Atlas of languages

Wikimedia Commons Atlas of the World The Wikimedia Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. Discussion • Update the atlas • Index of the Atlas • Atlas in categories • Other atlases on line

The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.

Language

Atlas of languages English: A language is a system, used for communication, comprising a finite set of arbitrary symbols and a set of rules (or grammar) by which the manipulation of these symbols is governed. These symbols can be combined productively to convey new information, distinguishing languages from other forms of communication. The word language (without an article) can also refer to the use of such systems as a phenomenon. Français: Le langage est la faculté de mettre en œuvre un système de signes linguistiques (qui constituent la langue) permettant la communication et l'expression de la pensée, ce qui est privatif des humains, et des sentiments, ce qui est commun aux animaux. La linguistique est l'étude scientifique du langage. Español: Como concepto general, el lenguaje engloba a distintos medios utilizados para sostener la comunicación. El lenguaje verbal emplea signos que transmiten significados y que pueden articularse formando estructuras complejas que adquieren nuevas capacidades de significación (morfemas, palabras, oraciones, párrafos, textos). Filósofos como Martin Heidegger consideran que el lenguaje propiamente dicho es sólo privativo del hombre. Es famosa su tesis según la cual el lenguaje es la casa del ser (Haus des Seins) y la morada de la esencia del hombre. العربية: اللغة نسق من الإشارات والرموز، يشكل أداة في المعرفة، وتعتبر اللغة أهم أدوات التفاهم والاحتكاك بين أفراد المجتمع في جميع ميادين الحياة. وبدون اللغة يتعذر نشاط الناس المعرفي. وترتبط اللغة بالتفكير ارتباطاً وثيقاً. فأفكار الإنسان تصاغ دوماً في قالب لغوي، حتى في حال تفكيره الباطني. فقط في اللغة تحصل الفكرة على وجودها الواقعي. واللغة ترمز إلى الأشياء المنعكسة فيها. 中文: 正常的人类都具有讲话的能力，但是任何人都必须通过学习才能获得语言能力。对于语言这个非常复杂、重要的概念，是很难被清楚定义的。然而大部分人都会同意，语言是一套通过表示方法和合乎逻辑的语法构成的进行沟通和推理的系统。许多语言通过手势、声音、符号和文字来传递，目的是交流观念、意见、思想和含义等。语言学就是我们在尝试区分語言間的異同而發展出來的。 Русский: Язы́к — система знаков, предназначенная для фиксации, переработки и передачи сведений от одного субъекта к другому.

Maps of languages

English: Current distribution of Human Language Families Français : Distribution actuelle de familles linquistique Español: Distribución actual de las familias lingüísticas

English: Language groups Français : Familles linguistiques Español: Familias lingüísticas

Deutsch: Karte auf Deutsch English: Map in German Français : Carte en allemand Español: Mapa en alemán

Español: Idiomas del mundo English: Languages of the world (map in Spanish)

English: Writing systems of the world Français : Systèmes d'écriture du monde Español: Los sistemas de escritura del mundo

English: Writing systems of the world Français : Systèmes d'écriture du monde Español: Los sistemas de escritura del mundo

English: Orange: countries with a majority of speakers of Indo-European languages, Yellow: countries with an IE minority language with official status

Français : Le monde francophone English: Francophone world Español: El mundo francófono

Español: Mundo hispanohablante. Ver la leyenda para obtener una lista detallada de las fuentes utilizadas para generar el mapa. English: Hispanophone world. See the legend for a detailed list of sources used to make the map Français : Le monde hispanophone

English: Countries traditionally considered the Core of the Hispanidad. (Note that this is not the same as the Hispanophone.) See the legend for a detailed list of countries.

English: Countries where English is an official language. 中文：国家，英语是官方语言。 Español: Países donde el Inglés es un idioma oficial. हिन्दी: देश जहाँ अंग्रेज़ी एक आधिकारिक भाषा है.

Deutsch: Deutschsprachige länder English: German speaking countries

English: Portuguese speaking countries Português: Países lusófonos

English: International position of Dutch

Indo-European

Indo-European languages 3500 BCE

Indo-European languages 2500 BCE

Indo-European languages 1500 BCE

Indo-European languages 500 BCE

The Indo-European language groups as of 500 B.C.E, along with selected isoglosses.

Indo-European languages 500 CE

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Indo-European languages 1500 CE

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Indo-European Languages

Europe

English: Germanic languages Deutsch: Germanische Sprachen Germaanse talen Germanska språk Germanske sprog Germönsk tungumál

Crymean Tatar Language

беларуская мова Belarusian Language

украї́нська мо́ва Ukrainian Language

Russia

Русский язык Russian Language

Geographical distribution of Samoyedic, Finnic, Ugric and Yukaghir languages

Africa

Languages of Africa Carte linguistique Tale van Afrika

Map of African language families Carte de langues africaines

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Lugha za Kibantu Bantu expansion

لغات أفروآسيوية Afro-Asiatic languages

Nilo-Saharan languages

Lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo Langues nigéro-congolaises Niger-Congo languages

Khoi San languages

Gbe languages

Kel Tamasheq Touaregs طوارق Tuaregs

Americas

Eskimo-Aleut languages

Na-Dené languages

Qhichwa simi Runasimi Lenguas quechuas Quechua

Asia

Languages of South Asia

Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area

Austroasiatic languages

Dravidian languages

Indo-Aryan languages

Sino-Tibetan languages

Sino-Tibetan languages

Hindi

Japanese language

Notes and references

General remarks: The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references. Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections. Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries. The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned. The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.