List of wars involving Somalia

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This is a list of wars involving Somalia in which Somali armed forces participated in after Somalia's independence on the 1st of July 1960.

Somalia defeat

Somalia victory

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, result unknown or indecisive)

Ongoing conflict


Date	Conflict	Allies	Enemies	Result
1285-1286	Ifat invasion of Shewa Sultanate^[1]	Sultanate of Ifat	Sultanate of shewa	Ifat victory Gidaya, Dawaro, Sawans, Bali, and Fatagar incorporated into the Ifat Sultanate.
1314 - 1344	Conquests of Amda Tsiyon I	Sultanate of Ifat Adal Zelia Harla and many more...	Ethiopian Empire	Defeat Somali kingdom of Ifat made tributary of Ethiopia for the next 200+ years Christianization
1410	Dawit I's conquest of Adal	Sultanate of Ifat Adal	Ethiopian Empire	Defeat End of the Ifat Sultanate Conquest by Ethiopia and sacking of Zelia and christianization of Adal and enslavement^[2]
1529-1543	Ethiopian–Adal war^[3]	Adal Sultanate	Ethiopian Empire	Stalemate Return to status quo ante bellum
1507-1542	Somali-Portuguese wars Location: East Africa (modern Somalia)	Ajuran Sultanate Ottoman Empire^[4]^{[full citation needed]}^[5]	Kingdom of Portugal	Defeat Portuguese retake Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa from Somali/Ottoman forces.^[6]^[7]
1586–1589	Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts^[8]	Ottoman Empire Supported by: Adal Sultanate Ajuran Sultanate Mogadishu Barawa	Portuguese Empire	Defeat
1554/1557–1589	Ottoman conquest of Habesh	Ottoman Empire Medri Bahri Adal Sultanate	Ethiopian Empire	Defeat is Establishment of Habesh Eyalet^[9]
1900–1920	Somaliland Campaign	Dervish State Supported by: Ottoman Empire Ethiopian Empire (1915-1917)	British Empire Ethiopian Empire (1900-1904) Italian Empire	Defeat Collapse of Dervish movement Consolidation of British Somaliland Consolidation of Italian Somaliland
1964	1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War	Somalia Supported by: Egypt^[10]	Ethiopia Supported by: United States^[11]	Cease-fire Return to status quo ante bellum
1977–1978	Ogaden War	Somalia WSLF Supported by: Egypt^[12] Saudi Arabia^[13]^[14] Iraq^[14]^[15]	Ethiopia Cuba Soviet Union South Yemen^[16] Supported by: Israel^[17]^[18] East Germany North Korea^[19]	Defeat^[20]^[21] Somalia breaks all ties with the Soviet Bloc (except China and Romania).^[22] Beginning of the Somali Rebellion
1982	1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War	Somalia Supported by: United States	Ethiopia	Stalemate Ethiopian invasion halted^[23]^[24] Ethiopia occupies the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale until 1988^[25] The United States delivers emergency military and economic aid to Somalia^[23]^[26]
1981/1988/1991 (disputed) – present	Somali Civil War	Somalia United States ^[27]^[28] Supported by: Italy^[29] Turkey^[30] United Kingdom^[31]	Al-Qaeda Al-Shabaab Islamic State (from 2015)^[32]^[33] Wilayat al Somal	Ongoing De facto independence of Somaliland New Government formed in 2012

References

^ Lewis, I. M. (2000). "Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands: essays in regional history, from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century.Lawrenceville NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997, 489 pp., £12.99, ISBN 0 932415 19 9". Africa. 70 (1): 167–168. doi:10.3366/afr.2000.70.1.167. ISSN 0001-9720.
^ Henze, Paul (2000). Layers of Time: History of Ethiopia. USA: Hurst & Company. p. 68. ISBN 1850653933.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Gilkes, Patrick (2002-06-01). "Guerres dans la Corne de l'Afrique et le démantèlement de l'État somalien". Cadernos de Estudos Africanos (2): 89–102. doi:10.4000/cea.1280. hdl:10071/3126. ISSN 1645-3794.
^ The Portuguese period in East Africa – p. 112^{[full citation needed]}
^ Welch, Sidney R. (1950). Portuguese rule and Spanish crown in South Africa, 1581–1640. Juta. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8426-1588-4.
^ Stanley, Bruce (2007). "Mogadishu". In Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
^ Knappert, Jan (1979). Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology. Heinemann. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-435-91702-9.
^ Sewell, Bernadette; Farr, Angela; Akbari, Ashley; Carson-Stevens, Andrew; Dale, Jeremy; Edwards, Adrian; Evans, Bridie Angela; John, Ann; Torabi, Fatemeh; Jolles, Stephen; Kingston, Mark; Lyons, Jane; Lyons, Ronan A.; Porter, Alison; Watkins, Alan (2023-11-26). "The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales". BMC Public Health. 23 (1): 2342. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 10680245. PMID 38008730.
^ Orhonlu, C. (1965). Osmanlıların Habeşistan Siyaseti 1554-1560. Tarih Dergisi, 15(20), 39-54.
^ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
^ Lefebvre, Jeffrey (1998). "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet Arms Deal: Containment and the Balance of Power Dilemma in the Horn of Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 36 (4): 611–643. doi:10.1017/S0022278X98002870. JSTOR 161927. S2CID 154644957.
^ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
^ Tareke 2000, p. 656.
^ ^a ^b Fitzgerald, Nina J. (2002). Somalia; Issues, History, and Bibliography. Nova Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 9781590332658.
^ Malovany, Pesach (21 July 2017). Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813169453.
^ "Ogaden Area recaptured by Ethiopian Forces with Soviet and Cuban Support -International Ramifications of Ethiopian-Somali Conflict – Incipient Soviet and Cuban Involvement in Ethiopian Warfare against Eritrean Secessionists -Political Assassinations inside Ethiopia". Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives). 1 May 1978.
^ Lefebvre, Jeffrey Alan. Arms for the horn : U.S. Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia. University of Pitsburg Press. p. 188.
^ "Arms and Rumors From East, West Sweep Ethiopia". Washington Postt. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ "North Korea's Military Partners in the Horn". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
^ Lapidoth, Ruth (1982). The Read Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9024725011.
^ Szajkowski, Bogdan (18 June 1981). Marxist Governments_ A World Survey_ Mozambique-Yugoslavia. Springer. p. 656. ISBN 9781349043323.
^ Gorman 1981, p. 208
^ ^a ^b Cowell, Alan (8 October 1982). "Ethiopian Drive Against Somalia Bogs Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^ "Ethiopian and Somali Forces Withdrawn Under Agreement". The New York Times. 26 April 1988.
^ "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts". Retrieved 21 July 2017.
^ "Somalia: Status of the Armed Forces" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. March 1982. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
^ "Al-Shabaab leader's fate unclear after suspected U.S. drone strike". CNN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
^ "U.S. drone strike in Somalia targets al-Shabab leader". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
^ "US special forces base, Italian army convoy attacked in Somalia". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2019.
^ Liddon, Paul (13 July 2019). "The significance of Turkey's overseas military bases". AhvalNews. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
^ "First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission". The Guardian. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
^ "ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya". DefenseNews. December 29, 2015.
^ "Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting". Garowe Online. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.

Sources

Gorman, Robert F. (1981). Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-030-59471-7.
Tareke, Gebru (2000). "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited" (PDF). International Journal of African Historical Studies. 33 (3): 635–667. doi:10.2307/3097438. JSTOR 3097438.

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