將相

Chinese

		a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready; prepared; to get; to use	each other; appearance; portrait each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually
trad. (將相)		將	相
simp. (将相)		将	相

Etymology

Attested earliest in Mozi:

雖至士之為將相者，皆有法，雖至百工從事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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虽至士之为将相者，皆有法，虽至百工从事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

Suī zhì shì zhī wéi jiàngxiàng zhě, jiē yǒu fǎ, suī zhì bǎigōng cóngshì zhě, yì jiē yǒu fǎ. [Pinyin]

The gentlemen fulfilling their duties as generals and councillors have their standards. Even the artisans performing their tasks also have their standards.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàngxiàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng³ soeng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngxiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngsiàng
    • Wade–Giles: chiang⁴-hsiang⁴
    • Yale: jyàng-syàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqshianq
    • Palladius: цзянсян (czjansjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoeng³ soeng³
    • Yale: jeung seung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng³ soeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng³ sêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³³ sœːŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsjangH sjangH

Rime
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子亮切	息亮切
Baxter	tsjangH	sjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨɐŋH/	/sɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɐŋH/	/siɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siɑŋH/	/siɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨaŋH/	/sɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡siaŋH/	/siaŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭaŋH/	/sĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯aŋH/	/si̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng3	soeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ-s  [s]aŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋs  slaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjangH ›	‹ sjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]aŋ-s/	/*[s]aŋ-s/
English	lead (v.); leader	appearance, quality
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
No.	10294	13586
Phonetic component	爿	相
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	醬	相
Old Chinese	/*ʔsaŋs/	/*slaŋs/

Noun

將相

1. (literary) generals and councillors; military officers and civil officials

   • 將相之後主而隆家，此君人者所外也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     将相之后主而隆家，此君人者所外也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Jiàngxiàng zhī hòu zhǔ ér lóng jiā, cǐ jūnrén zhě suǒ wài yě. [Pinyin]

     Generals and ministers who would leave the sovereign's interests behind and prosper the welfare of their own families instead should be ousted by the ruler of men.

   • 正月，諸侯及將相相與共請尊漢王為皇帝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     正月，诸侯及将相相与共请尊汉王为皇帝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zhēngyuè, zhūhóu jí jiàngxiàng xiāng yǔgòng qǐng zūn Hànwáng wèi huángdì. [Pinyin]

     In the first month, the various vassals together with the generals and councillors jointly entreated that the King of Han be inaugurated as Emperor.