Climate change-related indicators

We are committed to improving the quality and availability of climate data, because the more we know about the climate crisis, the better we can identify and manage its risks and opportunities. This is why the ECB and the national central banks of all EU Member States have together started developing statistical indicators – harmonised at the euro area level – for climate-related analysis.

These indicators will help us to analyse more effectively climate risks that could affect monetary policy, price stability and the financial system. They will also help us to gain a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities we face as we transition to a greener economy. Better and more accessible statistics can also enhance transparency on climate-related matters.

The indicators were published for the first time in January 2023. Additional breakdowns of the ”sustainable finance” indicators were released in November 2023 and September 2024 . The “carbon emissions” and “physical risks” indicators were updated in April 2024 to reflect significant methodological improvements and include additional details.

Producing these indicators is complex and they are still subject to limitations. This means that, at this juncture, the “carbon emissions” and “physical risks” indicators are of an analytical nature and should be analysed with due care. The “sustainable finance” indicators are now published as official statistics.

All these indicators are part of our broader climate action plan. They are a work in progress. Plans are in place to update them as the methodologies improve and additional data sources become available.

We would welcome your comments and feedback. Please contact us at [email protected]. 

To receive updates on methodology and data quality, subscribe to our climate data information service.

Reference material from the current data release - November 2023 / April 2024

• The ECB Blog - Improved data: how climate change impacts banks
• Methodological report/statistical paper
• Technical annex
• Seminar presentation

Reference material from the first data release − January 2023

• Press release
• Methodological report
• Technical annex
• Seminar presentation