坊

坊 U+574A, 坊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-574A ← 坉 [U+5749] CJK Unified Ideographs 坋 → [U+574B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

坊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土卜竹尸 (GYHS), four-corner 4012₇, composition ⿰土方)

Derived characters

• 𠩝

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4924
• Dae Jaweon: page 459, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 427, character 1
• Unihan data for U+574A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	*paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	*paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	*paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	*paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫	*paːŋs, *paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	*pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	*pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷	*baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽	*baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房	*baːŋ, *baŋ
篣	*baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯	*baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	*baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	*paŋ, *baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	*paŋ, *baŋ
邡	*paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	*paŋ, *baŋ
鴋	*paŋ, *baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	*paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	*pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	*baŋ, *baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paŋ, *baŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fāng, fǎng (fang¹, fang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ, ㄈㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hng / hong / hóng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ / huang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fang
    • Wade–Giles: fang¹
    • Yale: fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
    • Wade–Giles: fang³
    • Yale: fǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong¹
    • Yale: fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng
    • Tâi-lô: hng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hngf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
    • Tâi-lô: hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
    • Tâi-lô: hóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: horng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/

Note:

• hng - vernacular;
• hong, hóng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: huang¹ / huang²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang / huáng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³/, /huaŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjang

Rime
Character	坊
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	府良切
Baxter	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坊
Reading #	1/2
No.	3025
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	方
Old Chinese	/*paŋ/
Notes	見淮南子

Definitions

坊

1. lane; alley
   • 牛巷坊  ―  Niúxiàngfāng  ―  Niuxiangfang (alley in Futian District, Shenzhen)
2. store
3. paifang
4. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fáng, fāng, fǎng (fang², fang¹, fang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ, ㄈㄤ, ㄈㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹ / fong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hng / hong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
    • Wade–Giles: fang²
    • Yale: fáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fang
    • Wade–Giles: fang¹
    • Yale: fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
    • Wade–Giles: fang³
    • Yale: fǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong¹ / fong²
    • Yale: fōng / fóng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ / fong²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ / fong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /fɔːŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng
    • Tâi-lô: hng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hngf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
    • Tâi-lô: hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/

Note:

• hng - vernacular;
• hong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: huang²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵²/

Definitions

坊

1. workshop

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fáng (fang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
    • Wade–Giles: fang²
    • Yale: fáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong⁴
    • Yale: fòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjang

Rime
Character	坊
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符方切
Baxter	bjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buaŋ/
Li Rong	/biuaŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱiwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*baŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fáng
Middle Chinese	‹ bjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]aŋ/
English	dike
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坊
Reading #	2/2
No.	3054
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	房
Old Chinese	/*baŋ/
Notes	同防見禮記

Definitions

坊

1. ^† Alternative form of 防
   1. dam; embankment
   2. to guard against

Compounds

• 伎坊
• 作坊
• 兌坊／兑坊
• 冶坊
• 劇坊／剧坊
• 哺坊
• 坊佐
• 坊刻本
• 坊子 (Fāngzǐ)
• 坊市 (fángshì)
• 坊廂／坊厢
• 坊曲
• 坊本
• 坊牌
• 坊記／坊记
• 坊門／坊门
• 坊間／坊间 (fāngjiān)
• 坊隅
• 安濟坊／安济坊
• 宮坊／宫坊
• 寶坊／宝坊
• 工作坊 (gōngzuòfáng)
• 平康坊
• 建坊
• 教坊 (jiàofāng)
• 教坊司
• 教坊記／教坊记
• 書坊／书坊 (shūfāng)
• 本因坊
• 東馬坊／东马坊 (Dōngmǎfáng)
• 染坊
• 槽坊 (cáofáng)
• 櫃坊賭局／柜坊赌局
• 水作坊
• 池坊流
• 油坊
• 濰坊／潍坊 (Wéifāng)
• 焗坊
• 牌坊 (páifāng)
• 當坊土地／当坊土地
• 碾坊
• 磨坊 (mòfáng)
• 節婦坊／节妇坊
• 粉坊 (fěnfáng)
• 糟坊 (zāofáng)
• 紙坊／纸坊 (zhǐfáng)
• 紙坊沖／纸坊冲 (Zhǐfángchōng)
• 紺坊／绀坊
• 老街坊
• 茗坊
• 茶坊 (cháfáng)
• 蕃坊
• 街坊
• 街坊鄰居／街坊邻居
• 街坊鄰舍／街坊邻舍
• 街里街坊
• 貞節牌坊／贞节牌坊
• 酒坊
• 醬坊／酱坊 (jiàngfáng)
• 門坊／门坊
• 開坊／开坊
• 雞坊／鸡坊
• 麵坊／面坊

 

References

• “坊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

坊

(Jōyō kanji)

1. a monk's residence
2. monk
3. boy, "sonny"
4. precinct of a city

Readings

• Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ぼっ (bo', Jōyō ^†)

Korean

Hanja

坊 (eum 방 (bang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

坊: Hán Việt readings: phường
坊: Nôm readings: phương, phường

1. chữ Hán form of phường (“ward”).

References

• Nom Foundation