Satthanar or Chithalai Satthanar (Tamil: சாத்தனார் or சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார், cītalai cāttanār) was the Tamil poet who composed the epic Manimekalai. A total of 11 verses of the Sangam literature have been attributed to Satthanar, including verse 10 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai.[1]
Etymology
editPronounced Sa-tha-naar, the name is derived from (Tamil: சாத்து, sāttu) meaning Buddhist monk.[2] Applying this principle to the name Maturai Kulavāṇikan Cāttan, the author of Manimekalai, we see that the two appellations Maturai and Kulavanikan were prefixed to his name in order to distinguish him from another poet of Maturai with the same name and from a third who lived elsewhere. Several examples could be cited of this system of nomenclature which prevailed during the early days.[3]
Biography
editSatthanar hailed from a place known as Seerthandalai, later came to be known as Seethalai.[1] He was a grain merchant at Madurai and hence came to be called "Koolavanigan". He was a contemporary of Cheran Senguttuvan and was believed to have practiced Buddhism.[citation needed] He has sung in praise of the Pandyan king Chittira Maadatthu Thunjiya Nanmaran in the Sangam work of Purananuru.[4]
Vaiyapuri Pillai sees him along with Ilango Adigal as developing two divergent strands of the Chilampu legend that forms the basis for both Cilapatikaram and Manimekalai.[5] He is seen as an expert in both orthodox and heterodox systems of Indian philosophy and as an advocate of Buddhist philosophy.[6] It is seen that Maṇimekhalai was written after the Tirukkural was composed, because there are two verses from the Tirukkural quoted in Manimekalai.[7][8]
Contribution to the Sangam literature
editSatthanar composed the Manimekalai and has authored 11 Sangam verses, including 3 in Natrinai, 5 in Agananuru, and 1 each in Kurunthogai, Purananuru, and Tiruvalluva Maalai.[4]
See also
edit
Citations
edit- ^ a b Vedanayagam 2017, pp. 21–23.
- ^ Kantacāmi 1978.
- ^ University of Ceylon Review 1948, p. 97.
- ^ a b Kowmareeshwari 2012, p. 240.
- ^ Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies 1991.
- ^ Tamil Studies 1984.
- ^ Dhammaratana 1964.
- ^ Aiyangar 1928.
References
edit- Mukherjee, Sujit (1998). A Dictionary of Indian Literature. Orient Longman. p. 354. ISBN 81-250-1453-5.
- Vedanayagam, Rama (2017). Tiruvalluva Maalai: Moolamum Eliya Urai Vilakkamum (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram. pp. 21–23.
- Cō. Na Kantacāmi (1978). Buddhism as Expounded in Manimekalai. Annamalai University. p. 393.
- University of Ceylon Review (Volumes 6-8 ed.). 1948. p. 97.
- Kowmareeshwari, S., ed. (August 2012). Agananuru, Purananuru. Sanga Ilakkiyam (in Tamil). Vol. 3 (1 ed.). Chennai: Saradha Pathippagam. p. 240.
- Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies (Volume 9 ed.). Institute of Asian Studies. 1991. p. 35.
- Tamil Studies (Volume 4 ed.). International Institute of Tamil Historical Studies. 1984.
- Dhammaratana, Hisselle (1964). Buddhism in South India. Buddhist Publication Society Online Library. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- Aiyangar, Rao Bahadur Krishnaswāmi (1928). Maṇimekhalai in its Historical Setting. London.
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