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Freshwater ecosystems such as rivers, lakes and wetlands have crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles and in supporting human wellbeing through a variety of ecosystem services. However, freshwater biodiversity is in steep decline and freshwater habitats are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of global change given their physical isolation or fragmentation, often in already heavily exploited and human-modified landscapes. The potential consequences from global change factors such as climate warming, land-use change, pollution and species invasions are serious, but freshwaters are also relatively understudied and insufficiently prioritised compared to terrestrial and other aquatic ecosystems. In this Collection, we invite submissions of papers that will help deepen our ecological understanding of contemporary freshwater ecosystems and the threats they face from global change.
We encourage submission of studies that focus on natural freshwaters, including lentic (lakes, ponds), lotic (streams, rivers) and wetland systems. We are particularly interested in studies that provide insight into the effects of global change factors on freshwater populations, communities and ecosystem services, as well as multidisciplinary studies involving earth and environmental science in which the focus is on freshwater biodiversity.
Plankton species richness and individual density, and bird diversity decreased where water-surface photovoltaic systems were installed, according to a field survey in the Yangtze River basin, China during the winter and summer of 2022.
It is unclear whether stream detritivore diversity enhances decomposition across climates. Here the authors manipulate litter diversity and examine detritivore assemblages in a globally distributed stream litterbag experiment, finding a positive diversity-decomposition relationship stronger in tropical streams, where detritivore diversity is lower.
Temperature increases the potential harmful effects of antibiotics on the concentration of greenhouse gases through increased methanogenesis, according to anaerobic incubation experiments with freshwater sediments.
Whether non-native species are more or less likely to become established in communities that host close relatives is debated. This global study shows that non-native fish species phylogenetically close to native species are more likely to establish in freshwater ecosystems.
It is unclear how far the impact of deforestation can spread. Here the authors analyse freshwater eDNA data along two rivers in the Amazon forest, and find that low levels of deforestation are linked to substantial reductions of fish and mammalian diversity downstream.
By sampling environmental DNA across a large riverine network over multiple seasons, the varied dynamics between biodiversity and food-web dynamics are revealed.
In the natural Vjosa River network in Europe, the high geodiversity in the catchment and the structure of the river network control algae periphyton biodiversity and its function through regional dispersal and local species sorting, suggests an analysis of environmental and ecological data from 46 river sites.
Wildfire smoke reduced shortwave radiation fluxes and rates of primary production and ecosystem respiration in lakes, though responses varied among lake types, according to metabolic rates in lakes estimated from hourly dissolved oxygen data.