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{{der3|zh|不奈何|不知何故|今夕何夕|任何|何不|何之|何事|何人|何人斯|何仙姑|何以|何以克當|何以見得|何休|何似|何但|何傷|何其|何則|何功之有|何去何從|何哉|何啻|何嘗|何在|何堪|何如|何如帖|何妨|何居|何常|何干|何年何月|何彼襛矣|何得|何從|何德何能|何必|何意|何所不為|何承天|何故|何敢|何方|何時|何晏|何景明|何曾|何有|何期|何極|何樂不為|何止|何氏語林|何況|何消|何消說|何滿子|何為|何焯|何物|何用|何由|何當|何種|何等|何紹基|何罪之有|何者|何聊賴|何與|何若|何苦|何苦來|何草不黃|何處|何見之晚|何許|何許人|何謂|何賈|何足|何足掛齒|何足為奇|何足算|何足道哉|何進|何遜|何關|何須|何預|何首烏|何鼓|傅粉何郎|噬臍何及|因何|奈何|奈何橋|如之奈何|如何|如何是好|干卿何事|幾何|幾何圖形|幾何圖案|幾何學|幾何級數|弋人何篡|弋者何慕|弋者何篡|後悔何及|從何說起|悔之何及|情何以堪|成何體統|方何礙|於何|於心何忍|日飲亡何|春秋幾何|更待何時|曾幾何時|有何不可|末奈何|末如之何|末耐何|柰何|沒及奈何|沒奈何|沒極奈何|沒計奈何|為何|無何|無可奈何|無可如何|無奈我何|無如之何|無如奈何|無計奈何|無論如何|百身何贖|相煎何急|立體幾何|緣何|而何|若何|莫可奈何|莫敢誰何|蕭何|解析幾何|該當何罪|誰何|談何容易|譴何|追悔何及|何店|何電|何陽店|如之何|何所}} |
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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Revision as of 08:01, 5 April 2023
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Translingual
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Han character
何 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F55
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
何 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ⿰彳可 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 何 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
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 j18879  j18880  j18881  j18882  j18883  j18884  j18885  j18886  j18887  j18888  j18889  j18890  j18891  j18892  j18893  j18894  j18895  j18896  j18897  j18898  j18899  j18901  j18902  j18903  j18904  j18905  j18906  j18907  j18908  j18909  j18910  j18911  j18913  j18914  j18915  j18916  j18917  j18918  j18919  j18920  j18921  j18922  j18923  j18924  j18925  j18926  j18927  j18928  j18929  j18930  j18931  s05736 Transcribed ancient scripts  L32362  L08383  L08384  L08385  L08386  L08387  L08377  L08378  L08379  L08380  L08381  L08382 | ||||||
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
| ||||||
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
In the oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) : a man carrying something on their shoulder – the original form of 荷 (OC *ɡaːlʔ, “to carry”).
The object being carried may have been 戈, in which case the character is also an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl, “dagger-axe”).
In the bronze inscriptions, some forms of the character were phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), from which the modern form derives.
Etymology
Cognate with the following interrogative pronouns:
- 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “what; why”)
- 奚 (OC *ɡeː, “what; why; where”)
- 曷 (OC *ɡaːd, “why”)
- 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “why not”): from the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”)
In Sino-Tibetan, cognate with Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT, on the other hand, compares 何 (OC *ɡaːlʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka (“which; like; diectic; interrogative”), to which 幾 (OC *kɯlʔ, “how many”) and 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ, “how”) are also compared.
Pronunciation 1
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 245: Invalid syllable: 3hhu,3hha. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.
Definitions
- (literary, interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
- (literary) where; what place
- (literary, interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
- (literary) (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
- a surname
- 何應欽／何应钦 ― Hé Yìngqīn ― He Yingqin (Kuomintang general)
Quotations
- See Citations:何
Synonyms
Compounds
- 不奈何
- 不知何故
- 今夕何夕
- 任何 (rènhé)
- 何不 (hébù)
- 何之
- 何事 (héshì)
- 何人 (hérén)
- 何人斯
- 何以 (héyǐ)
- 何以克當 / 何以克当
- 何仙姑
- 何以見得 / 何以见得 (héyǐjiàndé)
- 何休
- 何似
- 何但
- 何傷 / 何伤
- 何其 (héqí)
- 何則 / 何则
- 何功之有
- 何去何從 / 何去何从 (héqùhécóng)
- 何哉
- 何啻
- 何嘗 / 何尝 (hécháng)
- 何在 (hézài)
- 何堪
- 何如 (hérú)
- 何如帖
- 何妨
- 何居
- 何常
- 何干 (hégān)
- 何年何月
- 何店 (Hédiàn)
- 何彼襛矣 / 何彼𰳺矣
- 何從 / 何从
- 何得 (hédé)
- 何德何能 (hédéhénéng)
- 何必 (hébì)
- 何意 (héyì)
- 何所
- 何所不為 / 何所不为
- 何承天
- 何故 (hégù)
- 何敢 (hégǎn)
- 何方 (héfāng)
- 何時 / 何时 (héshí)
- 何晏
- 何景明
- 何曾
- 何有
- 何期
- 何極 / 何极
- 何樂不為 / 何乐不为 (hélèbùwéi)
- 何止 (hézhǐ)
- 何氏語林 / 何氏语林
- 何況 / 何况 (hékuàng)
- 何消
- 何消說 / 何消说
- 何滿子 / 何满子
- 何為 / 何为
- 何焯
- 何物
- 何用
- 何由 (héyóu)
- 何當 / 何当
- 何種 / 何种
- 何等 (héděng)
- 何紹基 / 何绍基
- 何罪之有 (hézuìzhīyǒu)
- 何者 (hézhě)
- 何聊賴 / 何聊赖
- 何與 / 何与
- 何若
- 何苦 (hékǔ)
- 何苦來 / 何苦来 (hékǔlái)
- 何草不黃 / 何草不黄
- 何處 / 何处 (héchù)
- 何見之晚 / 何见之晚
- 何許 / 何许 (héxǔ)
- 何許人 / 何许人 (héxǔrén)
- 何謂 / 何谓 (héwèi)
- 何賈 / 何贾
- 何足 (hézú)
- 何足掛齒 / 何足挂齿 (hézú guàchǐ)
- 何足為奇 / 何足为奇
- 何足算
- 何足道哉
- 何進 / 何进
- 何遜 / 何逊
- 何關 / 何关
- 何陽店 / 何阳店 (Héyángdiàn)
- 何電 / 何电 (Hédiàn)
- 何須 / 何须 (héxū)
- 何預 / 何预
- 何首烏 / 何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
- 何鼓
- 傅粉何郎
- 噬臍何及 / 噬脐何及
- 因何 (yīnhé)
- 奈何 (nàihé)
- 奈何橋 / 奈何桥 (nàihéqiáo)
- 如之何 (rúzhīhé)
- 如之奈何 (rú zhī nàihé)
- 如何 (rúhé)
- 如何是好
- 干卿何事 (gānqīnghéshì)
- 幾何 / 几何 (jǐhé)
- 幾何圖形 / 几何图形 (jǐhé túxíng)
- 幾何圖案 / 几何图案
- 幾何學 / 几何学 (jǐhéxué)
- 幾何級數 / 几何级数 (jǐhé jíshù)
- 弋人何篡
- 弋者何慕
- 弋者何篡
- 後悔何及 / 后悔何及
- 從何說起 / 从何说起
- 悔之何及
- 情何以堪 (qínghéyǐkān)
- 成何體統 / 成何体统 (chénghétǐtǒng)
- 方何礙 / 方何碍
- 於何 / 于何
- 於心何忍 / 于心何忍 (yúxīnhérěn)
- 日飲亡何 / 日饮亡何
- 春秋幾何 / 春秋几何
- 更待何時 / 更待何时 (gèng dài héshí)
- 曾幾何時 / 曾几何时 (céngjǐhéshí)
- 有何不可 (yǒuhébùkě)
- 末奈何
- 末如之何
- 末耐何
- 柰何 (nàihé)
- 沒及奈何 / 没及奈何
- 沒奈何 / 没奈何 (mònàihé)
- 沒極奈何 / 没极奈何
- 沒計奈何 / 没计奈何
- 為何 / 为何
- 無何 / 无何 (wúhé)
- 無可奈何 / 无可奈何 (wúkěnàihé)
- 無可如何 / 无可如何
- 無奈我何 / 无奈我何
- 無如之何 / 无如之何
- 無如奈何 / 无如奈何
- 無計奈何 / 无计奈何
- 無論如何 / 无论如何 (wúlùnrúhé)
- 百身何贖 / 百身何赎
- 相煎何急
- 立體幾何 / 立体几何 (lìtǐ jǐhé)
- 緣何 / 缘何 (yuánhé)
- 而何 (érhé)
- 若何 (ruòhé)
- 莫可奈何
- 莫敢誰何 / 莫敢谁何 (mògǎn-shuíhé)
- 蕭何 / 萧何
- 解析幾何 / 解析几何 (jiěxī jǐhé)
- 該當何罪 / 该当何罪
- 誰何 / 谁何
- 談何容易 / 谈何容易 (tánhéróngyì)
- 譴何 / 谴何
- 追悔何及
Descendants
- → Tagalog: Ho (via Hokkien)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hè
- Wade–Giles: ho4
- Yale: hè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
- Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ho6
- Yale: hoh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho6
- Guangdong Romanization: ho6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: haX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːlʔ/
Definitions
- † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: he
- Wade–Giles: ho1
- Yale: hē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
- Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ho1
- Yale: hō
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho1
- Guangdong Romanization: ho1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).
References
- “何”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00111
- “Entry #2874”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
Kanji
何
Readings
- Go-on: が (ga)←が (ga, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←か (ka, historical)
- Kun: なに (nani, 何, Jōyō)←なに (nani, 何, historical)、なん (nan, 何, Jōyō †)←なん (nan, 何, historical)、いず (izu, 何)←いづ (idu, 何, historical)、いずれ (izure, 何れ)←いづれ (idure, 何れ, historical)、いずく (izuku, 何く)←いづく (iduku, 何く, historical)
- Nanori: あが (aga)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 何 |
| なに Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *n-anu-.
Pronunciation
Compounds
- 如何 (dō), 如何 (ikan), 如何 (ikaga)
- 奈何 (ikan)
- 幾何 (kika), 幾何 (ikubaku)
- 誰何 (suika)
- 何人 (nannin), 何人 (nanbito)
- 何程 (nanihodo)
- 何箇 (nanko)
- 何回 (nankai)
- 何故 (naze), 何故 (naniyue)
- 何処 (doko), 何処 (izuko)
- 何奴 (doitsu), 何奴 (naniyatsu)
- 何物 (nanimono)
- 何分 (nanibun)
- 何遍 (nanben)
- 何某 (nanibō)
- 何様 (nanisama)
Interjection
- What?, Huh?
Pronoun
何 • (nani) (alternative reading hiragana なん, rōmaji nan)
- what
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 92:
- 汝何所爲 奈尓世牟止曽
- that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)
Usage notes
- 何 is usually read as なに, but before だ, で, の, it is read as なん. When followed by で, both readings are possible, albeit with different meanings.
Derived terms
Derived terms from interjection なに/なん
- 何か (nanika)
- 何かしら (nanikashira)
- 何が何でも (naniganandemo)
- 何気ない (nanigenai)
- 何気に (nanigeni)
- 何事 (nanigoto)
- 何卒 (nanitozo)
- 何様 (nanisama)
- 何しろ (nanishiro)
- 何人 (nanijin)
- 何々 (naninani)
- 何一つ (nanihitotsu)
- 何も (nanimo)
- 何もかも (nanimokamo)
- 何者 (nanimono)
- 何せ (nanse)
- 何だか (nandaka)
- 何たる (nantaru)
- 何で (nande)
- 何でも (nandemo)
- 何でもかんでも (nandemokandemo)
- 何とか (nantoka)
- 何とかかんとか (nantokakantoka)
- 何とかして (nantokashite)
- 何なり (nannari)
- 何人 (nanpito)
- 何等 (nanra)
- 何らか (nanraka)(deprecated template usage)
Related terms
- 何れ (dore) which one?
- 何の (dono) (of) what?
- 何処 (doko) where?
- 何方 (dochira) which way?
- 如何 (dō) in what manner?
Descendants
See also
Japanese demonstratives
| ko- “this” (close to speaker) |
so- “that” (close to listener) |
a- “that over there” (far from both) |
do- “which” (indeterminate, question) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — | |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — | |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) | |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) | |
| Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) | |
| Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu)† | そいつ (soitsu)† | あいつ (aitsu)† | どいつ (doitsu)† |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
| これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) | |
| これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) | |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) † potentially rude or derogatory | ||||
| a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Prefix
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 何 (MC ha).
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Kunigami
Kanji
何
Readings
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Miyako
Kanji
何
Readings
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Okinawan
Kanji
何
Readings
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Vietnamese
Han character
何: Hán Nôm readings: hà, gã, há
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
Yaeyama
Kanji
何
Readings
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Yonaguni
Kanji
何
Readings
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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- Mandarin terms with usage examples
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- Chinese terms spelled with 何
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- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading が
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading が
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なに
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なに
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なん
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いず
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いず・れ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ・れ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いず・く
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ・く
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あが
- Japanese terms spelled with 何 read as なに
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Miyako lemmas
- Miyako Han characters
- Miyako terms with IPA pronunciation
- Miyako pronouns
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan second grade kanji
- Okinawan kyōiku kanji
- Okinawan jōyō kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ぬー
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Yaeyama lemmas
- Yaeyama Han characters
- Yaeyama kanji with kun reading のー
- Yaeyama terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yaeyama pronouns
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni Han characters
- Yonaguni terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yonaguni pronouns