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Research LetterNephrologyOncology
Open Access | 
10.1172/JCI182275
F18-FDG PET imaging as a diagnostic tool for immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute kidney injury
Shruti Gupta,1,2,3 Olivia Green-Lingren,1 Sudhir Bhimaniya,3,4 Aleksandra Krokhmal,4 Heather Jacene,3,4 Marlies Ostermann,5 Sugama Chicklore,6 Ben Sprangers,7,8 Christophe M. Deroose,9 Sandra M. Herrmann,10 Sophia L. Wells,1 Sarah A. Kaunfer,1 Jessica L. Ortega,1 Clara García-Carro,11 Michael Bold,12 Kevin L. Chen,13 Meghan E. Sise,3,14 Pedram Heidari,15 Wai Lun Will Pak,16 Meghan D. Lee,14 Pazit Beckerman,17 Yael Eshet,18 Raymond K. Hsu,19 Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni,20 Arash Rashidi,21 Norbert Avril,22 Vicki Donley,21 Zain Mithani,23 Russ Kuker,24 Muhammad O Awiwi,25 Mindy X. Wang,26 Sujal I. Shah,27 Michael D. Weintraub,3,28 Heiko Schoder,29 Raad B. Chowdhury,1,2,3 Harish Seethapathy,3,14 Kerry L. Reynolds,3,30 Maria Jose Soler,31 Ala Abudayyeh,26 Ilya Glezerman,16 and David E. Leaf1,3
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Gupta, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Green-Lingren, O. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Bhimaniya, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Krokhmal, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Jacene, H. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Ostermann, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Chicklore, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Sprangers, B. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Deroose, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Herrmann, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Wells, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Kaunfer, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Ortega, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by García-Carro, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Bold, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Chen, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
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Sise, M.
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1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
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Heidari, P.
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1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Pak, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Lee, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Beckerman, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Eshet, Y. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Hsu, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Hernandez Pampaloni, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Rashidi, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Avril, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Donley, V. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Mithani, Z. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Kuker, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Awiwi, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Wang, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Shah, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Weintraub, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Schoder, H. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Chowdhury, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Seethapathy, H. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Reynolds, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
Find articles by Soler, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
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1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
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1Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
6King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, London, United Kingdom.
7Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
8Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
9Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
10Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
11Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
13Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
14Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
15Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
17Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
18Department of Nuclear Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
19Division of Nephrology and
20Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
21Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
22Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
23Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
24Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
25Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
26Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
27Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
28Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
29Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
30Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
31Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, CSUR National Unit of Expertise for Complex Glomerular Diseases of Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Address correspondence to: Shruti Gupta, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone:617.732.7482; Email: [email protected].
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Published August 8, 2024 - More info
J Clin Invest. 2024;134(18):e182275. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI182275.
© 2024 Gupta et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
To the Editor: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anticancer agents that enhance antitumor response, can cause autoimmune toxicities, including ICI-associated acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI). The most common histopathologic lesion in patients with ICI-AKI is acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN); however, a definitive diagnosis of ATIN requires a kidney biopsy (1). This represents a frequently encountered clinical challenge for providers, as AKI is very common among cancer patients, many of whom have contraindications to kidney biopsy (e.g., solitary kidney, therapeutic anticoagulation). Accordingly, noninvasive methods of diagnosing ICI-AKI are urgently needed, as treatment involves glucocorticoids and discontinuation of potentially life-saving immunotherapy.
Case reports and one case series explored the utility of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (F18-FDG PET-CT) for diagnosing ICI-AKI and reported mixed findings (2, 3); however, these studies did not have clear inclusion and exclusion criteria to carefully phenotype the patients, did not use rigorous techniques to minimize sampling error, and, most importantly, in some cases did not include a control group. We sought to address these key knowledge gaps and define the role of F18-FDG PET-CT in diagnosing ICI-AKI.
We used data from a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of 429 patients with ICI-AKI treated at 30 sites across 10 countries (1). Patients were diagnosed with ICI-AKI between 2012 and 2023 and had either biopsy-proven or clinically adjudicated ICI-AKI (Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI182275DS1), specifically ICI-ATIN.
We also assembled two control groups, each consisting of patients with cancer treated at Mass General Brigham (MGB). The first comprised patients with AKI from non-ICI etiologies, and the second comprised patients treated with ICIs who did not have AKI at the time of a follow-up F18-FDG PET-CT.
For all three groups, patients were included if they had F18-FDG PET-CT scans at baseline and within 14 days of AKI onset (or, for the second control group, a follow-up scan between 90 and 365 days following ICI initiation). Patients were excluded from all three groups if they had genitourinary cancer, lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys, or received 7 or more days of glucocorticoids prior to the follow-up scan.
Radiologists at each site reviewed the F18-FDG PET-CTs. They were unaware of group assignment at the time of review. Five 0.5 cm diameter regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the cortex of each kidney, avoiding the collecting system and space-occupying lesions, such as cysts. The ROIs were selected to represent each kidney’s upper, mid, and lower poles. The mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) for each ROI was recorded.
Fifty-three patients were included (9 with ICI-AKI, 24 with AKI from non-ICI causes, and 20 ICI-treated without AKI; Supplemental Figure 1). Baseline characteristics were largely similar among the three groups (Supplemental Table 2), as were F18-FDG PET-CT scan technical parameters (Supplemental Table 3).
Detailed characteristics of the 9 ICI-AKI patients are shown in Supplemental Table 4. Three had biopsy-proven ATIN, whereas the remaining 6 had clinically adjudicated ICI-ATIN. All had clinical features supporting a diagnosis of ATIN (Supplemental Table 5). Those with AKI from non-ICI causes had prerenal AKI (n = 10), ischemic or septic acute tubular necrosis (n = 10), or other AKI etiologies (n = 4) (Supplemental Table 6).
Representative images from baseline and follow-up F18-FDG PET-CTs from an ICI-AKI patient (no. 1) are shown in Figure 1A. Among those with ICI-AKI, the SUVmean increased by a median of 57.4% (IQR, 40.3 to 119.8) from baseline to follow-up. In contrast, it increased by 8.5% (IQR, 1.4 to 19.9) among patients with AKI from non-ICI causes and decreased by 0.8% (IQR, -16.6 to 5.1) among patients receiving ICIs without AKI (P < 0.001; Figure 1B). The increase in SUVmean in patients with ICI-AKI was also greater compared with that of patients with AKI from non-ICI causes when stratified by AKI etiology (Supplemental Figure 2). The AUC for the differentiation of ICI-AKI from the two control groups according to percentage change in SUVmean was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.00) (Figure 1C). In a sensitivity analysis (described in the Supplemental Methods), the AUC was unchanged at 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00).
Figure 1F18-FDG PET-CT and ICI-AKI. (A) Representative F18-FDG PET-CT images at baseline (top panels) and at the time of ICI-AKI (lower panels). (B) Percentage change in SUVmean from baseline to the time of AKI among patients with ICI-AKI (red), AKI from other causes (blue), and patients receiving ICI therapy without AKI (green). Biopsy-proven patients are represented by squares, and clinically adjudicated patients with circles. (C) ROC curve of percentage change in SUVmean for differentiation of ICI-AKI from AKI from other causes.
In the ICI-AKI cohort, there was little intraindividual variability in the ROIs at each time point (Supplemental Figure 3), though overall precision improved monotonically with a greater number of ROIs (Supplemental Figure 4).
We found that patients with ICI-AKI had a considerable increase in SUVmean on F18-FDG PET-CT from baseline to the time of AKI compared with two groups of control patients. These findings suggest that, when a baseline F18-FDG PET-CT is available, these scans have diagnostic utility in differentiating ICI-AKI from AKI caused by other etiologies and could offer a noninvasive alternative to kidney biopsy.
Though predominantly used for cancer staging and assessing treatment response, F18-FDG PET-CTs have also been used to examine autoimmune toxicity resulting from ICIs. Patients with suspected ICI-associated colitis had increased radiotracer uptake in the colon, whereas uptake decreased with treatment with glucocorticoids (4). Another study found that patients with positive F18-FDG PET-CTs of the thyroid were more likely to develop ICI-associated hypothyroidism (5).
Fewer data are available on the role of F18-FDG PET-CT imaging for ICI-AKI (2, 3). A single-center study examined F18-FDG PET-CT scans in 14 patients with ICI-AKI and reported an increase in FDG activity in the renal parenchyma and a decrease in the collecting system (2). However, the study did not exclude patients with genitourinary cancer or those who had received prolonged courses of glucocorticoids prior to the follow-up F18-FDG PET-CT scan, nor did the authors compare their findings with controls without ICI-AKI. Further, only a single ROI in the renal cortex was obtained in each patient, which could have resulted in sampling error.
In our study, we compared changes in FDG uptake from baseline to the time of AKI among patients with and without ICI-AKI while also incorporating rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. We acknowledge as a limitation that not all patients had biopsy-proven ICI-AKI; however, this reflects clinical practice, where a diagnosis is often made based on established risk factors, clinical features, and an absence of alternative etiologies (1).
In summary, we found that F18-FDG PET-CT may be a useful adjunctive test for diagnosing ICI-AKI in patients with baseline imaging available. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)