Louise Erdrich

Louise Erdrich (born June 7, 1954, Little Falls, Minnesota, U.S.) is an American author whose principal subject is the Ojibwe people of the northern Midwest. Among her acclaimed novels are The Round House (2012; winner of the National Book Award) and The Night Watchman (2020; winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction).

Erdrich’s novels are noted for their depth of characterization; they are peopled by a variety of characters, some of whom appear in multiple stories within her oeuvre. For many of the Native people about whom she writes, contact with white culture brings such elements as alcoholism, Roman Catholicism, and government policies to tear down the Native community, though tradition and loyalty to family and heritage work to counteract these forces.

Childhood and influences

Erdrich grew up in Wahpeton, North Dakota, where her German American father, Ralph Erdrich, and half-Ojibwe and half-French mother, Rita Gourneau, taught at a Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school. The eldest of seven children, Erdrich has three sisters (Heid, Lise, and Angela) who also became writers. Storytelling was an important tradition in her family. In an interview with The Paris Review in 2010, Erdrich called her father her biggest literary influence and said that when she was a child he gave her a nickel for every story she wrote. Another influence was her spirituality, which was shaped by Roman Catholicism and a strong emphasis on Native practices and beliefs. In 2010 she told journalist Bill Moyers,

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I kept writing because I grew up as a Catholic. And…the one place you’re allowed to be emotional and to really talk about yourself is in the confessional. And in the darkness of the confessional, where you are safe, the priest is supposed to be a conduit just to God.…You begin to think, “Well, I have a sacred entity that is also able to receive these unknowable emotions.” And it begins to move outward. Eventually, I began to write about what was innermost.

(Read about other Catholic authors in Britannica’s essay on the Catholic imagination.)

Education and marriage

Erdrich attended Dartmouth College (B.A., 1976) and was part of the first class of women to be admitted there. While at Dartmouth she met writer and anthropologist Michael Dorris, who was the director of the college’s new Native American studies program and a single adoptive father to three Native children. She also served as editor of the Boston Indian Council’s newspaper, and her interactions there with other Native people of mixed heritage and with urban Native people made her realize that she wanted to write about this population and their experiences.

Erdrich continued her education at John Hopkins University (M.A., 1979) and then returned to Dartmouth as a writer-in-residence. She married Dorris in 1981 and collaborated with him in writing some of her early novels, notably The Crown of Columbus (1991). (Dorris’s own works include the award-winning 1989 nonfiction book The Broken Cord: A Family’s Ongoing Struggle with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.) Erdrich adopted Dorris’s children and had three more children with him. In 1991 their eldest child, Abel, was killed in a car accident. The couple was in the process of divorcing when Dorris died by suicide in 1997.

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Novels

After Erdrich and Dorris’s short story “The World’s Greatest Fisherman” won the 1982 Nelson Algren Award for short fiction, it became the basis of her first novel, Love Medicine (1984; expanded edition, 1993). That book began a tetralogy that also includes The Beet Queen (1986), Tracks (1988), and The Bingo Palace (1994), about Native families living on or near an Ojibwe reservation in the fictional town of Argus, North Dakota, and the white people they encounter. Tales of Burning Love (1996) and The Antelope Wife (1998) detail tumultuous relationships between men and women and their aftermath.

Erdrich returned to the setting of her earlier novels for The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse (2001), about the tribulations of a white nun who leaves her convent and then assumes the identity of a priest in order to take up his position on a reservation. In 2020 Erdrich discussed her protagonist’s understanding of identity in an interview with U.S. Catholic magazine:

She finds herself in a position where she can change her identity. I would call it becoming her true self, and her true self was a priest. She refuses to back away from her calling, her vocation. It is not to be a nun. It is to be a priest, and she knows that to the bottom of her existence.

Erdrich then shifted away from Native themes to explore the German, Polish, and Scandinavian citizens of a small North Dakota town in The Master Butchers Singing Club (2003). Some aspects of the novel resemble the experience of her father’s side of the family. However, she soon returned to Native characters with such novels as The Plague of Doves (2008), which centers on a young protagonist trying to understand the long-standing tension between her Native family and their white neighbors, and Shadow Tag (2010), which chronicles the unraveling of a marriage and the effect it has on the couple’s children.

With The Round House, in which an Ojibwe teenager seeks justice after his mother is raped, Erdrich addressed contemporary events and the legacy of violence against Indigenous women. The novel was released as Democratic U.S. senators were lobbying to reauthorize the federal Violence Against Women Act and to expand the act to include increased protections for Native people and other marginalized groups (which successfully passed in 2013). In 2016 Erdrich explained to American Indian magazine, “This Reauthorization Act was huge, a great thing. Prior to this act tribal courts had no jurisdiction over non-Indians who were guilty of rape and murder. Jurisdictional power was given back to our tribal courts.” Erdrich had been a finalist for the National Book Award twice (in 1999 and 2001), but, with The Round House, she finally won the prize.

(Read Britannica’s essay “13 Great Indigenous Writers to Read and Celebrate.”)

Erdrich’s next few novels varied between familiar and new subjects, although she more frequently addressed current events and modern Native history in her works. LaRose (2016) investigates tragedy, grief, and Ojibwe tradition through the story of a boy whose parents give him to their neighbor’s family after his father accidentally shoots the neighbor’s son. However, Future Home of the Living God (2017) was a departure from her previous works. The dystopian novel centers on the struggles of a pregnant woman following a catastrophic global event.

Erdrich’s maternal grandfather, Patrick Gourneau, a tribal chairman in the 1950s, was the inspiration for The Night Watchman. The book follows a small isolated community in North Dakota and its efforts to fight a congressional resolution to terminate Native tribes by forcing them to assimilate and give up their land. In 2021 The Night Watchman won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. That same year Erdrich published The Sentence, a novel about a formerly incarcerated Native woman who works in a Minneapolis bookstore that is haunted by the ghost of a recently deceased customer. Erdrich incorporated real-life events into the work, notably the COVID-19 pandemic and the murder of George Floyd, an African American man who died while in police custody.

In 2024 Erdrich published The Mighty Red, the story of a love triangle between three teenagers and of a mother-daughter relationship set amid the financial crisis of 2007–08. Critics praised Erdrich’s skillful narrative for its balance of humor and keen observation of human behavior with timely questions concerning social class and ecological collapse.

Other works and projects

Erdrich has also written poetry, short stories, and children’s books, including The Birchbark House (1999), which launched a series: The Game of Silence (2005), The Porcupine Year (2008), Chickadee (2012), and Makoons (2016). Her memoir The Blue Jay’s Dance: A Birth Year (1995) is a meditation on her experience of pregnancy, motherhood, and writing.

Erdrich is the owner of Birchbark Books, a bookstore in Minneapolis that specializes in selling books, art, and crafts by Native artists. Notably, the store was the setting for the haunted bookstore in The Sentence, in which Erdrich herself made a cameo.

Honors and literary comparisons

Erdrich’s honors include the 2014 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, the 2014 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award from the organizers of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize, and the 2015 U.S. Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction.

Erdrich’s writing is often compared to that of William Faulkner for its richly imagined fictional worlds and to the magical realism of Gabriel García Márquez. Yet, in a 2017 interview with Rumaan Alam of BuzzFeed, Erdrich remarked, “It was a great compliment in the beginning. It was kind of wonderful to be compared to Faulkner, but it’s over for me.” Indeed, as Alam noted, “To be fair, there really isn’t another writer like Márquez, or like Faulkner. And there may never be another writer like Erdrich.”