Yusof bin Ishak | |
---|---|
1st President of Singapore | |
In office 9 August 1965 –23 November 1970 | |
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Benjamin Sheares |
Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore | |
In office 3 December 1959 –9 August 1965 | |
Monarchs | Elizabeth II Putra of Perlis |
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew |
Preceded by | Sir William Goode |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Yusof bin Ishak Al-Haj 12 August 1910 Terong,Taiping,Perak,Federated Malay States,British Malaya |
Died | 23 November 1970 60) Singapore | (aged
Cause of death | Heart failure |
Resting place | Kranji State Cemetery |
Political party | Independent |
Spouse | |
Relations | Aziz Ishak (younger brother) Abdul Rahim Ishak (younger brother) |
Children | 3 |
Parent | Ishak bin Ahmad (father) |
Alma mater | Victoria Bridge School Raffles Institution |
Occupation |
|
Yusof bin Ishak DUT SK DUBC PJG ( /ˈjʊsɒfbɪnˈɪshɑːk/ YUUSS-off bin ISS-hahk; 12 August 1910 –23 November 1970) was a Singaporean journalist and senior civil servant who served as the second Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore from 1959 to 1965 and the first president of Singapore between 1965 and 1970, both roles serving as the head of state of Singapore. Born in the Federated Malay States, Yusof had his education in Malaysia and Singapore, graduating from Raffles Institution in 1929. Upon his graduation, he worked in journalism, creating a sports magazine with friends before joining Warta Malaya , a Malay-language daily newspaper. Leaving Warta in 1938, Yusof co-founded Utusan Melayu , a newspaper more centred on Malay issues, in 1939 with other Malay figures in Singapore.
Yusof held many appointments within the Singapore Government. He served on the Film Appeal Committee from 1948 to 1950 and was a member of both the Nature Reserves Committee and Malayanisation Commission for a year. In July 1959, he was appointed Chairman of the Public Service Commission. On 3 December 1959, Yusof succeeded Sir William Goode as Yang di-Pertuan Negara (English: Head of State) after the People's Action Party (PAP) won the 1959 general election. Yusof was subsequently appointed as the first president of Singapore by Parliament after the independence of Singapore on 9 August 1965.
Yusof served three terms in office (2 as Yang-di Pertuan Negara) before he died on 23 November 1970 due to heart failure. He was succeeded by Benjamin Sheares on 2 January 1971. Serving as Singapore's Head of State for close to 11 years between 1959 and 1970, he was Singapore's longest-serving Head of State until S. R. Nathan surpassed this record in August 2010. His portrait appears on the Singapore Portrait Series currency notes introduced in 1999.
Yusof was born on 12 August 1910 in Padang Gajah, a kampong village in Terong, Taiping, Perak, which was then apart of the Federated Malay States (present-day Malaysia). The eldest son of nine siblings, Yusof was of Malay and Sumatran descent. His father was of Minangkabau descent who lived in Penang before moving to Perak whilst his mother was of Malay descent who came from Langkat, North Sumatra. [1]
His father was Ishak bin Ahmad, a civil servant who held the post of Acting Director of Fisheries. [1] His younger brothers, Aziz Ishak and Abdul Rahim Ishak, were active in politics in Malaysia and Singapore respectively. [2] [3] Yusof received his early education at the Malay School and King Edward VII School, both in Taiping, Perak. In 1923, when his family moved to the Straits Settlements (present-day Singapore) after his father was posted there, Yusof studied at Victoria School. In 1924, he was enrolled in Raffles Institution for his secondary education. [4] [5]
During his time in Raffles Institution, he played various sports such as swimming, weight lifting, water-polo, boxing, hockey, baseball, and cricket. A member of the National Cadet Corps, Yusof became the first student to be made an officer, a Second Lieutenant. He was also apart of The Rafflesian, a school newspaper, and a prefect. [6] In 1927, Yusof passed his Cambridge School Certificate examination and was awarded the Queen's Scholarship. With the scholarship, he studied at Raffles Institution for two more years, graduating in 1929. He was one of 13 students in the Queen's Scholarship class, along with being the only Malay student. [6] [7]
After graduating from Raffles Institution in 1929, Yusof began his career as a journalist and went into partnership with two other friends to publish, Sportsman, a sports magazine devoted entirely to sports. [8] In 1932, Yusof joined Warta Malaya, a well-known newspaper during that time. [9] Warta Malaya was heavily influenced by developments in the Middle East and Yusof wanted a newspaper dedicated to Malay issues. He fulfilled his vision by establishing Utusan Melayu with several Malay leaders in Singapore in May 1939. [10]
During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Utusan Melayu had to stop circulation as machinery used to print the paper were requisitioned to publish the Japanese paper, Berita Malai. Yusof then moved back to Taiping and with the remaining money he had, he opened a provision shop and lived there until the war ended in 1945 and Utusan Melayu resumed publication. In 1957, Yusof moved to Kuala Lumpur and in February 1958, the headquarters of Utusan Melayu was also relocated to the city. During the post-war period, many Malays wanted independence of Malaya from the British and Yusof, fanned this fervour through his publications which resulted in the formation of the United Malay Nationalist Organisation (UMNO) in 1946. However, his democratic ideals were different from UMNO's vision of reestablishing the monarchy of Malaya. This resulted in rising tensions within the Utusan Melayu and in 1959, Yusof had sold his shares he had in the company and resigned as UMNO had bought over almost all of the shares of Utusan Melayu. [10]
Yusof held several appointments within the Singaporean government, he had served on the Film Appeal Committee from 1948 to 1950 and was also a member of both the Nature Reserves Committee and Malayanisation Commission for a year. After his resignation from Utusan Melayu, Yusof took the position of Chairman of the Public Service Commission of Singapore at the invitation of then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. [11]
Following the People's Action Party's victory at the 1959 general elections, Yusof was appointed as Yang di-Pertuan Negara and was sworn on 3 December 1959, [12] During his time as Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Singapore was divided by racial conflicts. Yusof actively promoted multiculturalism and reached out to people of all races to help restore trust and confidence after the 1964 racial riots. [13]
On 9 August 1965, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent nation. The position of Yang di-Pertuan Negara was abolished and Yusof then became the first President of Singapore. As president, Yusof reached out to the people to reassure citizens astonished by Singapore's expulsion and continued to promote multiculturalism and a national identity within the country by visiting constituencies and reached out to different racial and religious groups. [14]
Yusof served for three terms in office before he died on 23 November 1970 due to heart failure. [15] [16]
Yusof is survived by his wife of 21 years, Puan Noor Aishah, and their three children, Orkid Kamariah, Imran, and Zuriana. [17] Puan Noor Aishah continued her husband's legacy of public service and was the first Asian to become president of the Singapore Girl Guides Association. [18] She and her now adult children were interviewed for the Channel NewsAsia documentary Daughters of Singapore, which screened in August 2015 as part of the SG50 celebrations and commemorated the spouses of Yusof Ishak and David Marshall, two pioneer leaders of Singapore. [19]
Yusof participated in several sports in his youth. He won the Aw Boon Par Cup for boxing in 1932, and was the national lightweight champion in weightlifting in 1933. [20] One of Yusof's hobbies was photography, and a collection of his photographs was donated to the National Archives of Singapore by his widow, Noor Aishah. [21] He also cultivated orchids, [22] and had the tennis courts at his residence on the Istana grounds, Sri Melati, converted into an orchid garden. [23] He performed the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1963. [24]
The following institutions bear Yusof Ishak's name:
Other memorials include:
Yang di-Pertuan Negara is a title for the head of state in certain Malay-speaking countries, and has been used as an official title at various times in Brunei and Singapore.
The Portrait Series of currency notes is the fourth and current set of notes to be issued for circulation in Singapore. It was first introduced on 9 September 1999 by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS), whose role was since taken over by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) post-merger.
Utusan Malaysia is a Malaysian Malay language daily newspaper headquartered outside Kuala Lumpur. Formerly owned by the Utusan Group, the newspaper is currently owned by Media Mulia.
The following lists events that happened during 1962 in Singapore.
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Singapore.
The 1964 race riots in Singapore involved a series of communal race-based civil disturbances and racially-motivated violence between the Malays and Chinese in Singapore following its merger with Malaysia in 16 September 1963, and were considered to be the "worst and most prolonged in Singapore's postwar history". The term is also used to refer specifically to two riots on 21 July 1964 and 2 September 1964, particularly the former, during which 23 people died and 454 others suffered severe injuries.
Ishak Haji Muhammad, better known as Pak Sako, was a Malaysian writer, active in the 1930s until the 1950s. He was a nationalist and his involvement began before independence and continued thereafter. He fought for the idea of the unification of Melayu Raya where Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei are united in one collective.
Othman bin Wok, often known as Othman Wok, was a Singaporean statesman who served as Minister of Social Affairs between 1963 and 1977. After retiring from politics, he was Singapore's Ambassador to Indonesia and served on the boards of the Singapore Tourism Board and Sentosa Development Corporation.
Ungku Abdul Aziz bin Ungku Abdul Hamid was a Malaysian economist and university professor. He was the 3rd Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya from 1968 to 1988 and the 1st General Director of the Council on Language and Literature of Malaysia from 1956 until 1957. He was the first to be awarded the title of Royal Professor in 1978.
Abdul Aziz bin Ishak (1915–1999) was a Malaysian freedom fighter, politician and journalist. Aziz was, in fact, the only member of the pre-war Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) to have served in the 1955 and post-Merdeka Cabinets under Tunku Abdul Rahman. Between 1955 and 1963, he was the Minister for Agriculture and Co-operatives, where his efforts in rural development to improve the lives of padi farmers and fishermen were important although less known compared with similar efforts undertaken by the Rural Development Ministry.
Tun Sardon bin Jubir was a Malaysian politician who had served as the 4th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang from 1975 to 1981. Prior to his governorship, he had served as Minister of Health, Minister of Works and Communications and was the 3rd UMNO Youth Chief.
The spouse of the president of Singapore, sometimes referred to as the first lady or first gentleman, is a title typically held by the wife of the president of Singapore, concurrent with the president's term in office. A courtesy term not enshrined in the Constitution, the spouse's role has never been codified or officially defined, but nevertheless figures prominently in the political and social life of Singapore.
Abdul Rahim Ishak, also known as Encik Rahim, was a Singaporean politician and journalist. The youngest brother of Yusof bin Ishak, the first President of Singapore, Abdul was Minister of State for Education from 1965 to 1968 and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs for 1969 to 1972. He was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary first to the United Arab Republic in 1967, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, and Lebanon in 1969, and to Indonesia from 1974 to 1979. He became an envoy to New Zealand in July 1982.
Noor Aishah binti Mohammad Salim is the widow of former President, Yusof Ishak.
Abdul Rahim Kajai, born Abdul Rahim bin Haji Salim was a Malayan journalist, editor and novelist. His career began as a typesetter and was a writer for multiple local Malay newspapers. He later became a correspondent for Penang-based weekly Sinar Zaman. During his later years, he became involved in Warta Malaya and Utusan Melayu, the most prestigious Malay newspaper of the 1930s and 1940s respectively, and wrote several political and religious treatises concerning Malay rights in British Malaya. Between 1936 and 1941, he wrote 48 short stories, which were later compiled in several books published between 1949 and 1961. For his pioneering work, he was highly regarded within Malaya as one of the most prominent contributors of Malayan literature. He was given the honorific title of "Father of Malay Journalism and Short Stories" by the National Library of Malaysia (PNM).
Warta Negara was a north-Malaysian Malay-language daily newspaper written in Jawi script. It was first published in 1945. The newspaper was originally printed in four pages, but later editions included two-page and six-page formats. The newspaper mostly covered general stories and news reports of contemporary Malaya and early-Malaysia. The newspaper ceased publication in 1969.
Warta Malaya, also known as Warta Melayu was a Singaporean and Malayan Malay-language daily newspaper. Written in Jawi script, the newspaper released its first issue in 1930. It later emerged as one of the highest circulating Malay newspapers of the 1930s. The newspaper was politically involved in the early stages of Malay nationalism, and became a paper for the Kesatuan Melayu Muda, an early Malayan left-wing political party. The final issue of the newspaper was published in 1942.
Ishak bin Ahmad was a prominent civil servant and the father of Yusof Ishak, the first president of Singapore.
Ambo Sooloh (1891–1963) was a Bugis-Malay businessman and philanthropist. Born in Singapore to a wealthy mercantile family, Sooloh was one of the founders of the Malay-language newspaper Utusan Melayu. He also served as the chairman of the Singapore Malay Union from 1934 to 1937.
Kenyataan tersebut diberikan oleh Encik Aziz Ishak, adik kepada Allahyarham Yusof, dalam temuramahnya dengan pengarang buku Leaders of Singapore[The statement was given by Encik Aziz Ishak, brother of the late Yusof, in his interview with the author of the book Leaders of Singapore]
Inche Yusof mendapat pelajaran di-Sekolah Melayu Taiping, King Edward VII School, Taiping dan kemudian di-Victoria School dan Raffles Institution Singapura.[Inche Yusof was educated at Taiping Malay School, King Edward VII School, Taiping and then at Victoria School and Raffles Institution Singapore.]
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)These pictures were personally taken by President Yusof Ishak during his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1963.
Yusof Ishak Secondary School was established in 1965 as Jubilee Integrated Secondary School. It was an integrated school offering secondary education to an enrolment of 984 pupils and 37 teachers of two streams, in English and Malay. On 29 July 1966, then Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew declared open Yusof Ishak Secondary School (YISS) at Jubilee Road. We are the only school to be named after a President of our Republic.