥
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 肥
Huiyang 肥
Huidong (Daling) 肥
Dongguan (Qingxi) 肥
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肥
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 肥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肥
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 肥
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 肥
Changting 壯, 肥
Wuping 壯
Wuping (Pingyu) 肥
Liancheng 壯
Ninghua 壯
Ruijin 壯
Shicheng 壯
Shangyou (Shexi) 壯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肥, 大箍
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肥, 大箍
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肥, 大箍
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肥, 大箍
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 肥, 大箍
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 大箍
Senai (Huiyang) 肥
Jin Taiyuan 胖, 肉, 富態
Northern Min Jian'ou 肥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 肥
Singapore (Fuqing) 發福, 食好看
Southern Min Xiamen 肥
Quanzhou 肥
Zhangzhou 肥
Taipei 大箍, 肥
New Taipei (Sanxia) 大箍
Kaohsiung 大箍, 肥
Yilan 大箍, 肥
Changhua (Lukang) 大箍, 肥
Taichung 肥, 大箍
Tainan 大箍, 肥
Hsinchu 肥
Kinmen 大箍, 肥
Penghu (Magong) 大箍, 肥
Penang (Hokkien) 肥
Singapore (Hokkien) 肥
Manila (Hokkien) 肥
Chaozhou 肥
Shantou 肥
Jieyang 肥
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 肥
Singapore (Teochew) 肥
Leizhou 肥
Wenchang 肥
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 肥
Wu Suzhou 胖, 壯
Ningbo 壯
Wenzhou 壯
Xiang Changsha 胖
Shuangfeng 胖
  • (benefit):
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “fat”): 瘦 (shòu, “skinny”)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Proto-Tai: *bwiːᴬ (“fat”)
  • → Thai: ปุ๋ย (bpǔi, “fertilizer”)

Etymology 2

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Shortened from 肥佬 (fei4 lou2), from English fail.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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肥

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to fail (a test)
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to fail (someone) in a test

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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肥

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. fat, plump
  2. productive, fertile

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
肥
こえ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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肥(こえ) • (koe) 

  1. manure, fertilizer, dung

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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肥 • (bi) (hangeul 비)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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肥: Hán Nôm readings: phì, phè, phề

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

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Noun

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肥

  1. Sawndip form of feiz (“fire”)
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