Engineering Proceedings

12 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Polylactic Acid (PLA) as Reinforcement for Jackfruit Seed Starch-Based Degradable Plastic

by Rozanna Dewi, Novi Sylvia and Medyan Riza

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084014 - 27 Jan 2025

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests [...] Read more.

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests showed that the plastics were hydrophilic, meaning they bind to water and break down easily. The combination of the jackfruit seed starch with PLA-reinforced plastic had better thermal stability. Starch made the material swell more, while PLA made it swell less. Jackfruit seed starch-based plastics reinforced with PLA degraded in 52–56 days, meeting the ASTM 6400 standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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3101 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Bibliometric Analysis of Risk Management and Sustainability in the Agri-Food Supply Chain: Future Directions

by Dhita Morita Ikasari, Mokh Suef and Iwan Vanany

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084013 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development [...] Read more.

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development of research topics related to risk management and sustainability in agri-food supply chains and to identify future research opportunities related to these topics through bibliometric analysis. We analyzed 320 articles from the Scopus database to determine publication trends, the most productive journals, the largest publishers, and the most cited articles. We visualized this bibliometric analysis using VosViewer version 1.6.20. The analysis reveals that “sustainability” is the most frequently studied keyword, clustering together with “risk management”, “agri-food supply chain”, “circular economy”, “supply chain resilience”, “artificial intelligence”, and “blockchain”, indicating a close relationship between these topics. “Food supply chain” and “agri-food supply chain” are also topics that have emerged in the last few years. However, there are still a few authors who publish on this topic. The combination of these keywords offers a potential avenue for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 2494 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Using Variations of Radiator Coolant on the Effectiveness of Engine Cooling and the Rate of Corrosion of Radiator Materials in 1300 cc Cars

by Rizki Dwi Ardika, Sudarno Sudarno, Kuntang Winangun, Chikal Singgih Pangesthu, Nur Rashid Mat Nuri and Marwan Effendy

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084011 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the [...] Read more.

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the effectiveness of engine cooling (radiator) and to determine the effects of the coolants on the corrosion rate. To achieve this, coolant variations were used in the forms of mineral water, radiator coolant (prestone), and power coolant (TOP 1), which were applied at engine speeds of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm. Temperature data collection at the coolant inlet and outlet was carried out every 10 min at different rpm. The corrosion rate test used the AA 3102 series aluminum radiator material, which was tested using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The results showed that the best coolant effectiveness value was found for the power coolant (TOP1). This is influenced by the ethylene glycol contained within it, which helps to accelerate the decrease in temperature in the engine. The lowest corrosion rate was found for the power coolant (TOP1), with a corrosion rate value of 0.0074480 mm/year. This is because the power coolant (TOP1) contains organic carboxylate rust inhibitors, which can inhibit corrosion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 1533 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Strategy for the Sustainable Development of the Bakery Industry in Medan City

by Tania Alda, Ahmad Shalihin, Chindy Elsanna Revadi, Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution, Raja Ahsan Andifa, Natalia Sri Fifani Br Tarigan, Mhd Irsan, Andreas Pandapotan, Jasmine Meilani Halim and Ranti Widya Ningsih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084010 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery [...] Read more.

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery industry, the products must be varied, innovative, good quality, follow market needs, and follow the eco-friendly production process. Based on this, the right strategy is needed so that the bakery industry can develop and increase its competitiveness towards sustainability. This research aims to create a strategy design that the bakery industry can implement to improve competitiveness and productivity toward sustainability. Based on the IFE and EFE matrix results, the bakery industry in Medan City is in quadrant IV, namely in the growth and built position. The right strategy, namely a market penetration strategy, and also a strategy for product development, is required. Based on the results of the QSPM matrix, the strategy with the highest score was obtained, namely, improvement in production processes in the bakery industry through the efficient and eco-friendly production process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2197 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

HHO Gas Production Assessment for Different NaOH Concentrations and Electrode Plates Under Hydrostatic Pressure

by Ummi Kultsum, Cahyo Jawoto Anggoro, Dewi Mahyunani and Andi Ibrahim Soumi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084009 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode [...] Read more.

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode plate numbers (2, 4, and 6) on HHO gas production and hydrostatic pressure will be examined in this study. Both NaOH concentration and electrode plate number increase HHO gas generation and hydrostatic pressure. A 10% NaOH concentration with six plates produced the most pressure and highest rate of hydrogen production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2358 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluating Material Parameter Influence on Drapability Using VStitcher

by Malin Schiller, Soraya Flohr, Jeanne Marisol Delmas, Anja Krüger, Anne-Marie Miene, Patrizia Zimmermann, Lena Wolf, Miriam Seffers, Michelle-Sophie Ruchay-Drammeh, Ulrike Reinhardt and Lilia Sabantina

Eng. Proc. 2024, 67(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024067083 - 26 Jan 2025

Abstract

The goal of 3D simulation in the apparel industry is highly relevant in terms of sustainability, as the realistic visualization of textile drape and the drapability of textile surfaces plays a crucial role in reducing textile waste and optimizing resource use. It is [...] Read more.

The goal of 3D simulation in the apparel industry is highly relevant in terms of sustainability, as the realistic visualization of textile drape and the drapability of textile surfaces plays a crucial role in reducing textile waste and optimizing resource use. It is a matter not only of generating photo-realistic images in 3D garment simulations, but also of making reliable predictions about the physical behavior of textile materials in order to achieve realistic outcomes. The prerequisite for 3D garment simulation is the correct application of standardized simulation programs, which is rarely accomplished in practice because the providers of 3D simulation software do not disclose their simulation algorithms, making accurate analysis difficult. In this study, an objective image comparison is carried out using the VStitcher simulation program as an example, which allows an assessment of the value of the relevant material parameters. A drape test is used as a validation method and the drape coefficient is calculated. Depending on the material and parameter settings, drape coefficients between 0.1 and 10% and between 0.7 and 70% are determined. By modifying the bending stiffness, the drape coefficient increases the most. By systematically varying and comparing these parameters, a deeper understanding of their influence can be obtained. The most significant effect on the drape coefficient (DC) is seen with increased bending stiffness, while changes in thickness, elongation, and shear stiffness have a minimal effect. Increased fabric thickness has a greater effect on appearance than on deformation. The digital parameters affect the simulation in much the same way as the physical textile parameters affect the real material. With VStitcher, the desired fabric changes are more effectively achieved by adjusting the bending stiffness and mass per area, while changes in thickness, elongation, and shear stiffness have little effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes)

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12 pages, 3314 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multiphysics-Based Study of Thermal Temperature Rise of Aircraft Wiring Harness

by Tao Cao, Shumei Cui, Wei Li and Tianxu Zhao

Eng. Proc. 2024, 80(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024080027 - 26 Jan 2025

Abstract

The wide application of all-electric aircraft and multi-electric technology has made the design of aircraft EWIS more and more complex, and the integration of wiring harnesses is becoming higher and higher. Aircraft wiring harness thermal temperature rise design is the key technology of [...] Read more.

The wide application of all-electric aircraft and multi-electric technology has made the design of aircraft EWIS more and more complex, and the integration of wiring harnesses is becoming higher and higher. Aircraft wiring harness thermal temperature rise design is the key technology of aircraft EWIS design, which directly affects the safety, reliability and economy of aircraft EWIS design. Based on the multiphysics research on the thermal temperature rise of the aircraft wiring harness, it is found that there is a large difference between the thermal temperature rise of the wiring harness in the exposed area of the aircraft and the airtight area, and the optimization of the wire harness wire can realize the weight and cost reduction design of the wire harness for these differences and provide aircraft economy under the premise of ensuring the safety and reliability of the aircraft. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Green Aviation (ICGA 2024))

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13 pages, 6021 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Articulated Robotic Arm for Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Localization in Operating Rooms

by Deisy L. Acosta-Ticse, Jorge Edinson Poma-Deza, Juan Orlando Salazar-Campos, Deyby Huamanchahua, Ricardo Andre Reaño-Forsyth, Issael Adrian Rocha-Hauyon, Ruben Felipe Vidal Endara and Ivan Ortega-Ampuero

Eng. Proc. 2025, 83(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025083021 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

The prolonged use of X-rays has led to an increased exposure of medical personnel to radiation, resulting in a more than 40% higher incidence of cancer compared to patients and other groups. Therefore, this article presents an alternative for protecting medical personnel, which [...] Read more.

The prolonged use of X-rays has led to an increased exposure of medical personnel to radiation, resulting in a more than 40% higher incidence of cancer compared to patients and other groups. Therefore, this article presents an alternative for protecting medical personnel, which involves designing and constructing an articulated robotic arm for minimally invasive stereotactic localization in operating rooms. The project’s main objective is for the robotic arm to assist doctors in minimally invasive procedures, including needle insertion into the patient. The methodology was developed in four stages: the first stage involved direct kinematic analysis, where the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters and robot motion equations were determined; the second stage involved the design and modeling of the robot’s links and joints; the third stage involved obtaining the robot’s dynamics using Jacobian matrices with inertial properties extracted from the elements; and the fourth stage involved the implementation of the robot using structural components (actual measurements), axes, transmissions, motors, 3D printing of the design, and an embedded system for control. The results show that the prototype can accurately assist doctors in minimally invasive procedures. Additionally, the robot provides a versatile solution for medical robotics with compact devices that can be adapted to various environments and are easy to operate. Furthermore, the prototype’s performance in real scenarios promises to enhance healthcare professionals’ capabilities and reduce radiation exposure risks. In conclusion, the prototype proves to be a viable option for protecting medical personnel exposed to radiation. Moreover, as a first version, several aspects for improvement were identified, including strengthening communications, improving the appearance, simplifying control, and optimizing needle actions for confined spaces. Full article

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11 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Village Road Geometric Design Using AutoCAD^® CIVIL 3D: The Case of Majalengka, Indonesia

by Renaldi Agustian, Andri Irfan Rifai, Arief Rijaluddin and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084008 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® [...] Read more.

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® Civil 3D application. The data and planning location is on Village Road in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. The research method used is to digitize manual planning using the AutoCAD application. The planning standard uses a combination of AASHTO and Indonesia Standard. The study results show that using AutoCAD^® Civil 3D for village road planning provides convenience, speed, and the best planning precision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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22 pages, 13430 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of Rocker–Bogie Suspension System for Robustness Improvement of Autonomous Rover by Numerical Simulations for Irregular Surfaces in Precision Agriculture

by Leandro Llontop and Nain M. Ramos

Eng. Proc. 2025, 83(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025083020 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Mobile robots are capable of moving in various environments and performing complex tasks. They are essential in applications such as planetary exploration, search missions, hazardous waste cleanup, and process automation. Therefore, their study and improvement are relevant today. In this research, we propose [...] Read more.

Mobile robots are capable of moving in various environments and performing complex tasks. They are essential in applications such as planetary exploration, search missions, hazardous waste cleanup, and process automation. Therefore, their study and improvement are relevant today. In this research, we propose optimizing the rocker–bogie suspension system to enhance the robustness of an autonomous rover used in precision agriculture (PA). PA aims to maximize agricultural efficiency and productivity through advanced technologies, and autonomous rovers play a crucial role in enabling real-time data collection and decision-making. This work was developed by implementing numerical simulations to evaluate the performance of the suspension system. The rocker–bogie suspension system is widely used in space exploration as it can avoid obstacles and maintain stability in challenging terrain. Using degrees of freedom and structural analysis, we designed and validated a rocker–bogie-type suspension geometry adapted to the needs of PA. The results of the simulations showed that optimizing the rocker–bogie suspension system significantly improves the rover’s robustness on uneven surfaces. The performance of the system was evaluated in various scenarios and conditions through numerical simulations, which supported its feasibility and effectiveness in PA. In conclusion, optimizing the rocker–bogie suspension system is an effective strategy to enhance the robustness of an autonomous rover in PA, as demonstrated by the results of the static simulations. This finding has significant implications for maximizing efficiency and agricultural productivity in PA. Full article

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12 pages, 10206 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Portable Biomedical System for Acquisition, Display and Analysis of Cardiac Signals (SCG, ECG, ICG and PPG)

by Valery Sofía Zúñiga Gómez, Adonis José Pabuena García, Breiner David Solorzano Ramos, Saúl Antonio Pérez Pérez, Jean Pierre Coll Velásquez, Pablo Daniel Bonaveri and Carlos Gabriel Díaz Sáenz

Eng. Proc. 2025, 83(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025083019 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study introduces a mechatronic biomedical device engineered for concurrent acquisition and analysis of four cardiac non-invasive signals: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Phonocardiogram (PCG), Impedance Cardiogram (ICG), and Photoplethysmogram (PPG). The system enables assessment of individual and simultaneous waveforms, allowing for detailed scrutiny of cardiac [...] Read more.

This study introduces a mechatronic biomedical device engineered for concurrent acquisition and analysis of four cardiac non-invasive signals: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Phonocardiogram (PCG), Impedance Cardiogram (ICG), and Photoplethysmogram (PPG). The system enables assessment of individual and simultaneous waveforms, allowing for detailed scrutiny of cardiac electrical and mechanical dynamics, encompassing heart rate variability, systolic time intervals, pre-ejection period (PEP), and aortic valve opening and closing timings (ET) through an application programmed with MATLAB App Designer, which applies derivative filters, smoothing, and FIR digital filters and evaluates the delay of each one, allowing the synchronization of all signals. These metrics are indispensable for deriving critical hemodynamic indices such as Stroke Volume (SV) and Cardiac Output (CO), paramount in the diagnostic armamentarium against cardiovascular pathologies. The device integrates an assembly of components including five electrodes, operational and instrumental amplifiers, infrared opto-couplers, accelerometers, and advanced filtering subsystems, synergistically tailored for precision and fidelity in signal processing. Rigorous validation utilizing a cohort of healthy subjects and benchmarking against established commercial instrumentation substantiates an accuracy threshold below 4.3% and an Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) surpassing 0.9, attesting to the instrument’s exceptional reliability and robustness in quantification. These findings underscore the clinical potency and technical prowess of the developed device, empowering healthcare practitioners with an advanced toolset for refined diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disorders. Full article

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12 pages, 4206 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Achieving Manufacturing Excellence Using Lean DMAIC

by Rindi Kusumawardani, Ana and Moses Laksono Singgih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084007 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root [...] Read more.

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to prioritize waste reduction. A significant 42.86% of activities were classified as non-value added, pointing to substantial opportunities for improvement. This study proposes key solutions, including the development of a shared database, streamlined procedures, and the alignment of targets with the Master Production Schedule to reduce waste and improve operational efficiency. These recommendations aim to foster manufacturing excellence by enhancing communication, process integration, and employee training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

R Analysis for Optimizing Enzymatic Saccharification of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind

by Wan Zafira Ezza Wan Zakaria, Khairunisa Yusof and Noor Aziah Serri

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084005 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and [...] Read more.

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and auxiliary enzymes like hemicellulose and pectinase to convert polysaccharides into simple sugars, yielding valuable end products. Thus, R software optimized saccharification yield in watermelon rind enzymatic hydrolysis. Four parameters were studied: substrate loading (1–5 g), enzyme loading (5–85 U/mg), temperature (35–55 °C), and hydrolysis time (6–30 h). Preliminary screening showed each parameter significantly affected saccharification yield. A mathematical model predicting optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions was developed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The presented mathematical model exhibited a strong correlation between actual and predicted values, with a predicted R² value of 0.96%. Optimization led to conditions of 1.15 g substrate, 24.85 U/mg enzyme, 44.79 °C temperature, and 11.47 h hydrolysis time. Under these conditions, the actual saccharification yield of watermelon rind reached 70.72%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1225 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Compromise Parameters of Temperature, Light, and Noise in Confined Spaces on Work Duration and Number of Errors

by Nachnul Ansori, Fito Rolis Agung Pratama, Fitri Agustina, Issa Dyah Utami, Ernaning Widiaswanti and Rullie Annisa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084004 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale [...] Read more.

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale involving six operators of different genders. Results show a difference in work duration, while no difference existed in the number of errors. Female participants were better at assembly work than male participants were. On the other hand, based on the variance, light and noise affected the work duration of male operators, while temperature and noise influenced female operators. In contrast, tested parameters did not affect the number of errors. An interaction between temperature and light affected male operators. Finally, further tests showed that noise was the factor that had the most influence on participants’ responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 1934 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Simulation Method for Fluid–Solid Coupling in the Flexible Wings of MAVs Based on the LBM

by Liansong Peng and Chen Wang

Eng. Proc. 2024, 80(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024080026 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

In this paper, a fast and accurate simulation method for the large deformation motion of anisotropic complex models is proposed. By establishing a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the Central Difference Method, the effect of [...] Read more.

In this paper, a fast and accurate simulation method for the large deformation motion of anisotropic complex models is proposed. By establishing a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the Central Difference Method, the effect of flexible deformation on the aerodynamic performance of anisotropic wings during flapping is analyzed. The method can provide theoretical guidance and data support for the fluid–solid coupling study and the aerodynamic optimization of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Green Aviation (ICGA 2024))

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11 pages, 1359 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Unit Department for the Administration and Execution of Technological and Innovation Projects: A Case Applied to Mechatronic Projects

by Carlos Gabriel Díaz Saenz, Pablo Daniel Bonaveri and Gustavo Rodriguez Albor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 83(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025083018 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Currently, the administration of innovation and technology, and the execution of technological projects (in this case, mechatronic projects) is, for all types of organizations, a challenge that requires the use of the creativity and initiative of its professionals, investing or implementing processes, machines, [...] Read more.

Currently, the administration of innovation and technology, and the execution of technological projects (in this case, mechatronic projects) is, for all types of organizations, a challenge that requires the use of the creativity and initiative of its professionals, investing or implementing processes, machines, products, and services in such a way that inventions, designs, and prototypes provide solutions to environmental problems and facilitate society. Therefore, in innovation projects, it should be considered that it corresponds not only to the application of new technologies, but also to the generation of an outcome that is useful for the objective, quantifiable, and productive segment, as applied to mechatronic projects. Therefore, it is necessary and relevant to carry out a process of orderly development in the following phases: identification of need, ideation, development, construction, and verification of the final solution of these mechatronic projects. The above is turned towards a comprehensive design process around the academy, which for the purposes of this research takes place at the Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, which, according to the indicators of technological development and innovation, is positioned among the top ten positions at a national level (over 350 measured universities) in the DTI-Sapiens ranking, published every two years since 2017 by the consulting firm Sapiens Research and recognized by the international IREG Observatory. The Unit Department for the Administration and Execution of Technological Projects and Innovation: A Case Applied to Mechatronic Projects aims to achieve a balanced technological offer in the universe of R&D&I projects in mechatronics, among economic and social scientific values. In this way, it will be possible to consolidate links with the socioeconomic environment for the transfer of existing knowledge in HEIs, its exploitation by stakeholders, and the increase in the development of R&D&I projects, strengthening capacities in the UEES relationship for the transfer of know-how to companies. Full article

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16 pages, 2603 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Case Study: Implementation of Lean Logistics at Inversiones Karmont S.A.C for Enhancing Distribution Productivity

by Deysi Llanos-Solorzano, Yenipher Dayana Barboza-Quispe and Ruben Felipe Vidal Endara

Eng. Proc. 2025, 83(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025083017 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

The main objective of this research was the application of Lean Logistics philosophy to increase productivity in the distribution area. The methodological approach of this research was quantitative, applied in nature, with an explanatory level of study and an experimental design with a [...] Read more.

The main objective of this research was the application of Lean Logistics philosophy to increase productivity in the distribution area. The methodological approach of this research was quantitative, applied in nature, with an explanatory level of study and an experimental design with a pre-experiment degree. With a sample of 179 orders for Confy Marco mattresses, the study was conducted as a pre- and post-test analysis. For the first part of this research, documentary review was used as the data collection technique, with the registration form used as the instrument. The second part of the research employed observation technique, with the structured observation form used as the instrument. The hypothesis test was conducted using the Student’s T-test, which yielded a significance of 0.000 (<0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. Productivity before implementation was 61%, and after implementation, it increased to 87%, demonstrating that the application of Lean Logistics improved the productivity of the distribution area at Inversiones Karmont. Full article

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7 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The In-Situ Epoxidation of Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea brasiliensis) by Peroxyacids

by Eni Budiyati, Auliya Rahmah and Nur Ahmad Fauzi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084003 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies [...] Read more.

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies deal with more common vegetable oils, where the main focus in most is given to the epoxidation of these oils and their derivatives. The RSO contained a high iodine value around 135.36 g–I2/100 g. The central to this work is the systematic study of the oxirane number as a function of reaction temperature and the double bond:RCOOH:H₂O₂ molar ratios. By testing the temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C and three specific molar ratios (1:0.6:1.4, 1:1:2, and 1:1.5:3), this research not only found the optimal conditions for epoxidation but also gave valuable information on the reaction kinetics of rubber seed oil. The results showed that a temperature of 60 °C with a 1:1:2 molar ratio gave the highest oxirane number, especially with performic acid, which was 3.200 mmol/g. Then, overall, formic acid consistently outperforms acetic acid in terms of product yields, facilitating a more effective epoxidation process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3063 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clustering Batik SMEs: Open Innovation for Environmental Sustainability

by Amelia Kurniawati, Fahmy Habib Hasanudin, Fandi Achmad, Raihan Abdurrahman and Rizki Fajar Ahmad Gurnita

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084002 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering [...] Read more.

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering of SMEs based on their environmental sustainability achievement and the utilization of open innovation to achieve it. The data used in this study are from 38 SMEs that produce Batik and are located in Rembang Regency, Indonesia. The clustering process is performed using the K-Means algorithm. The results show that the data are grouped into two clusters. The first cluster, with 26 entities, tends to have higher environmental sustainability achievement and open innovation involvement than the second cluster with 12 entities. Therefore, the second cluster needs more attention from external stakeholders to encourage and support them in achieving environmental sustainability, primarily related to using environmentally friendly materials in production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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