Is Copyright Law the New Turing Test?
Pages 10 - 11
Abstract
In December 2023, the New York Times Company filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft for the "defendants' unlawful use of The Time's work to create artificial intelligence products..." [8]. While this lawsuit alone should interest the Computers and Society community, it struck me that its eventual judgment might serve as an interesting exhibit as to whether computers are creative in their intelligent thinking?1 This Parting Opinion focuses on this question. As usual, I'll present some background context to set the stage, before diving into the primary question at hand. As a bit of nostalgia, let's begin with the early days of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and quickly move to the present.
References
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Anderson, J. (1993). Rules of the mind. Psychology Press.
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Boden, M. (1998). Creativity and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 103, 347-356.
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Britannica (2023). John McCarthy. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-McCarthy, .
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Copyrightlaws (2023). Moral rights in U.S. copyright law. Copyrightlaws.com. https://www.copyrightlaws.com/moral-rights-in-u-s-copyright-law/.
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Davis, A., Veličković, P., Buesing, L., Blackwell, S., Zheng, D., Tomašev, N., Tanburn, R., Battaglia, P., Blundell, C, Juhász, A., Lackenby, M., Williamson, G., Hassabis, D, and Kohli, P. (2021). Advancing mathematics by guiding human intuition with AI. Nature 600, 70-74.
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Dreyfus, H. (1972). What computers still can't do. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
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Goodrich, J. (2021). How Deep Blue Beat World Champion Chess Player Gary Kasparov. IEEE Spectrum. https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-ibms-deep-blue-beat-world-champion-chess-player-garry-kasparov
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Grynbaum, M. and Mac, R. (2023). The Times Sues OpenAI and Microsoft Over A.I. Use of Copyrighted Work. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/27/business/media/new-york-times-open-ai-microsoft-lawsuit.html.
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Kwall, R. R. (2020). Human rights laws and authorship norms. William Mitchell Law Review 46 (3), 478-496. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1209&context=mhlr United States District Court Southern District of New York Case 1:23-cv-11195 Document 1 12/27/23
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Mankowitz, D. J., Michi, A., Zhernov, A., Gelmi, M., Gelmi, M., Selvi, M., Padurarul, C., Leurent, E., Iqbal, S., Lespiau, J. B., Ahern, A., Köppe, T., Millikin, K., Gaffney, S., Elster, S., Broshear, J., Gamble, C., Milan, K., Tung R., ... Silver, D. (2023). Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning. Nature 618, 257-263.
[11]
New York Times Company v. MICROSOFT CORPORATION, OPENAI, INC., OPENAI LP, OPENAI GP, LLC, OPENAI, LLC, OPENAI OPCO LLC, OPENAI GLOBAL LLC, OAI CORPORATION, LLC, and OPENAI HOLDINGS, LLC.
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Oxford. (2021). Machine learning helps mathematicians make new connections. University of Oxford. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2021-12-01-machine-learning-helps-mathematicians-make-new-connections-0
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Pearson, J. (2023). Sleeve Removed from Spotify, YouTube. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgwx44/heart-on-my-sleeve-ai-ghostwriter-drake-spotify.
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RIAA (2023). Gold & Platinum. The Recording Industry Association of America. https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/.
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Russell S., and Norvig, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Prentice Hall, Hoboken, N.J. U.S.
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Seaton, G. (1947). Miracle on 34th Street [Film]. 20th Century Fox.
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Simon, H. and Newell, A. (1958). Heuristic Problem Solving: The Next Advance in Operations Research. Operations Research 6 (1), 1-10.
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Slack, D., Krishna, S., Lakkaraju, H., and Singh, S. (2023). Explaining machine learning models with interactive natural language conversations using TalkToModel. Nature Machine Intelligence 5, 873-883.
[19]
Turing, A. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind 49, 433-460
[20]
U.S. Const. art. I, § 8.
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U.S. Copyright Office. (2023). Copyright in Derivative Works and Compilations. United States Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ14.pdf
[22]
U.S. Matter and Scope of Copyright, 17 C.F.R. § 101, 103.
[23]
WIPO. (1979). Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/283693
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VertexAI with Gemini. Large Language Models powered by world-class Google AI. Google. https://cloud.google.com/ai/llms
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December 2023
5 pages
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Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 01 April 2024
Published in SIGCAS Volume 52, Issue 3
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