Stanley, County Durham

Last updated

Stanley
Town and civil parish
St.Andrew's Church, Stanley,Co.Durham - geograph.org.uk - 76395.jpg
St. Andrew's Church, Stanley
Durham UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Stanley
Location within County Durham
Population31,300 (2019) [1]
OS grid reference NZ197525
Civil parish
  • Stanley
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town STANLEY
Postcode district DH9
Dialling code 01207
Police Durham
Fire County Durham and Darlington
Ambulance North East
UK Parliament
Website http://www.stanley-tc.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
County Durham
54°52′01″N1°41′31″W / 54.867°N 1.692°W / 54.867; -1.692

Stanley is a town and civil parish in the ceremonial county and district of County Durham, England. Centred on a hilltop between Chester-le-Street and Consett, Stanley lies south-west of Gateshead.

Contents

The local economy was once based on coal mining and other heavy industries. [2] The core of the town began to grow in the nineteenth century through the expansion and merger of the mining villages of East Stanley and West Stanley. [3] The civil parish, created in 2007, [4] incorporates the town of Stanley and the villages of Annfield Plain, Bloemfontein, Catchgate, Clough Dene, Craghead, Greencroft, Harelaw, Kip Hill, New Kyo, No Place, Oxhill, Quaking Houses, Shield Row, South Moor, Tanfield, Tanfield Lea, Tantobie, The Middles, West Kyo and White-le-Head. [5]

History

Some archaeological evidence, or possible evidence, of Iron Age and Roman activity has been found in the Stanley area. [6]

Stanley was first mentioned in historical records in 1211.[ citation needed ] Stanley is referred to in an early thirteenth century episcopal actum—a documented decision— of Richard Poore, Bishop of Durham from 1228 to 1237. The actum, dated between 1228 and 1234, confirms the granting of the vill of Stanley and some land in Durham to William de Kilkenny. [7] The town's name is derived from the Old English stān and lēah, meaning "stony woodland clearing". [8]

The first printed map of the Bishopric of Durham was created in 1576. Published in 1579 as part of the cartographer Christopher Saxton's county atlas, it appears to show Stanley as "Standley". [9] In 1611, John Speed, a famous English mapmaker who built on Saxton's work, created a map of the bishopric that also appears to show Stanley as "Standley". [10]

The 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster, one of the worst in the history of British coal mining, occurred at West Stanley Colliery on 16 February of that year. [11] 168 men and boys were killed. [12] An explosion at the same colliery in 1882 had killed 13 men. [13] On 22 August 1947, an explosion at the Louisa Morrison Colliery killed 22 men. [14] [15]

Stanley was served by the Stanhope and Tyne Railway, which had two stations in the town: West Stanley, and Annfield Plain. Both closed in 1955. [16]

Over recent decades, Stanley has suffered hard times economically, with the closure of the coal pits followed by the loss of major employers at Ever Ready in nearby Tanfield, as well as the closure of both the British Steel plant and Shotley Bridge General Hospital in the neighbouring town of Consett. Local businesses in Stanley town centre were also significantly affected by the development of the giant MetroCentre shopping complex in nearby Gateshead, with local trade decreasing as a result.[ citation needed ]

In 1999, the Harry Ramsden's fish-and-chips restaurant chain threatened to sue the eponymous owner of the "Harry Ramadan" fish-and-chip shop on Front Street for trademark infringement. [17] The name was changed. In 2003, plans to convert a derelict hotel on the High Street into a club for swingers received numerous objections, [18] and after the intervention of the then-district council, [19] were dropped. [20]

In 2005, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister granted permission to plans to form a Stanley Town Council. This followed a campaign by local people, including a petition signed by more than 2,000 names, representing 10% of the population that would be covered by the new Town Council. Campaigners promised that the new Town Council would increase the pace of regeneration within the town.[ citation needed ]

The Stanley Blues Festival took place during the first weekend in August between 1993 and 2007, with appearances by local, national, and international blues artists and renowned musical acts. [21] In 2005, The Animals played a well-received set. In early 2008, however, organisers announced that the Festival was to be discontinued due to insufficient funding.

In June 2008, an arson attack left a historic building on Front Street in ruins, along with a billiards club and several shops. [22] In November 2008, the burnt buildings were demolished.

Stanley was renowned for an annual, two-week summer playscheme, which ran from 1972 to 2013. Based at the former Stanley Youth Centre, it was organised by a group of local people, and recruited international volunteers through VAP (Volunteer Action for Peace—formerly Youth Action for Peace). [23] Children participated in games, activities, and trips to local cultural and leisure venues.

Stanley Youth Centre offered activities to young people Monday to Friday during school term as well as a summer programme. Located at the top of Tyne Road, facilities included a sports hall, pool table, table tennis, meeting rooms and coffee bar. The range of activities available included DJing, volunteering, the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, babysitting, first aid training, and youth work courses. The Centre closed in 2016 after many decades of work with young people.[ citation needed ]

In mid-2023, Stanley Town Council handed back Stanley Civic Hall, the town’s long-standing arts venue and community hub, to Durham County Council. [24] [25] Amidst political controversy, [26] [27] it closed shortly afterwards, and was put up for sale in early 2024. [28] The Civic Hall was formerly known as the Lamplight Arts Centre, which opened in 1961. The Council had taken over its running in mid-2013. [29] The Civic Hall hosted concerts, recitals, plays and shows in the Alun Armstrong Theatre, had an independent cinema, put on exhibitions, held classes and seminars, and was a weddings and corporate events venue. [30]

In late 2023, the owners of the Beamish Football Centre training ground [31] announced that government funding had been secured for a major refurbishment and upgrade, with work starting in 2024. [32]

Local government

Stanley, whose boundaries have changed over the years, [33] has successively been part of the Lanchester Poor Law Union (from 1837 onwards); [34] Stanley Local Board (1892); [35] Stanley Urban District (1894); [35] [lower-roman 1] Derwentside District (1974); [38] [lower-roman 2] and County Durham (2009). [lower-roman 3]

Stanley is in the UK parliamentary constituency of North Durham. Since July 2024, this has been represented in the House of Commons by Luke Akehurst of the Labour Party.

Town Council

Since 2007, Stanley Town Council has provided the first tier of local government. The council has the statutory right to do whatever it considers will improve the economic, social or environmental well-being of the area. [39] It has a duty to provide allotments and to consider the potential impact of every policy and action on reducing crime. The council's powers include the provision and maintenance of bus shelters, community centres, play areas and play equipment, and the awarding of grants to local community organisations. It can also issue fixed penalty fines for offences such as littering, graffiti, fly-posting, and contraventions of dog control orders. [40]

The town council has 20 councillors, elected every four years by electors in the seven parish wards. [lower-roman 4] The last election was in 2021 for the 2021–2025 term. Each year the councillors elect, from amongst themselves, a town mayor and deputy, and a council leader and deputy. [42]

County Council

Durham County Council provides the second tier of local government. Eight Stanley town councillors serve on the county council. [43] Its responsibilities include education, housing, social services, highways, planning, and refuse collection.

In May 2024, the county council became part of a new upper tier of local government, the North East Combined Authority, led by Mayor Kim McGuinness of the Labour Party.

Durham County Councillors representing Stanley [44]
CouncillorDivisionPolitical Party
Christine BellAnnfield Plain Derwentside Independents
Joan NicholsonAnnfield Plain Derwentside Independents
Carole HampsonCraghead and South Moor Labour
Sam McMahonCraghead and South Moor Labour
Angela HansonStanley Labour
Carl MarshallStanley Labour
Gordon BinneyTanfield Labour
Joyce CharltonTanfield Derwentside Independents

Area Action Partnership (AAP)

The Stanley AAP, one of 14 in County Durham, is a non-political organisation and funding body engaged with tackling local issues. It involves members of the public and representatives of Durham County Council and Stanley Town Council, the police, the fire brigade, health, housing, and education providers, business, and voluntary organisations. [45] Stanley AAP publishes a directory of local activities and advice and support services. [46]

Economy

The three largest employment sectors for residents in the local area are retail, manufacturing, and health and social work, [47] : 52  while the three largest industry groups [lower-roman 5] for local businesses are construction; professional, scientific, and technical services; and retail. [47] : 56 

In recent decades, with the decline of traditional industries and the arrival of large supermarkets and chain stores, 'Old Stanley' has declined, with many locally owned shops and pubs closing.[ citation needed ]

The town's main shopping area, Front Street, is pedestrianised, housing independent shops alongside large chains such as Boots. A market is held on Front Street on Thursdays and Saturdays, although this has become smaller in recent years.[ citation needed ] There are also supermarkets such as Asda, Aldi and Iceland located within the town. Tesco planned to construct a new supermarket on the Clifford Road Retail Complex site, which had previously housed Kwik Save, Presto, a furniture shop, and an indoor market. [48] Tesco sold the land to TJ Morris, and the former Kwik Save site was then redeveloped into a large Home Bargains store, opening in July 2018. The store created 60 new jobs. [49]

Stanley has also added a Domino's, a larger Greggs outlet (both opening December 2022) and a drive-thru Starbucks (opened in March 2023) in a newly developed site off of Agnes Street. [50] The Front Street area, however, continues to be defined by its derelict buildings, including the old school building in the centre of Front Street, which has remained unoccupied for decades.[ citation needed ]

Over the past 20 years, the refurbishment of Stanley town centre has seen the opening of a new bus interchange and an extension to the Louisa Centre leisure facility, including a new swimming pool. A new health centre, Stanley Primary Care Centre, was opened in February 2010 along with a Sure Start children's centre. [51] [52]

Stanley is 4 miles (6.4 km) from Junction 63 of the A1(M) motorway. Stanley Bus Station [53] is an interchange for bus services which is served by several operators. [54] The nearest railway stations to the town are Chester-le-Street, Durham and Dunston. The town is also close to Newcastle International Airport.

Education

As well as a number of primary schools, [55] Stanley has two secondary schools. These are:

The town is also served by St Bede's Catholic School and Sixth Form College, based in the nearby village of Lanchester.

Leisure

Stanley from the nearby Consett to Sunderland branch of the Sea to Sea Cycle Route. Stanley Durham.jpg
Stanley from the nearby Consett to Sunderland branch of the Sea to Sea Cycle Route.

The C2C Cycle Route skirts Stanley to the north. [56] This 140-mile (230 km) route links Whitehaven (Cumberland) on England's north-west coast with Roker Beach (Sunderland) on the north-east coast.

The Louisa Centre, [57] a sports and leisure complex, contains a gym, a 25-metre swimming pool (with a 300-seat spectators' gallery), a small pool, a sports hall, a shooting range, a soft play area, a nursery, meeting rooms, a café, and Stanley Library. [58]

The Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre, with a large arena and grandstand, offers play for people of all ages and abilities. [59] Inaugurated in 1977, it has hosted several top-level international events. [60] The Centre also provides meeting facilities for a range of community groups and clubs, and can be hired for private functions.

Youth clubs and activities for children

Under the umbrella of SAYC, the Stanley Area Youth Consortium, [61] trips and activities for children and young people in the wider Stanley area are offered by an array of youth clubs and voluntary associations.

These include Stanley Young People’s Club, focused on the South Stanley and South Moor areas; Oxhill Youth Club, founded in 1962, [62] which runs the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme locally; the Activity Den, [63] based in Tanfield Lea, active for nearly 20 years; [64] Beamish Community Football Club; [65] PACT House, a community hub; [66] and several community halls, schools, and churches.

Notable people

Memorials and commemorations

Memorials

Pit disasters

There are two memorials to the 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster: one unveiled in 1913, four years after the event, [70] and another unveiled in 1995, 86 years after. [71] In addition, a memorial headstone to mark the mass graves of those who died was dedicated in 2005. [72] [73] A memorial to the 1947 Louisa Morrison Pit Disaster was unveiled in 1997 on the fiftieth anniversary of the event, [74] and re-dedicated in 2018 after it was moved to another site. [75]

Wars

South Moor Memorial Park [76] was opened in 1920 and dedicated to the memory of employees of the South Moor Colliery Company who died in WWI. [77] It was rededicated in 1950 to also commemorate those who died in WWII. [78] [lower-roman 6]

The Masonic Hall in Stanley has a plaque commemorating members of the Coronation Lodge who served or were killed in WWI. [79]

Commemorations

Armed Forces Day, an official UK event, is observed on the last Saturday in June.

Miners' Sunday, a celebration of Stanley's heritage, [80] takes place in late August. [81]

Notes

  1. ↑ The Stanley Urban District created in 1894 was part a network of boroughs, urban district and rural district councils set up after the formation of Durham County Council in 1889. It comprised West Stanley, Shield Row and South Moor. In 1895, separate urban districts were created for Annfield Plain and Tanfield. [36] In 1937, the three districts were combined to form a greatly enlarged Stanley Urban District. [37]
  2. ↑ Derwentside District was created by amalgamating Stanley Urban District (as created in 1937), Consett Urban District, and Lanchester Rural District. The urban and rural districts were abolished.
  3. ↑ The reorganisation of 2009 abolished Derwentside and other districts created in 1974.
  4. ↑ Annfield Plain, Catchgate, Craghead & South Stanley, Havannah, South Moor, Stanley Hall, and Tanfield. [41]
  5. ↑ Covering all businesses registered for VAT. The industry groups are derived from the UK's Standard Industrial Classification.
  6. ↑ A casualty of the Korean War was later added to the WWII plaque.

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References

  1. ↑ "Parish population 2011" . Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  2. ↑ Ryder Architecture Ltd (25 October 2021). "Executive Summary". A Vision for Stanley 2021–2035 : Durham County Council : Masterplan Report (PDF). Durham County Council (Report). p. 5, para 3. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  3. ↑ Simpson, David (2022). "Stanley, Annfield Plain, Pontop and Tanfield". England's North East. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  4. ↑ "The Derwentside (Parish) Order 2007 (11 April 2007)" (PDF). Durham County Council. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  5. ↑ "Stanley Town Council Area" (zoomable map). Co-Curate. Newcastle University. 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  6. ↑ Historic England : possible Iron Age/Roman ditched enclosure; coin of Marcus Aurelius (161–180 AD); signal station. Durham Historic Environment Record: possible fortlet; possible road. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  7. ↑ Snape, M. G., ed. (2002). "Acta of Richard Poore". English Episcopal Acta 25: Durham 1196–1237. London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. Actum 328 on pp. 297-298. ISBN   978-0-197-26235-1 . Retrieved 27 April 2024– via Internet Archive.
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  9. ↑ Saxton, Christopher (1579) [1576]. "Dunelmensis Episcopatus (Qui comitatus est palatinus) vera et accurata descriptio. Anº Dni. 1576" [A true and accurate description of the Bishopric of Durham (which is a palatine county). AD 1576] (zoomable map). Altea Gallery. London: Christopher Saxton. Standley is marked next to a small range of hills north-west of "Duresme" (Durham). Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2024– via The Wayback Machine. Part of Saxton's Atlas of the Counties of England and Wales.
  10. ↑ Speed, John (1611). The Bishopric and Citie of Durham (zoomable map). Late-stage proof. Cartography by Jodocus Hondius, engraver. London: William Hall. Standley is marked next to a small range of hills north-west of Durham. Retrieved 27 April 2024– via University of Cambridge Digital Library (physical location classmark: Atlas.2.61.1). This map is part of Speed's atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine . "Standley" is listed in the index of placenames appended to the version published in the atlas.
  11. ↑ "West Stanley Pit Disaster" . Newcastle Daily Chronicle. 19 February 1909. p. 7. Retrieved 6 May 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "West Stanley Colliery Explosion –West Stanley –1909". Northern Mine Research Society. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  13. ↑ "The Explosion at West Stanley Colliery" . Newcastle Courant. 21 April 1882. p. 8. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  14. ↑ "Louisa Colliery Explosion –Stanley –1947". Northern Mine Research Society. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  15. ↑ "Nineteen Dead in Pit Explosion" . Nottingham Evening Post. 23 August 1947. p. 1. Retrieved 20 May 2024– via Newspapers.com.
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  17. ↑ Blacklock, Mark (24 July 1999). "Battle of the Fish and Chip Shops as Ramsden's Take on the Small Fry: It's a Harry Ramadan a-ding dong" . Scottish Daily Express. p. 3. Retrieved 4 May 2024– via Newspapers.com.
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  20. ↑ "Swingers' club plans are dropped". The Northern Echo. 31 October 2003. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  21. ↑ "Welcome to Stanley Blues Festival!". Archived from the original on 7 August 2001.
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  29. ↑ Summers, Mark (30 July 2013). "The show will go on: Stanley's Lamplight Arts Centre is saved from closure". Northern Echo. Newsquest Media. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
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  31. ↑ "Beamish Football Centre". Pitchfinder. The Football Foundation . Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  32. ↑ Robertson, Ross (29 November 2023). "'Star-making' Beamish Football Centre set to get £1.6million new home after helping Sunderland, Everton, Coventry and Newcastle players". Sunderland Echo. National World . Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  33. ↑ Butler, David (1995), introduction to "Stanley 1895: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06a" (map), ISBN   978-0-85054-758-0; Godfrey, Alan (2013), introduction to "Stanley 1915: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06b" (map), ISBN   978-1-84784-661-7. c. 1:4224. Consett, Co Durham: Alan Godfrey Maps.
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  35. 1 2 "Kelly's Directory of Durham and Northumberland, 1914". University of Leicester Special Collections. London: Kelly's Directories. For local board (1892), see p. 400, col 1, lines 21-22; for urban district council (1894), see col 1, lines 2-5. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  36. ↑ "Old Ordnance Survey maps of Durham: This page summarises the local government organisation of Co Durham since 1889". The Godfrey Edition. 17 January 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  37. ↑ Benson, E. (March 1938). Stanley Urban District Council. (Stanley and Tanfield Sections.) Report of the Medical Officer of Health for the Year 1937. Wellcome Collection (Report). Stanley Urban District Council. p. 1, para 2. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  38. ↑ "Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System". London: HMSO. 1974. pp. 46, 130. ISBN   0-11-750847-0 . Retrieved 23 May 2024– via Internet Archive.
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  40. ↑ "Stanley Town Council: Constitution and Committee Terms of Reference. Appendix 1: Function, Powers & Duties, Statutory Provisions" (PDF). Stanley Town Council. 24 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  41. ↑ DCC Spatial Technologies Group (29 June 2012). "Stanley Parish Wards" (PDF) (zoomable map). County Durham Community Foundation. 1:8,000. Durham County Council. Map number GIS0848.
  42. ↑ "Election Results". Stanley Town Council. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  43. ↑ "Your Councillors". Durham County Council. Look for 'Stanley' or names of Stanley parish wards. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  44. ↑ "Your Councillors". democracy.durham.gov.uk. 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  45. ↑ "About Stanley AAP". Durham County Council . Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  46. ↑ "Stanley Activity and Support Information Directory: Spring 2024" (PDF). Durham County Council . Stanley Area Action Partnership. 10 April 2024.
  47. 1 2 OCSI for the Coalfields Regeneration Trust (16 January 2019). "Community Insight profile for 'Stanley Co Durham' area" (Report). Retrieved 27 July 2024 –via Internet Archive.
  48. ↑ "Tesco hopes new shop will make 400 jobs". 30 November 2010.
  49. ↑ "60 jobs created as Home Bargains opens new store at former Kwik Save site in County Durham". 28 July 2018.
  50. ↑ "Starbucks, Greggs and Dominos set to arrive in Stanley by end of 2022".
  51. ↑ BBC News: Revamp plan 'new dawn' for town, BBC News, 31 January 2005, last accessed 13 January 2008.
  52. ↑ BBC News: Revamp plan 'new dawn' for town, Kevan Jones MP, 1 April 2010, last accessed 06 March 2023.
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  54. ↑ "How to get to Stanley in County Durham by Bus?". moovit. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  55. ↑ "Primary schools within 3 miles (4.8 km) of Stanley, UK". Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  56. ↑ "C2C route map" (PDF). cycle.travel. Éditions Système D Ltd. 8 June 2017. Stanley is at top right of p.14. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  57. ↑ "The Louisa Centre". Thrive Leisure. Durham County Council. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  58. ↑ "Stanley Library". Durham County Council. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  59. ↑ "Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre". Stanley Indoor Bowls. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  60. ↑ Harris, Brian. "Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre" – via YouTube.
  61. ↑ "About us". youthconsortium.org. Stanley Area Youth Consortium. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  62. ↑ "Oxhill Youth Club". oxhillyc.com. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  63. ↑ "The Den" . Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  64. ↑ Moore, Hannah (24 February 2016). "Stanley youth centre revamp thanks to £16,000 grant from Durham County Council". Northern Echo. Newsquest Media. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  65. ↑ "Beamish Community FC". Club Durham. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  66. ↑ "PACT House Stanley". County Durham Community Foundation. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  67. ↑ Havery, Gavin (27 April 2015). "Hillary Clinton: From North-East mining stock to American presidential candidate". Northern Echo. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  68. ↑ Briggs, Caroline (4 November 2016). "US Election 2016: Hillary Clinton's English mining roots". BBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  69. ↑ "Keegan the hero". Northern Echo. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  70. ↑ "West Stanley Colliery Disaster Memorial: East Parade, Stanley, County Durham". Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  71. ↑ "West Stanley Colliery Disaster Memorial: High Street, Stanley, County Durham". Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  72. ↑ "Ceremony to remember dead miners". BBC Wear. BBC. 4 March 2005. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  73. ↑ "The Headstone Dedication at St Andrews Church Stanley". Sunniside Local History Society. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  74. ↑ "Annfield Plain Morrison Pit Memorial: Front Street, Annfield Plain, Stanley, County Durham". Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  75. ↑ "Former mining community re-dedicates memorial to 22 men killed in pit disaster". Northern Echo. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  76. ↑ "Memorial Park 1914-18 1939-45 Korea 1951". North East War Memorials Project. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  77. ↑ "Stanley War Memorial: Presentation of Public Park by South Moor Coal Co". Northern Echo. 12 July 1920. (clipping).
  78. ↑ "Ceremony of Unveiling on the South Moor War Memorial: the Names of those who Died in the 1939–1945 War". North East War Memorials Project. Stanley Urban District Council. 17 September 1950. Retrieved 1 June 2024. (handbill).
  79. ↑ "Plaque 1914-18 Masonic Hall". North East War Memorials Project. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  80. ↑ Conner-Hill, Rachel (23 August 2019). "Stanley to hold Miners' Sunday to celebrate town's heritage". Northern Echo. Newsquest Media. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  81. ↑ "Miner's Sunday Event | Sunday 20th August 2023". Stanley Town Council. Retrieved 18 May 2024.

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