Photography, PRO-ÁLV

Photography’s history began long before we were snapping pictures on camera phones. Learn about the masters of the craft and explore the development of photographic technology as it progressed through daguerreotypes and tintypes on the way to modern day’s increasingly sophisticated digital cameras.
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Photography Encyclopedia Articles By Title

projector
projector, device for transferring photographic and other images in an enlarged form onto a viewing screen. All......
Rebel, Benny
Benny Rebel is a German Iranian photographer known for his extreme close-up portraits of dangerous African wildlife.......
reel
reel, in motion pictures, a light circular frame with radial arms and a central axis, originally designed to hold......
Rejlander, O.G.
O.G. Rejlander was a Swedish painter and photographer who is known as the “father of art photography.” Rejlander......
relative aperture
relative aperture, the measure of the light-gathering power of an optical system. It is expressed in different......
Renger-Patzsch, Albert
Albert Renger-Patzsch was a German photographer whose cool, detached images formed the photographic component of......
Riefenstahl, Leni
Leni Riefenstahl was a German motion-picture director, actress, producer, and photographer who is best known for......
Riis, Jacob
Jacob Riis was an American newspaper reporter, social reformer, and photographer who, with his book How the Other......
Roberts, Isaac
Isaac Roberts was a British astronomer who was a pioneer in the photography of nebulae. In 1883 Roberts began experimenting......
Robinson, Henry Peach
Henry Peach Robinson was an English photographer whose Pictorialist photographs and writings made him one of the......
Rodchenko, Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Rodchenko was a Russian painter, sculptor, designer, and photographer who was a dedicated......
Roeg, Nicolas
Nicolas Roeg was an English filmmaker known for his striking visual style and uncompromising, often controversial,......
roentgenogram
roentgenogram, photograph of internal structures that is made by passing X-rays through the body to produce a shadow......
Rolleiflex
Rolleiflex, twin-lens reflex roll-film camera introduced by the German firm Franke & Heidecke in 1928. It had two......
Ruscha, Ed
Ed Ruscha is an American artist associated with West Coast Pop art whose works provide a new way of looking at......
Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris
Lewis Morris Rutherfurd was an American astrophysicist who made the first telescopes designed for celestial photography.......
Salgado, Sebastião
Sebastião Salgado is a Brazilian photojournalist whose work powerfully expresses the suffering of the homeless......
Salomon, Erich
Erich Salomon was a pioneering German photojournalist who is best known for his candid photographs of statesmen......
Sander, August
August Sander was a German photographer who attempted to produce a comprehensive photographic document of the German......
Schlesinger, Frank
Frank Schlesinger was an American astronomer who pioneered in the use of photography to map stellar positions and......
Schwarzschild, Karl
Karl Schwarzschild was a German astronomer whose contributions, both practical and theoretical, were of primary......
Scidmore, Eliza Ruhamah
Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore was an American travel writer and photographer whose books and magazine articles often featured......
Serrano, Andres
Andres Serrano is an American photographer whose Piss Christ (1987), an image of a crucifix submerged in urine,......
Seymour, David
David Seymour was a Polish-born American photojournalist who is best known for his empathetic pictures of people,......
Sheeler, Charles
Charles Sheeler was an American painter who is best known for his precise renderings of industrial forms in which......
Sherman, Cindy
Cindy Sherman is an American photographer known for her images—particularly her elaborately “disguised” self-portraits—that......
Shonibare, Yinka
Yinka Shonibare is a British artist of Nigerian heritage known for his examination of such ideas as authenticity,......
shutter
shutter, in photography, device through which the lens aperture of a camera is opened to admit light and thus expose......
Sidibé, Malick
Malick Sidibé was a Malian photographer who created mainly black-and-white images that revealed the gradual Westernization......
Siegel, Arthur
Arthur Siegel was a photographer noted for his experimental photography, particularly in colour, and for his contributions......
Simon, Taryn
Taryn Simon is an American photographer known for her formal, richly textured images, usually captured with an......
Simpson, Lorna
Lorna Simpson is an American photographer whose work explored stereotypes of race and gender, most often with an......
Singh, Raghubir
Raghubir Singh was an Indian photographer noted for his evocative documentation of the landscape and peoples of......
Siskind, Aaron
Aaron Siskind was an influential American teacher, editor, and photographer who is best known for his innovations......
Smith, W. Eugene
W. Eugene Smith was an American photojournalist noted for his compelling photo-essays, which were characterized......
Southworth & Hawes
Southworth & Hawes, firm established by two American photographers who collaborated to produce some of the finest......
speed
speed, in photography, any of those standards that indicate (1) the size of the lens opening, or aperture, (2)......
Steichen, Edward
Edward Steichen was an American photographer who achieved distinction in a remarkably broad range of roles. In......
Steinert, Otto
Otto Steinert was a German photographer, teacher, and physician, who was the founder of the Fotoform movement of......
Stevens, Albert W.
Albert W. Stevens was a U.S. Army officer, balloonist, and early aerial photographer who took the first photograph......
Stieglitz, Alfred
Alfred Stieglitz was an art dealer, publisher, advocate for the Modernist movement in the arts, and, arguably,......
Strand, Paul
Paul Strand was a photographer whose work influenced the emphasis on sharp-focused, objective images in 20th-century......
street photography
street photography, a genre of photography that records everyday life in a public place. The very publicness of......
Struth, Thomas
Thomas Struth is a German photographer known best for his series Museum Photographs, monumental colour images of......
Sugimoto, Hiroshi
Hiroshi Sugimoto is a Japanese photographer whose realistic images of intangible or impossible phenomena challenged......
Szarkowski, John
John Szarkowski was an American photographer and curator who served as the visionary director of photography at......
Talbot, William Henry Fox
William Henry Fox Talbot was an English chemist, linguist, archaeologist, and pioneer photographer. He is best......
Technicolor
Technicolor, (trademark), motion-picture process using dye-transfer techniques to produce a colour print. The Technicolor......
Testino, Mario
Mario Testino is a Peruvian fashion photographer known for his evocative portraits and vivid advertisements. Testino,......
Tillmans, Wolfgang
Wolfgang Tillmans German photographer whose images of the everyday span from street photography to portraiture......
tintype
tintype, positive photograph produced by applying a collodion-nitrocellulose solution to a thin, black-enameled......
Toland, Gregg
Gregg Toland was an American motion-picture cinematographer known for his brilliant use of chiaroscuro and deep-focus......
Turner, Herbert Hall
Herbert Hall Turner was an English astronomer who pioneered many of the procedures now universally employed in......
Ulmann, Doris
Doris Ulmann was an American photographer known for her portraits of people living in rural parts of the American......
VanDerZee, James
James VanDerZee was an American photographer, whose portraits chronicled the Harlem Renaissance. VanDerZee made......
Varda, Agnès
Agnès Varda was a French director and photographer whose first film, La Pointe Courte (1954), was a precursor of......
viewfinder
viewfinder, camera component that shows the photographer the area of the subject that will be included in a photograph.......
Vitascope
Vitascope, motion-picture projector patented by Thomas Armat in 1895; its principal features are retained in the......
Watkins, Carleton E.
Carleton E. Watkins was an American photographer best known for his artistic documentation of the landscape of......
webcamming
webcamming, broadcasting of sound and images over the Internet using a Web camera, or webcam. The popularity of......
Weegee
Weegee was a photojournalist noted for his gritty yet compassionate images of the aftermath of New York street......
Weems, Carrie Mae
Carrie Mae Weems is an American artist and photographer known for creating installations that combine photography,......
Weston, Edward
Edward Weston was a major American photographer of the early to mid-20th century, best known for his carefully......
wet-collodion process
wet-collodion process, early photographic technique invented by Englishman Frederick Scott Archer in 1851. The......
White, Clarence H.
Clarence H. White was an American photographer known for subtle portraits of women and children and also as an......
White, Minor
Minor White was an American photographer and editor whose efforts to extend photography’s range of expression greatly......
Winogrand, Garry
Garry Winogrand was an American street photographer known for his spontaneous images of people in public engaged......
Wolf, Max
Max Wolf was a German astronomer who applied photography to the search for asteroids and discovered 228 of them.......
Zhang Huan
Zhang Huan is a Chinese artist known for both his early photographed performance art that often showcased his own......
Álvarez Bravo, Manuel
Manuel Álvarez Bravo was a photographer who was most noted for his poetic images of Mexican people and places.......

Photography Encyclopedia Articles By Title