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番

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 蹯 and 蕃
番 U+756A, 番
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-756A
← 畩
[U+7569] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畫 →
[U+756B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

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番 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田 (HDW), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱釆田)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 763, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21858
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2543, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+756A

Chinese

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trad. 番
simp. # 番

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 番
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (番) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皤 *paːl, *baːl
嶓 *paːl
番 *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban
播 *paːls
譒 *paːls
鄱 *baːl
潘 *pʰaːn
蟠 *baːn, *ban
磻 *baːn
蕃 *pan, *ban
轓 *pan, *pʰan
鱕 *pan
鐇 *pan, *ban
藩 *pan, *ban
籓 *pan
橎 *panʔ
翻 *pʰan
幡 *pʰan
飜 *pʰan
旛 *pʰan, *ban
繙 *pʰan, *ban
燔 *ban
蹯 *ban
膰 *ban
羳 *ban
鷭 *ban
璠 *ban
襎 *ban
墦 *ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban) : phonetic 釆 () + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).

According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.

Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.

Etymology

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“to do in turns; turn; time”
Iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, “to turn; to return”) by aspiration of the initial (Schuessler, 2007).
“anime series”
Back-formation from 新番 (xīnfān).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: han - only used in 番薯.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: huang1 / huêng1 / hung1 / hang1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang / hueng / hung / hang
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ³³/, /hueŋ³³/, /huŋ³³/, /haŋ³³/
Note:
  • hung1 - Chaozhou, only used in 番葛;
  • hang1 - Jieyang, only used in 番葛.
Rime
Character 番
Reading # 2/5
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 孚袁切
Baxter phjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuan/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 番
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phjon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰar/
English a turn, a time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 番
Reading # 4/5
No. 2889
Phonetic
component 		番
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		飜
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰan/

Definitions

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番

  1. to do in turns; to take turns; to repeat
  2. Classifier for actions, deeds: a show of ...
    一番好意  ―  yī fān hǎoyì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. Classifier for the number of times an action has been performed: turn; time
    三番五次  ―  sānfānwǔcì  ―  again and again
  4. Classifier for different kinds of things: kind; type
    別有一番風味／别有一番风味  ―  bié yǒu yī fān fēngwèi  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. A generic term for the non-Han people in China's west in historical times; (by extension) non-Han people; foreign land; foreign; non-native; barbarian
    番茄  ―  fānqié  ―  tomato [lit. foreign eggplant]
  6. (Malaysian Hokkien) Muslim
    入番 [Hokkien]  ―  ji̍p-hoan [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to become a Muslim
  7. (ACG) anime series (Classifier: 部)
  8. (mahjong) points
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 番 (“points (mahjong)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 番
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 臺
Singapore 臺, 番
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 番
Cantonese Hong Kong 番
Singapore (Guangfu) 番
Gan Nanchang 番
Lichuan 番
Southern Min Taipei 臺 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 臺
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Descendants
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  • → Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)
  • → Vietnamese: phen

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note: puang1 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 番
Reading # 3/5
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 普官切
Baxter phan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰwan/
Li
Rong 		/pʰuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/pʰuɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pun1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 番
Reading # 3/5
No. 2878
Phonetic
component 		番
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		潘
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰaːn/

Definitions

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番

  1. a surname
  2. Only used in 番禺 (Pānyú).

Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 番 番
Reading # 1/5 5/5
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 元 (66) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 附袁切 補過切
Baxter bjon paH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉɐn/ /puɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷiɐn/ /puɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuɐn/ /puɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buan/ /pwaH/
Li
Rong 		/biuɐn/ /puɑH/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwɐn/ /puɑH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯wɐn/ /puɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fán bò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan4 bo3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 番 番
Reading # 5/5 2/5
No. 2895 2873
Phonetic
component 		番 番
Rime
group 		元 歌
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		煩 播
Old
Chinese 		/*ban/ /*paːls/
Notes 釆聲，後作蹯

Definitions

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番

  1. Original form of 蹯 (fán, “animal's foot”).
  2. Alternative form of 藩 (“fence”)
  3. Alternative form of 蕃 (“luxuriant”)

Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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番

  1. (historical) (～縣) Former name of 鄱陽 / 鄱阳 (Póyáng) under the Qin dynasty.
  2. Used in 番番 (pópó, “white; whitehaired”).
  3. a surname

Pronunciation 5

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Rime
Character 番
Reading # 4/5
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博禾切
Baxter pa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/puɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/puɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/puɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pwa/
Li
Rong 		/puɑ/
Wang
Li 		/puɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/puɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bo1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 番
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pa ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁar/
English martial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 番
Reading # 1/5
No. 2871
Phonetic
component 		番
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		波
Old
Chinese 		/*paːl/

Definitions

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番

  1. † Used in 番番 (bōbō, “valiant; courageous”).
  2. † Alternative form of 播 (“to spread; to propagate”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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番

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
番
ばん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Noun

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番(ばん) • (ban) ←ばん (ban)?

  1. one's turn (as in a game, etc.)
    次(つぎ)は君(きみ)の番(ばん)ですよ。
    Tsugi wa kimi no ban desu yo.
    It's your turn next.

Counter

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番(ばん) • (-ban) ←ばん (-ban)?

  1. (sports) matches

Suffix

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番(ばん) • (-ban) ←ばん (-ban)?

  1. (applied to numerals) -th: forms ordinal numerals
    一(いち)番(ばん) ― ichiban ― first
    二(に)番(ばん) ― niban ― second
  2. (music) verses and the following chorus
    2(に)番(ばん)の歌詞(かし)
    ni-ban no kashi
    second set of verses
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
番
つが(い)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 番 – see the following entry.
【つがい】
[noun] (poetic) pair
[verb] stem or continuative form of つがう (tsugau) [godan]
Alternative spelling
番い
(This term, 番, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 番 (MC phjon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

番 (eumhun 차례(次例) 번)

  1. hanja form? of 번 (“turn”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 番 (MC phan).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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番 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“a surname”)
  2. hanja form? of 반 (“a placename”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese 番 (MC pa).

Historical readings

Hanja

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番 (eumhun 날랠 파 (nallael pa))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of 파 (“valiant”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 番 (MC bjon|phjon|phan|pa|paH).

Phonogram

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番 (po2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable po2.

Usage notes

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Only used in the prose of the Kojiki of 712 CE (Miyake (2003) p. 254).

Further reading

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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番: Hán Việt readings: ba, bà, phiên
番: Nôm readings: ba, bà, phan, phiên, phen

References

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  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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