skip to main content
research-article

Inertial/magnetic sensors based pedestrian dead reckoning by means of multi-sensor fusion

Published: 01 January 2018 Publication History

Highlights

EKF approach is applied to reduce uncertainty and produce better estimations for PDR.
A clustering algorithm is proposed to accurately distinguish stance phases.
Sensor installation errors and path integral errors are properly corrected.
The multi-sensor fusion method has been proved effective by optical apparatus.

Abstract

The challenges of self-contained sensor based pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) are mainly sensor installation errors and path integral errors caused by sensor variance, and both may dramatically decrease the accuracy of PDR. To address these challenges, this paper presents a multi-sensor fusion based method in which subjects perform specified walking trials at self-administered speeds in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. After an initial calibration with the reduced installation error, quaternion notation is used to represent three-dimensional orientation and an extend Kalman filter (EKF) is deployed to fuse different types of data. A clustering algorithm is proposed to accurately distinguish stance phases, during which integral error can be minimized using Zero Velocity Updates (ZVU) method. The performance of proposed PDR method is evaluated and validated by an optical motion tracking system on healthy subjects. The position estimation accuracy, stride length and foot angle estimation error are studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed self-contained inertial/magnetic sensor based method is capable of providing consistent beacon-free PDR in different scenarios, achieving less than 1% distance error and end-to-end position error.

References

[1]
E. Pulido Herrera, H. Kaufmann, J. Secue, R. Quirós, G. Fabregat, Improving data fusion in personal positioning systems for outdoor environments, Inf. Fusion 14 (1) (2013) 45–56.
[2]
A. Noureldin, A. El-Shafie, M. Bayoumi, GPS/INS integration utilizing dynamic neural networks for vehicular navigation, Inf. Fusion 12 (1) (2011) 48–57.
[3]
H. Liu, H. Darabi, P. Banerjee, J. Liu, Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev. 37 (6) (2007) 1067–1080.
[4]
Y. Li, Y. Zhuang, P. Zhang, H. Lan, X. Niu, N. El-Sheimy, An improved inertial/wifi/magnetic fusion structure for indoor navigation, Inf. Fusion 34 (2017) 101–119.
[5]
J. Xiao, S.L. Joseph, X. Zhang, B. Li, X. Li, J. Zhang, An assistive navigation framework for the visually impaired, IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 45 (5) (2014) 1–6.
[6]
A. Millonig, K. Schechtner, Developing landmark-based pedestrian-navigation systems, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 8 (1) (2007) 43–49.
[7]
C. Huang, L. Lee, C. Ho, L. Wu, Z. Lai, Real-time RFID indoor positioning system based on Kalman-filter drift removal and Heron-bilateration location estimation, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 64 (3) (2015) 728–739.
[8]
G. Fortino, R. Giannantonio, R. Gravina, P. Kuryloski, R. Jafari, Enabling effective programming and flexible management of efficient body sensor network applications, IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 43 (1) (2013) 115–133.
[9]
G. Fortino, S. Galzarano, R. Gravina, W. Li, A framework for collaborative computing and multi-sensor data fusion in body sensor networks, Inf. Fusion 22 (2015) 50–70.
[10]
R. Gravina, P. Alinia, H. Ghasemzadeh, G. Fortino, Multi-sensor fusion in body sensor networks: state-of-the-art and research challenges, Inf. Fusion 35 (2016) 68–80.
[11]
N. Raveendranathan, S. Galzarano, V. Loseu, R. Gravina, R. Giannantonio, M. Sgroi, R. Jafari, G. Fortino, From modeling to implementation of virtual sensors in body sensor networks, IEEE Sensors J. 12 (3) (2012) 583–593.
[12]
K.C. Lan, W.Y. Shih, Using smart-phones and floor plans for indoor location tracking, IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 44 (2) (2014) 211–221.
[13]
B. Zhou, Q. Li, Q. Mao, W. Tu, Activity sequence-based indoor pedestrian localization using smartphones, IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 45 (5) (2015) 1–13.
[14]
S. Godha, G. Lachapelle, Foot mounted inertial system for pedestrian navigation, Meas. Sci. Technol. 19 (7) (2008) 1–9.
[15]
O. Bebek, M.a. Suster, S. Rajgopal, M.J. Fu, X. Huang, M.C. Cavusoglu, D.J. Young, M. Mehregany, A.J. Van Den Bogert, C.H. Mastrangelo, Personal navigation via shoe mounted inertial measurement units, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59 (11) (2010) 3018–3027.
[16]
S.K. Park, Y.S. Suh, A zero velocity detection algorithm using inertial sensors for pedestrian navigation systems, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 10 (10) (2010) 9163–9178.
[17]
Widyawan, G. Pirkl, D. Munaretto, C. Fischer, C.L. An, P. Lukowicz, M. Klepal, A. Timm-Giel, J. Widmer, D. Pesch, H. Gellersen, Virtual lifeline: multimodal sensor data fusion for robust navigation in unknown environments, Pervas. Mobile Comput. 8 (3) (2012) 388–401.
[18]
R.M. Faragher, C. Sarno, M. Newman, Opportunistic radio SLAM for indoor navigation using smartphone sensors, IEEE Position Location Navig. Symp. (2012) 120–128.
[19]
J. Li, J.A. Besada, A.M. Bernardos, P. Tarrío, J.R. Casar, A novel system for object pose estimation using fused vision and inertial data, Inf. Fusion 33 (2017) 15–28.
[20]
A.R. Jiménez Ruiz, F. Seco Granja, J.C. Prieto Honorato, J.I. Guevara Rosas, Accurate pedestrian indoor navigation by tightly coupling foot-mounted IMU and RFID measurements, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 61 (1) (2012) 178–189.
[21]
R. Harle, A survey of indoor inertial positioning systems for pedestrians, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut. 15 (3) (2013) 1281–1293.
[22]
F. Cavallo, a.M. Sabatini, V. Genovese, A step toward GPS/INS personal navigation systems: real-time assessment of gait by foot inertial sensing, IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Rob. Syst. (2005) 1187–1191.
[23]
I. Skog, P. Händel, J.-O. Nilsson, J. Rantakokko, Zero-velocity detection — an algorithm evaluation., IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57 (11) (2010) 2657–2666.
[24]
E. Foxlin, Pedestrian tracking with shoe-mounted inertial sensors, IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (2005) 38–46.
[25]
Z. Wang, S. Qiu, Z. Cao, M. Jiang, Quantitative assessment of dual gait analysis based on inertial sensors with body sensor network, Sensor Rev. 33 (1) (2013) 48–56.
[26]
S. Qiu, Z. Wang, H. Zhao, H. Hu, Using distributed wearable sensors to measure and evaluate human lower limb motions, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65 (4) (2016) 939–950.
[27]
Y.S. Suh, A smoother for attitude and position estimation using inertial sensors with zero velocity intervals, IEEE Sensors J. 12 (5) (2012) 1255–1262.
[28]
X. Yun, J. Calusdian, E.R. Bachmann, R.B. McGhee, Estimation of human foot motion during normal walking using inertial and magnetic sensor measurements, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 61 (7) (2012) 2059–2072.
[29]
H. Fourati, Heterogeneous data fusion algorithm for pedestrian navigation via foot-mounted inertial measurement unit and complementary filter, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 64 (1) (2015) 221–229.
[30]
S.O.H. Madgwick, A.J.L. Harrison, A. Vaidyanathan, Estimation of IMU and MARG orientation using a gradient descent algorithm, IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Rob. (2011) 1–7.
[31]
K. Kunze, P. Lukowicz, Sensor placement variations in wearable activity recognition, Pervas. Comput. 13 (4) (2014) 32–41.
[32]
Z. Wang, D. Wu, R. Gravina, G. Fortino, Y. Jiang, K. Tang, Kernel fusion based extreme learning machine for cross-location activity recognition, Inf. Fusion 37 (2017) 1–9.
[33]
R. Feliz, E. Zalama, J.G. Garcia-Bermejo, Pedestrian tracking using inertial sensors, J. Phys. Agents 3 (1) (2009) 35–43.
[34]
X. Meng, Z.Q. Zhang, J.K. Wu, W.C. Wong, H. Yu, Self-contained pedestrian tracking during normal walking using an inertial/magnetic sensor module, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 61 (3) (2014) 892–899.

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. Inertial/magnetic sensors based pedestrian dead reckoning by means of multi-sensor fusion
          Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image Information Fusion
          Information Fusion  Volume 39, Issue C
          Jan 2018
          204 pages

          Publisher

          Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.

          Netherlands

          Publication History

          Published: 01 January 2018

          Author Tags

          1. Body sensor network
          2. Multi-sensor fusion
          3. Pedestrian dead-reckoning
          4. Inertial/magnetic sensors

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
          Reflects downloads up to 25 Dec 2024

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all

          View Options

          View options

          Media

          Figures

          Other

          Tables

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media