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Variational autoencoder Bayesian matrix factorization (VABMF) for collaborative filtering

Published: 01 July 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) is the most popular method among low-rank matrix approximation approaches that address the sparsity problem in collaborative filtering for recommender systems. PMF depends on the classical maximum a posteriori estimator for estimating model parameters; however, these approaches are vulnerable to overfitting because of the nature of a single point estimation that is pursued by these models. An alternative approach to PMF is a Bayesian PMF model that suggests the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm as a full estimation for approximate intractable posterior over model parameters. However, despite its success in increasing prediction, it has a high computational cost. To this end, we proposed a novel Bayesian deep learning-based model treatment, namely, variational autoencoder Bayesian matrix factorization (VABMF). The proposed model uses stochastic gradient variational Bayes to estimate intractable posteriors and expectation–maximization-style estimators to learn model parameters. The model was evaluated on the basis of three MovieLens datasets, namely, Ml-100k, Ml-1M, and Ml-10M. Experimental results showed that our proposed VABMF model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art RS.

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          Published In

          cover image Applied Intelligence
          Applied Intelligence  Volume 51, Issue 7
          Jul 2021
          1092 pages

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          Kluwer Academic Publishers

          United States

          Publication History

          Published: 01 July 2021
          Accepted: 28 October 2020

          Author Tags

          1. Recommender system (RS)
          2. Collaborative filtering (CF)
          3. Variational autoencoder (VAE)
          4. Variational autoencoder Bayesian matrix factorization (VABMF)

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