Tuesday

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The god Tyr or Tiw, identified with Mars, after whom Tuesday is named. Icelandic National Library, Reykjavik. IB 299 4to Tyr.jpg
The god Týr or Tiw, identified with Mars, after whom Tuesday is named. Icelandic National Library, Reykjavík.

Tuesday is the day of the week between Monday and Wednesday. According to international standard ISO 8601, Monday is the first day of the week; thus, Tuesday is the second day of the week. [1] According to many traditional calendars, however, Sunday is the first day of the week, so Tuesday is the third day of the week. In some Muslim countries, Saturday is the first day of the week and thus Tuesday is the fourth day of the week.

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The English name is derived from Middle English Tewesday, from Old English Tiwesdæg meaning "Tīw's Day", the day of Tiw or Týr, the god of single combat, law, and justice in Norse mythology. Tiw was equated with Mars in the interpretatio germanica , and the name of the day is a translation of Latin dies Martis.

Etymology

The name Tuesday derives from the Old English Tiwesdæg and literally means "Tiw's Day". [2] Tiw is the Old English form of the Proto-Germanic god *Tîwaz, or Týr in Old Norse. *Tîwaz derives from the Proto-Indo-European base *dei-, *deyā-, *dīdyā-, meaning 'to shine', whence comes also such words as "deity". [3]

The German Dienstag and Dutch dinsdag are derived from the Germanic custom of the thing , as Tiw / Týr also had a strong connection to the thing.

The Latin name dies Martis ("day of Mars") is equivalent to the Greek ἡμέρα Ἄρεως (hēméra Áreōs, "day of Ares"). In most languages with Latin origins (Italian, French, Spanish, Catalan, Romanian, Galician, Sardinian, Corsican, but not Portuguese), the day is named after Mars, the Roman parallel of the Ancient Greek Ares (Ἄρης).

In some Slavic languages the word Tuesday originated from Old Church Slavonic word въторъ meaning "the second". Bulgarian and Russian Вторник (Vtornik) (Serbian : уторакutorak) is derived from the Bulgarian and Russian adjective for 'second' - Втори (Vtori) or Второй (Vtoroi).

In Japanese, the second day of the week is 火曜日 (kayōbi), from 火星 (kasei), the planet Mars. Similarly, in Korean the word Tuesday is 화요일 (hwa yo il), means literally fire day, and Mars the planet is referred to as the fire star with the same words, but this is unrelated to the Roman god Mars, which is referred to phonetically as Mars.

In the Indo-Aryan languages Pali and Sanskrit the name of the day is taken from Angaraka ('one who is red in colour'), [4] a style (manner of address) for Mangala, the god of war, and for Mars, the red planet.

In the Nahuatl language, Tuesday is Huītzilōpōchtōnal (Nahuatl pronunciation: [wiːt͡siloːpoːt͡ʃˈtoːnaɬ] ) meaning "day of Huitzilopochtli".

In Arabic, Tuesday is الثلاثاء (al-Thulatha'), and in Hebrew it is יום שלישי (Yom Shlishi), meaning "third day". When added after the word يوم / יום (yom or youm) it means "the third day".

Religious observances

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Tuesdays are dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. The Octoechos contains hymns on this theme, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Tuesdays throughout the year. At the end of Divine Services on Tuesday, the dismissal begins with the words: "May Christ our True God, through the intercessions of his most-pure Mother, of the honorable and glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John…"

In Hinduism, Tuesday is also a popular day for worshipping and praying to Hanuman and some also worship Kartikeya, Kali, Durga, Parvati, and Ganesha. Many Hindus fast during Tuesday. [5] [6] [7] Many Hindu married women also observe the Mangala Gauri Vrat of fasting every Tuesday in the Hindu month of Shravana, as the month is dedicated to Gauri and Shiva. Tuesday is also viewed as the day ruled by Mangala (Mars) in Hinduism.

Cultural references

In the Greek world, Tuesday (the day of the week of the Fall of Constantinople) is considered an unlucky day. [8] The same is true in the Spanish-speaking world; it is believed that this is due to the association between Tuesday and Mars, the god of war and therefore related to death. [9] For both Greeks and Spanish-speakers, the 13th of the month is considered unlucky if it falls on Tuesday, instead of Friday. In Judaism, on the other hand, Tuesday is considered a particularly lucky day, because in Bereshit (parashah), known in the Christian tradition as the first chapters of Genesis, [10] the paragraph about this day contains the phrase "it was good" twice. [11]

In the Thai solar calendar, the day is named for the Pali word for the planet Mars, which also means "Ashes of the Dead"; the color associated with Tuesday is pink.

In the folk rhyme Monday's Child , "Tuesday's child is full of grace".

Common occurrences

United States

Tuesday is the usual day for elections in the United States. Federal elections take place on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November; this date was established by a law of 1845 for presidential elections (specifically for the selection of the Electoral College), and was extended to elections for the House of Representatives in 1875 and for the Senate in 1914. Tuesday was the earliest day of the week which was practical for polling in the early 19th century: citizens might have to travel for a whole day to cast their vote, and would not wish to leave on Sunday which was a day of worship for the great majority of them. However, a bill was introduced in 2012 to move elections to weekends, with a co-sponsor stating that "by moving Election Day from a single day in the middle of the workweek to a full weekend, we are encouraging more working Americans to participate. Our democracy will be best served when our leaders are elected by as many Americans as possible." [12]

Video games are commonly released on Tuesdays in the United States, this fact often attributed to the Sonic the Hedgehog 2 "Sonic 2s day" marketing campaign in 1992. [13] DVDs and Blu-rays are released on Tuesday. [14] Albums were typically released on Tuesdays as well, but this has changed to Fridays globally in 2015. [15]

Australia

In Australia, the board of the Reserve Bank of Australia meets on the first Tuesday of every month except January. [16] The federal government hands down the federal budget on the second Tuesday in May, the practice since 1994 (except in 1996 and 2016). [17] The Melbourne Cup is held each year on the first Tuesday in November. [18]

Astrology

In astrology, Tuesday is aligned by the planet Mars and the astrological signs of Aries and Scorpio.[ citation needed ]

Named days

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Týr</span> Germanic deity

Týr is a god in Germanic mythology and member of the Æsir. In Norse mythology, which provides most of the surviving narratives about gods among the Germanic peoples, Týr sacrifices his right hand to the monstrous wolf Fenrir, who bites it off when he realizes the gods have bound him. Týr is foretold of being consumed by the similarly monstrous dog Garmr during the events of Ragnarök.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monday</span> Day of the week

Monday is the day of the week that takes place between Sunday and Tuesday. According to the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 8601 standard, it is the first day of the week.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunday</span> Day of the week

Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. Sunday is a day of rest in most Western countries and a part of the weekend. In some Middle Eastern countries, Sunday is a weekday.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saturday</span> Day of the week

Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. No later than the 2nd century, the Romans named Saturday diēs Sāturnī for the god Saturn. His planet, Saturn, controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens. The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in the Low German languages such as Middle Low German satersdach, saterdach, Middle Dutch saterdag, and Old English Sæternesdæġ, Sæterndæġ or Sæterdæġ.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friday</span> Day of the week

Friday is the day of the week between Thursday and Saturday. In countries that adopt the traditional "Sunday-first" convention, it is the sixth day of the week. In countries adopting the ISO 8601-defined "Monday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.

Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard, it is the fourth day of the week. In countries which adopt the "Sunday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wednesday</span> Day of the week

Wednesday is the day of the week between Tuesday and Thursday. According to international standard ISO 8601, it is the third day of the week.

<i>Rishi</i> Sanskrit term for a sage in Indian religions

In Indian religions, a rishi is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various Vedic texts. Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of the Vedas. The Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the rishis as "great yogis" or "sages" who after intense meditation (tapas) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns. The term appears in Pali literature as Ishi; in Buddhism they can be either Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, Arahats or a monk of high rank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangala</span> Deity of Planet Mars

Mangala is the personification, as well as the name for the planet Mars, in Hindu literature. Also known as Lohita, he is the deity of anger, aggression, as well as war. According to Vaishnavism, he is the son of Bhumi, the earth goddess, and Vishnu, born when the latter raised her from the depths of the primordial waters in his Varaha avatar. According to Shaivism, once when Shiva was engrossed in meditation on Mount Kailash, three drops of perspiration from his forehead fell on Earth. From those drops was born a beautiful infant with a reddish complexion and four arms. Shiva handed the child to Mother Earth for upbringing. Brought up by Bhumi, the child was named Bhauma.

<i>Deva</i> (Hinduism) Male celestial being in Hinduism

Deva means "shiny", "exalted", "heavenly being", "divine being", "anything of excellence", and is also one of the Sanskrit terms used to indicate a deity in Hinduism. Deva is a masculine term; the feminine equivalent is Devi. The word is a cognate with Latin deus ("god") and Greek Zeus.

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Interpretatio germanica is the practice by the Germanic peoples of identifying Roman gods with the names of Germanic deities. According to University of Bonn philologist Rudolf Simek, this occurred around the 1st century AD, when both cultures came into closer contact.

The t-rune ᛏ is named after Týr, and was identified with this god. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Tîwaz or *Teiwaz. Tiwaz rune was an ideographic symbol for a spear.

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The navagraha are nine heavenly bodies and deities that influence human life on Earth according to Hinduism and Hindu astrology. The term is derived from nava and graha. The nine parts of the navagraha are the Sun, Moon, planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, and the two nodes of the Moon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Budha</span> Deity of Planet Mercury

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Sankashti Chaturthi, also known as Sankatahara Chaturthi and Sankashti, is a holy day in every lunar month of the Hindu calendar dedicated to the Hindu god Ganesha. This day falls on the fourth day of the Krishna Paksha. If this Chaturthi falls on a Tuesday, it is called Angaraki Sankashti Chaturthi, Angaraki Chaturthi, Angaraki and Angarika. Angaraki Sankashti Chaturthi is considered highly sacred.

In astrology, planets have a meaning different from the astronomical understanding of what a planet is. Before the age of telescopes, the night sky was thought to consist of two similar components: fixed stars, which remained motionless in relation to each other, and moving objects/"wandering stars", which moved relative to the fixed stars over the course of the year(s).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiwaz (Luwian deity)</span> Anatolian Sun deity

Tiwaz was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians.

In English, the planet Mars is named after Mars, the Roman god of war, an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood. The adjectival form of Latin Mars is Martius, from which the English word Martian derives, used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and Martial, used as an adjective corresponding to Terrestrial for Earth. In Greek, the planet is known as Ἄρης Arēs, with the inflectional stem Ἄρε- Are-. That is because of the Greek equivalent to Mars is Ares. From this come technical terms such as areology, as well as the (rare) adjective Arean and the star name Antares.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "ISO 8601-1:2019(en) Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules". www.iso.org. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
  2. ↑ "Tuesday". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  3. ↑ Klein, E., "deity" and "Tuesday", Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (Elsevier Publishing, 1966), pp. 417—18, 1662.
  4. ↑ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1962). "aṅgāraka 126". A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press . Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. p. 7. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2010. 126 aṅgāraka 1. Pali 'red like charcoal'; Sanskrit aṅārī. (speculative) 2. Pali aṅgāraka masculine 'Mars'; Sanskrit aṅāro masculine 'Tuesday'.
  5. ↑ "Each Day of a Week Dedicated to a Particular Hindu God" (PDF). londonsrimurugan.org. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Hindu Fasting".
  7. ↑ "Weekly Rituals in the Practice of Hinduism".
  8. ↑ "The fall of Constantinople". The Economist. 23 December 1999. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  9. ↑ MARTÍNEZ, HELENA (2008-05-13). "Reportaje | Marte cena con los apóstoles". El País (in Spanish). ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  10. ↑ "Bereshit - Genesis - Chapter 1 (Parshah Bereshit) - Tanakh Online - Torah - Bible" . Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Bereishit 1:9-13 (in the Christian tradition known as Genesis). Discussed in Marvin J. Heller, "Frankfurt on the Oder—First Edition: Background", in Printing the Talmud: Complete Editions, Tractates, and Other Works and the Associated Presses from the Mid-17th Century through the 18th Century (Leiden: Brill), 47-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004376731_005 and ISBN   9789004376724
  12. ↑ "Bill introduced to move Election Day to weekend" . Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  13. ↑ "The Weird Reason Why Video Games Are Released On Tuesdays". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  14. ↑ "Why Albums Are Released On Tuesdays In The U.S." NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  15. ↑ "Industry Sets Friday as Global Record Release Day". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  16. ↑ Australia, scheme=AGLSTERMS AglsAgent; corporateName=Reserve Bank of. "Reserve Bank Board". Reserve Bank of Australia. Retrieved 6 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ "ParlInfo - APPROPRIATION BILL (No. 1) 1994-95 : Second Reading". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  18. ↑ "Melbourne Cup Day in Australia". www.timeanddate.com.

Sources

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